一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于舉(ju)世聞名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)米(mi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)川”的(de)(de)(de)河(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)悠久(jiu)歷史(shi)和積(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)文化,漢武(wu)帝(di)時(shi)期(qi),因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而得名(ming)(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)正式建縣(xian)(xian)(xian)至今(jin)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)(you)蒙(meng)(meng)恬北(bei)筑長(chang)城、衛青抗(kang)擊匈奴、詩人(ren)李(li)白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂邊花”的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色(se)歸來(lai)遲(chi),二月垂楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近(jin)代史(shi)上,被當地老百姓稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“人(ren)間(jian)河(he)神(shen)”的(de)(de)(de)地方紳士王同春(chun)修(xiu)渠(qu)治水,墾荒(huang)置田,首開河(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)大規模(mo)發展農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河(he),使五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)地肥沃(wo)、氣候宜人(ren)、水渠(qu)縱(zong)橫(heng)、旱澇(lao)保收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)“塞外(wai)江(jiang)南”。現代史(shi)上,有(you)(you)馮玉(yu)祥將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓(shi)師、傅作(zuo)義將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰(zhan),更使五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)(ming)遐邇。據《內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古自(zi)治區農作(zuo)物志.農業(ye)志》記載,我(wo)區在(zai)(zai)新石器時(shi)代已有(you)(you)麥類(lei)作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,1940年(nian)(nian)(nian),綏西農業(ye)改(gai)進所從四川引進一批小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,在(zai)(zai)巴彥淖爾(er)盟各(ge)旗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均單產為(wei)(wei)750公斤/公頃,1949年(nian)(nian)(nian),河(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)灌區小(xiao)麥面(mian)積(ji)占全區小(xiao)麥播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)90%,到(dao)了70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中期(qi),小(xiao)麥單產有(you)(you)了大幅提高(gao),達到(dao)了6067公斤/公頃。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是全國商品(pin)(pin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)基(ji)地之(zhi)一,也是國家和內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古自(zi)治區重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)農畜(chu)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產基(ji)地。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian),內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古自(zi)治區人(ren)民政府作(zuo)出(chu)決定,把包括五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)15個旗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)計劃(hua)、有(you)(you)步驟(zou)地建設成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)穩產高(gao)產的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)基(ji)地,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)最多在(zai)(zai)60萬畝,現因比較(jiao)效(xiao)益(yi)較(jiao)低,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)有(you)(you)所減少,2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)24.7萬畝。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)現在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)麥的(de)(de)(de)主栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)永良(liang)4號,是1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)寧夏永寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)職工(gong)天(tian)津下(xia)鄉知(zhi)青邱志新培育成(cheng)功。該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植已將(jiang)近(jin)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),因我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)具有(you)(you)光能豐富、日照充足、晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差大、降(jiang)雨量(liang)少而集中的(de)(de)(de)氣候特點(dian),主要(yao)耕作(zuo)土(tu)壤是灌淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤質灌淤層(ceng),耕作(zuo)性(xing)好,含鉀量(liang)高(gao),生(sheng)產出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)麥籽粒飽滿,容重(zhong)高(gao),蛋(dan)白質含量(liang)高(gao),面(mian)筋值高(gao),加工(gong)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)粉適應面(mian)廣,做出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)餃子、面(mian)條(tiao)色(se)澤好,透(tou)亮,食用品(pin)(pin)質好,筋道,滑爽(shuang),粘彈性(xing)好。
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:巴彥(yan)淖爾市(shi)地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)簡稱“一山兩原(yuan)”。以陰山為(wei)(wei)(wei)界大體可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)三大區(qu)域:陰山以北(bei)(bei)是以荒漠半荒漠為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的烏拉特草原(yuan),中(zhong)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰山山地(di),陰山南麓至黃河(he)北(bei)(bei)岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)套平原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處(chu)于河(he)套平原(yuan)內,土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型主要(yao)有灌(guan)淤(yu)土(tu)、鹽土(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)、堿土(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)和(he)新積(ji)土(tu)。灌(guan)區(qu)的主要(yao)耕作土(tu)壤(rang)是灌(guan)淤(yu)土(tu),其表土(tu)層為(wei)(wei)(wei)壤(rang)質灌(guan)淤(yu)層,耕作性好,含鉀量高,對糖和(he)淀粉的積(ji)累(lei)非常有利(li)。
2、水文情(qing)況(kuang):五原縣水源(yuan)充沛,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃(huang)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)經河(he)(he)套平原345公里,年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)(liang)315億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。地(di)(di)下(xia)水開采量(liang)(liang)達18億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。河(he)(he)套灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)由(you)黃(huang)河(he)(he)三盛公水利樞紐自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)水灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai),每年(nian)引(yin)(yin)水量(liang)(liang)10-11.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),是(shi)(shi)亞(ya)洲(zhou)最大(da)(da)的一(yi)首制(zhi)自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)水灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu),也是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國三大(da)(da)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。黃(huang)河(he)(he)來水是(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)的地(di)(di)表水資(zi)源(yuan),一(yi)般年(nian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)336.5億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),全(quan)縣有5大(da)(da)干渠,9條分干渠,135條農渠,密(mi)如蛛網的毛渠灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)著全(quan)縣土地(di)(di),每年(nian)引(yin)(yin)水量(liang)(liang)10~11.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。地(di)(di)下(xia)水埋(mai)藏在(zai)第四紀沉積層中,一(yi)般埋(mai)深0.5~3.2米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),含水厚度30~160米(mi),礦化度低于3克/升。充足的水資(zi)源(yuan)為五原小麥提(ti)供了良好的灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)條件,而且水量(liang)(liang)充沛,無(wu)工業污(wu)染。
3、氣(qi)候情況:五(wu)原(yuan)縣屬中(zhong)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)候,平均海拔高度1102.7米,具有光能豐富、日照(zhao)充(chong)足、晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)大(da)、降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)少(shao)而集中(zhong)的(de)(de)特點。年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)7.0℃,平均風速2.6米/秒,東北風向較多。全年(nian)日照(zhao)時數3192.5小(xiao)(xiao)時,平均日照(zhao)百分(fen)率72%,太陽年(nian)平均輻射(she)總(zong)數153.439千卡/平方厘米,無霜(shuang)期117~136天(tian)。平均年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)169毫米,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在夏(xia)秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)際降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)變化大(da)。年(nian)蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)2067.8毫米,是降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍,屬半干旱類型。獨特的(de)(de)氣(qi)候條件,適宜五(wu)原(yuan)小(xiao)(xiao)麥的(de)(de)生長發(fa)育,并且(qie)遠離污染,產(chan)品品質(zhi)優佳(jia),是國家和(he)自(zi)治區(qu)重要的(de)(de)綠色(se)農畜產(chan)品生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。 4、農業環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)五(wu)原(yuan)縣屬于(yu)(yu)欠發(fa)達地(di)區(qu),主要以農業經(jing)濟為主,處于(yu)(yu)草原(yuan)和(he)沙漠的(de)(de)包圍(wei)之中(zhong),基(ji)本上(shang)屬于(yu)(yu)無污染地(di)區(qu)。據環保部門測定:五(wu)原(yuan)縣的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬一級(ji)水(shui)(shui)平,說明空氣(qi)清潔(jie),未被污染。土壤綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬二(er)級(ji)清潔(jie)標準,基(ji)本未受到污染。灌溉用水(shui)(shui)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指數P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬二(er)級(ji)清潔(jie)標準。綜(zong)(zong)(zong)上(shang)所述(shu),五(wu)原(yuan)縣的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)、土壤、水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)等環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)十分(fen)有利于(yu)(yu)發(fa)展生態農業。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位于(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)西部巴彥淖爾市,南鄰黃(huang)河,北(bei)(bei)靠陰山,東西分(fen)別(bie)與烏拉特前旗和(he)臨河區(qu)接壤,地處河套平原腹地,地勢平坦,土(tu)地坡降僅為八(ba)千分(fen)之一(yi),110國(guo)道(dao)、京(jing)藏(zang)高速和(he)包(bao)蘭鐵路全境通過。地理坐(zuo)標位于(yu)(五原小麥農產(chan)品地理標志保護(hu)范(fan)圍):東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西長約(yue)62.5公里,南北(bei)(bei)寬約(yue)40公里。轄9個鄉(xiang)鎮,117個行政村,774個社,總人口(kou)30.3萬人,總戶(hu)數(shu)52978戶(hu),其中(zhong)農業人口(kou)21萬,有勞動力10萬人,總耕地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)230萬畝。全縣小麥生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)16467公頃,產(chan)量86450噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
產品外在感(gan)觀特征(zheng):五原小麥的(de)主(zhu)栽品種為(wei)永良4號,是(shi)河套灌(guan)區(qu)的(de)特色品種,該小麥籽粒飽滿,容(rong)重高,蛋白質含(han)量(liang)高,面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)值高,加工成的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)粉適(shi)應面(mian)(mian)(mian)廣(guang),做出的(de)餃子(zi)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)條色澤好,透亮(liang),玻璃質表現明顯,食用品質好,筋(jin)道,滑爽,粘彈性(xing)好,營養(yang)豐富,深受廣(guang)大(da)消費者青睞。
產品內(nei)在品質(zhi)特性:五原小麥口(kou)感好,營(ying)養豐(feng)富,經檢測(ce),蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)為14-18.0g/100g,面筋質(zhi)為27-33%,能量(liang)(liang)為1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水化合物為68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)和(he)濕(shi)面筋質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)分別比全(quan)國平(ping)均水平(ping)高1.4%和(he)3.3%。