一.產品介紹
五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)位(wei)于舉世聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)“八(ba)百(bai)里河套米糧(liang)川”的(de)(de)河套平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)2400年(nian)的(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和積(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)文(wen)化,漢武(wu)帝時(shi)期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)(wei)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名(ming),1912年(nian)正式建縣(xian)至今。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)蒙恬北筑長城、衛青抗擊(ji)匈奴(nu)、詩(shi)人李白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan),朔(shuo)雪亂邊花”的(de)(de)名(ming)句,張(zhang)敬(jing)忠的(de)(de)“五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春色(se)歸來遲,二月垂(chui)楊(yang)未掛(gua)絲”的(de)(de)詠誦(song)。近代(dai)史(shi)上,被(bei)當(dang)(dang)地(di)老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)稱為(wei)(wei)“人間河神”的(de)(de)地(di)方紳士王同春修渠(qu)治(zhi)(zhi)水,墾(ken)荒(huang)置田(tian),首開河套大(da)(da)規模發展農(nong)業的(de)(de)先河,使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土地(di)肥沃、氣(qi)候(hou)宜人、水渠(qu)縱橫(heng)、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)(de)“塞外江南(nan)”。現代(dai)史(shi)上,有(you)(you)(you)(you)馮(feng)玉祥將軍五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)義將軍五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)名(ming)遐邇。據《內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物志.農(nong)業志》記載,我區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)新石器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)已有(you)(you)(you)(you)麥類作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1940年(nian),綏西農(nong)業改進(jin)所從(cong)四川引進(jin)一批小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),在(zai)巴彥淖爾盟各旗縣(xian)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當(dang)(dang)年(nian)平均(jun)單產(chan)(chan)為(wei)(wei)750公斤/公頃(qing)(qing),1949年(nian),河套灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)占全區(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)90%,到了70年(nian)代(dai)中期,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥單產(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)了大(da)(da)幅(fu)提高,達到了6067公斤/公頃(qing)(qing)。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)是全國(guo)商品(pin)(pin)糧(liang)基地(di)之一,也(ye)是國(guo)家和內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)綠色(se)農(nong)畜(chu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)。1983年(nian),內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)人民政府作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)決定,把包括五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)在(zai)內的(de)(de)15個(ge)旗縣(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)計劃、有(you)(you)(you)(you)步驟地(di)建設成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)穩產(chan)(chan)高產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)糧(liang)基地(di),五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)最多在(zai)60萬畝,現因比較效益較低(di),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所減少(shao),2013年(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)24.7萬畝。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)現在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥的(de)(de)主栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)永良(liang)4號,是1984年(nian)寧夏永寧縣(xian)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場職(zhi)工天津(jin)下(xia)鄉知青邱志新培育成(cheng)功。該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)我縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已將近30年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi),因我縣(xian)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)能豐富、日照充(chong)足(zu)、晝夜(ye)溫差大(da)(da)、降雨量少(shao)而集(ji)中的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點(dian),主要耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)土壤是灌(guan)淤土,其表土層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤質(zhi)灌(guan)淤層(ceng)(ceng),耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性好(hao),含(han)鉀量高,生產(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥籽(zi)粒(li)飽滿,容重(zhong)高,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量高,面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)筋值高,加工成(cheng)的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉適應(ying)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)廣,做(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)餃子(zi)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條色(se)澤好(hao),透(tou)亮,食用品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好(hao),筋道(dao),滑(hua)爽,粘(zhan)彈性好(hao)。
二.自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:巴彥淖爾市(shi)地(di)形地(di)貌簡稱(cheng)“一(yi)山(shan)兩原”。以(yi)陰山(shan)為(wei)界大體可分為(wei)三大區域:陰山(shan)以(yi)北是以(yi)荒(huang)漠半荒(huang)漠為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)烏拉(la)特草(cao)原,中部為(wei)陰山(shan)山(shan)地(di),陰山(shan)南麓至黃(huang)河北岸為(wei)河套(tao)平(ping)原,五原縣(xian)就處(chu)于河套(tao)平(ping)原內,土(tu)(tu)壤類型主(zhu)(zhu)要有灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和(he)新積(ji)土(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要耕作土(tu)(tu)壤是灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)壤質灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕作性好,含鉀量高,對(dui)糖(tang)和(he)淀粉的(de)積(ji)累非常有利(li)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:五原縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)沛,灌(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃河流(liu)(liu)(liu)經河套平原345公里,年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)總量315億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)開采(cai)量達18億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。河套灌(guan)區由黃河三盛公水(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),每年(nian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)量10-11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),是(shi)亞洲(zhou)最大的一(yi)首制自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區,也是(shi)全國(guo)三大灌(guan)區之一(yi)。黃河來水(shui)(shui)是(shi)最大的地(di)表水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan),一(yi)般年(nian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量336.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),全縣(xian)有5大干(gan)渠(qu),9條(tiao)分干(gan)渠(qu),135條(tiao)農渠(qu),密(mi)如蛛(zhu)網的毛渠(qu)灌(guan)溉(gai)著(zhu)全縣(xian)土地(di),每年(nian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)量10~11.6億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)埋(mai)藏在第四紀沉積層中(zhong),一(yi)般埋(mai)深(shen)0.5~3.2米(mi)之間,含水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160米(mi),礦化度低于3克/升(sheng)。充(chong)足的水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)為五原小麥(mai)提供了(le)良好的灌(guan)溉(gai)條(tiao)件(jian),而且水(shui)(shui)量充(chong)沛,無工業污染(ran)。
3、氣(qi)候情況:五(wu)原縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)溫帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)候,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)海拔高(gao)度(du)1102.7米(mi),具(ju)有(you)(you)光能豐富、日(ri)照充足、晝夜溫差大(da)、降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)少而集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)特點(dian)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)風速2.6米(mi)/秒,東北(bei)風向較(jiao)多。全年(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)(shu)3192.5小時,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照百分(fen)率72%,太陽年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)輻射總數(shu)(shu)153.439千(qian)卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米(mi),無霜(shuang)期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)169毫(hao)米(mi),降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在夏(xia)秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)際降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)變(bian)化大(da)。年(nian)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)2067.8毫(hao)米(mi),是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)的(de)11.5倍(bei),屬(shu)半干旱類型。獨特的(de)氣(qi)候條件(jian),適宜五(wu)原小麥(mai)的(de)生長發(fa)(fa)育(yu),并且遠(yuan)離(li)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran),產(chan)品品質優佳,是國家和自(zi)治區(qu)重要(yao)的(de)綠色(se)農畜產(chan)品生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)。 4、農業環境質量(liang)五(wu)原縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)欠發(fa)(fa)達地(di)(di)區(qu),主(zhu)要(yao)以農業經(jing)濟為主(zhu),處于(yu)(yu)草原和沙漠的(de)包圍之中(zhong)(zhong),基(ji)本上(shang)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)無污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)區(qu)。據環保部(bu)門測定:五(wu)原縣(xian)(xian)的(de)大(da)氣(qi)綜合指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水(shui)平(ping)(ping),說明空氣(qi)清(qing)潔,未被污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。土壤綜合指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)潔標準(zhun),基(ji)本未受到污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。灌溉用水(shui)綜合指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)P綜=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)潔標準(zhun)。綜上(shang)所述(shu),五(wu)原縣(xian)(xian)的(de)大(da)氣(qi)、土壤、水(shui)質等環境質量(liang)十分(fen)有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展生態農業。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位于內(nei)蒙古(gu)自治區(qu)西(xi)部巴彥淖爾市,南鄰黃河,北(bei)靠陰山,東(dong)西(xi)分別(bie)與烏拉特前旗和臨河區(qu)接壤,地(di)處(chu)河套平原腹地(di),地(di)勢(shi)平坦(tan),土地(di)坡(po)降僅為八千(qian)分之一,110國道(dao)、京藏高速和包蘭鐵路全境通過(guo)。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)位于(五原小(xiao)麥農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保(bao)護范圍):東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西(xi)長約62.5公(gong)里(li),南北(bei)寬約40公(gong)里(li)。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行政(zheng)村,774個(ge)社,總人(ren)口30.3萬人(ren),總戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其(qi)中農業人(ren)口21萬,有勞動力10萬人(ren),總耕地(di)面積(ji)230萬畝。全縣小(xiao)麥生產(chan)面積(ji)16467公(gong)頃,產(chan)量86450噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
產品外在感觀特征:五原小麥的主栽品種(zhong)為(wei)永良4號,是河套灌(guan)區的特色品種(zhong),該小麥籽粒(li)飽滿,容重高(gao),蛋白質(zhi)含量高(gao),面(mian)筋(jin)值高(gao),加工(gong)成的面(mian)粉適應面(mian)廣,做(zuo)出的餃子、面(mian)條色澤好,透亮(liang),玻璃質(zhi)表現明(ming)顯(xian),食用品質(zhi)好,筋(jin)道,滑爽,粘彈(dan)性好,營養豐富,深受廣大消費者青睞(lai)。
產(chan)品內在品質特(te)性:五原小麥口感好,營養(yang)豐富(fu),經檢測,蛋白(bai)質含量為14-18.0g/100g,面(mian)筋(jin)質為27-33%,能量為1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水化合物為68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白(bai)質含量和(he)(he)濕面(mian)筋(jin)質含量分別比全國平均水平高1.4%和(he)(he)3.3%。