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產地環境

烏蘭察布(bu)市處于內蒙古自治區(qu)中(zhong)部，屬中(zhong)國北(bei)(bei)部邊疆，位于東(dong)徑(jing)109°21′至(zhi)114°15′北(bei)(bei)緯39°30′至(zhi)43°50′，海拔高(gao)度1000—1500M，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)冷(leng)涼，年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫2.5℃—6℃，日照充足，≥10℃的(de)(de)有效積(ji)溫在(zai)(zai)1800—2500℃之間，無霜(shuang)期110天(tian)左(zuo)右，晝夜(ye)溫差大，年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)一般在(zai)(zai)300毫米左(zuo)右，多(duo)集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)六、七、八三個月(yue)，也(ye)正是馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長季節，降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)70%左(zuo)右，雨(yu)(yu)熱同季。土壤類型為栗(li)鈣土，多(duo)呈沙性。以上氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點為馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長發育(yu)提供了得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)越條(tiao)件。當地交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)區(qu)位優(you)(you)勢明顯，京包、集通(tong)(tong)(tong)、集二、豐準及正在(zai)(zai)開工建(jian)設的(de)(de)集張(zhang)五(wu)條(tiao)鐵路(lu)貫穿(chuan)全境(jing)，110國道、呼(hu)京高(gao)速、208國道、208高(gao)速、呼(hu)滿通(tong)(tong)(tong)道貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)東(dong)西南(nan)北(bei)(bei)，縣鄉級公路(lu)四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)八達(da)，是連接東(dong)北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)三大經(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)樞紐，是通(tong)(tong)(tong)往蒙古、俄羅斯和歐洲的(de)(de)國際通(tong)(tong)(tong)道。方便的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，為馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)外銷提供了較(jiao)好的(de)(de)條(tiao)件。

品質特點

烏(wu)蘭察布馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要品(pin)(pin)種有：克新(xin)一號、紫(zi)花白(bai)、大(da)西洋、夏波蒂、費烏(wu)瑞它、底西芮、早大(da)白(bai)、壩薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)號、冀張薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)5號等。烏(wu)蘭察布優越的(de)自(zi)然條件(jian)，不但有利于馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)莖膨大(da)、干物(wu)質積累(lei)，與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國其他(ta)省區相比(bi)，嚴重危害馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)毀滅性(xing)晚(wan)疫(yi)病發生(sheng)頻率低，傳毒蚜(ya)蟲少，因而生(sheng)產的(de)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)及商品(pin)(pin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)質量上(shang)乘，在中(zhong)(zhong)國馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)占有較(jiao)大(da)優勢。品(pin)(pin)質特點(dian)是：馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)莖大(da)、表皮(pi)光滑、皮(pi)色好、整齊度高、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)好、干物(wu)質含(han)量高、無污染、退化輕、病蟲害少，種薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)商品(pin)(pin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)享(xiang)譽全國及東(dong)南亞市場。

生產情況

烏蘭察(cha)布市(shi)種(zhong)植業(ye)產(chan)品種(zhong)類較多，原來(lai)是(shi)一(yi)個典型的(de)雜(za)糧區，種(zhong)植作物多少年(nian)(nian)一(yi)直是(shi)“多、雜(za)、亂(luan)”的(de)局(ju)面，主要有小麥(mai)、莜麥(mai)、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)、油料、蔬菜、雜(za)糧雜(za)豆等(deng)。長期以(yi)來(lai)，單產(chan)不高，總(zong)產(chan)不穩，效(xiao)益低下(xia)。20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)，該市(shi)大力調(diao)整(zheng)種(zhong)植業(ye)結構，依托(tuo)資源優(you)勢，因(yin)地制宜，大力調(diao)整(zheng)種(zhong)植業(ye)結構，初步形成(cheng)了馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)、蔬菜和飼(si)用(yong)作物三大主導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)格局(ju)。1995年(nian)(nian)以(yi)前，全市(shi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)年(nian)(nian)播種(zhong)面積100—150萬畝(mu)(mu)，從(cong)1995年(nian)(nian)以(yi)后逐年(nian)(nian)擴大，到(dao)2006年(nian)(nian)，達(da)到(dao)400萬畝(mu)(mu)左(zuo)右，總(zong)產(chan)鮮薯(shu)(shu)(shu)40億千(qian)克左(zuo)右（折(zhe)糧8億千(qian)克左(zuo)右），占中(zhong)國馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)播種(zhong)面積的(de)8%左(zuo)右，成(cheng)為烏蘭察(cha)布市(shi)的(de)一(yi)項(xiang)主導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)。全市(shi)十一(yi)個旗(qi)縣市(shi)除集(ji)寧(ning)區以(yi)外，其它旗(qi)縣市(shi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)播種(zhong)面積都達(da)到(dao)30萬畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)為農民脫貧(pin)致富奔小康的(de)支柱產(chan)業(ye)之一(yi)。

到(dao)2006年(nian)，全(quan)市(shi)(shi)有(you)馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)脫毒組培(pei)室(shi)5處(chu)（市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子公(gong)司(si)、市(shi)(shi)農科所、福(fu)瑞(rui)特(te)薯(shu)(shu)業公(gong)司(si)、察(cha)右后(hou)旗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子公(gong)司(si)、興和縣(xian)扶(fu)貧(pin)辦），面積(ji)達(da)1810平方米，具有(you)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)脫毒瓶苗(miao)1040萬株的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力，能全(quan)部滿足全(quan)市(shi)(shi)溫室(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的需求(qiu)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)成標準化溫室(shi)22畝(mu)，年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)扦插苗(miao)1000多萬株，脫毒小薯(shu)(shu)1800多萬粒。網室(shi)面積(ji)1250畝(mu)，年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)原(yuan)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)189萬千克。原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)面積(ji)達(da)到(dao)1.5萬畝(mu)，年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2250千克，一(yi)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)田(tian)15萬畝(mu)，二級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)田(tian)60萬畝(mu)。馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育已(yi)基本形成從組培(pei)快繁(fan)、溫室(shi)扦插、網室(shi)栽培(pei)、原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育以及一(yi)、二級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)個完整體系。

為了進一步伸延馬鈴薯產業鏈條，提升加工轉化能力，各地通過各種形式興建(jian)馬鈴薯(shu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，到2006年(nian)全(quan)(quan)市已經建(jian)成(cheng)大中型馬鈴薯(shu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)十多家(jia)，主(zhu)要有(you)：富(fu)廣食(shi)品公(gong)司(si)、奈(nai)倫集(ji)團公(gong)司(si)集(ji)寧精(jing)(jing)細化工(gong)(gong)(gong)分公(gong)司(si)、興和飛馬集(ji)團公(gong)司(si)和各旗(qi)縣市區建(jian)成(cheng)的精(jing)(jing)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠。加(jia)上遍布(bu)全(quan)(quan)市城鄉的粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)(pi)、粉(fen)(fen)(fen)條、粗淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)點1.2萬多個(ge)，年(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)轉(zhuan)化鮮薯(shu)可(ke)達10億千克左右。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的產(chan)品主(zhu)要有(you)：馬鈴薯(shu)全(quan)(quan)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)、精(jing)(jing)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)、變(bian)性(xing)淀(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)、脫水性(xing)膳食(shi)纖維、粉(fen)(fen)(fen)條、粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)(pi)等(deng)。

為了進一步(bu)促進銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售，各地紛(fen)紛(fen)組織營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)協(xie)會(hui)和(he)(he)(he)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)合(he)作組織，充分發揮橋梁和(he)(he)(he)紐帶作用(yong)，全市成立馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)協(xie)會(hui)20多個，販運大戶(hu)200多家，參與(yu)馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)營(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人員(yuan)高峰期達到10多萬人。馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)除銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)往(wang)國內的山(shan)東、山(shan)西、江蘇(su)、云南(nan)、湖南(nan)、北(bei)京、天(tian)津(jin)、廣東、東北(bei)等(deng)20多個省市外(wai)，還(huan)遠銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)到俄(e)羅斯、蒙(meng)古、韓國、馬來西亞、新加坡(po)、香港、澳(ao)門等(deng)多個國家和(he)(he)(he)地區。2009年(nian)3月(yue)，烏蘭察(cha)布市被(bei)中國食(shi)品工(gong)業協(xie)會(hui)正式命(ming)名為“中國馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)之都(dou)”。