自(zi)然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:涼城縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓蠻(man)(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)系,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)歷史條(tiao)件復雜。屬于集寧—張家口(kou)熔巖臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)原區(qu),境內大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)為(wei)低而寬的嶺(ling)脊套著一(yi)個構造盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)—岱(dai)海(hai)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。總(zong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)為(wei)四周山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)高,中(zhong)間湖(hu)盆(pen)(pen)低,海(hai)拔1234m到2300m。主要有(you)(you)中(zhong)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)、陷(xian)落及(ji)凹拗(ao)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)原四種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類型。北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈—蠻(man)(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan),為(wei)西(xi)南(nan)—東北(bei)(bei)(bei)走(zou)向(xiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)險陡;南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈—馬頭山(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)平(ping)緩而寬;西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、東北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)起伏連綿的丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),接蠻(man)(man)漢(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、馬頭山(shan)(shan)(shan);中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)西(xi)南(nan)—東北(bei)(bei)(bei)走(zou)向(xiang)的沖(chong)擊平(ping)原——岱(dai)海(hai)灘,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)平(ping)坦,平(ping)原底部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)面積較大的內陸湖(hu)——岱(dai)海(hai)。土(tu)壤絕大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)屬栗鈣土(tu)、草甸土(tu),占土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積的98.5%,結構較好,土(tu)層在150cm以上,耕層有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量1.28%。灰褐土(tu)是(shi)(shi)我縣(xian)的一(yi)個山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)垂直帶(dai)主要土(tu)壤,分(fen)布在西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),海(hai)拔高程(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)般(ban)在1600-2300m之間,丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)及(ji)洪積裙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)一(yi)般(ban)在1300-1500m之間,南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)緩,北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陡,切割深度(du)一(yi)般(ban)在50-350m之間,其下界與栗鈣土(tu)、栗褐土(tu)相接。
2、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang):涼城縣(xian)地(di)處中溫(wen)帶大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,屬干旱和半濕潤(run)交錯帶。其特征是:冬季漫長(chang)寒冷,多(duo)風而干燥;夏季短促,雨(yu)水(shui)集(ji)中而濕熱(re);春秋天氣(qi)(qi)多(duo)變(bian)而劇烈(lie)。全(quan)縣(xian)各地(di)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為2-5℃,無霜期80-125d,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)350-450mm,年(nian)蒸發量(liang)1938mm。光能資源(yuan)較豐富(fu),全(quan)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照為3026.7小(xiao)(xiao)時。在作物(wu)生長(chang)期,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)每(mei)天太陽實(shi)際(ji)照射8.9小(xiao)(xiao)時,因此(ci)作物(wu)有充(chong)足的(de)(de)日照。全(quan)年(nian)有七個月,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度在0℃以(yi)上(shang),此(ci)期間(jian)溫(wen)度的(de)(de)變(bian)化范圍6.2-20.5℃之間(jian),是熱(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)集(ji)中期。氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)年(nian)較差33.6℃,各月氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)日較差12.1-15.5℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)13.7℃,四(si)五月最大,八(ba)月最小(xiao)(xiao),大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)明(ming)顯。由(you)于特殊的(de)(de)地(di)理(li)位置,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)及土壤環境的(de)(de)影響,種植出的(de)(de)123蘋(pin)果(guo)品質優良,所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)縣(xian)非常適宜123蘋(pin)果(guo)等果(guo)類的(de)(de)生長(chang)。
地域范圍
涼城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣位于內(nei)(nei)蒙古自治區烏蘭(lan)察布(bu)(bu)市(shi)(shi)中南(nan)(nan)部,地處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)東經112°28′—112°30′,北緯(wei) 40°29′—40°32′之間,是(shi)內(nei)(nei)蒙古最大的123蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)種植(zhi)縣,被譽(yu)為“果(guo)(guo)(guo)鄉”,涼城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)123蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)享有“草原鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)”、“塞(sai)外圣果(guo)(guo)(guo)”、“人參仙(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)”等美(mei)譽(yu)。涼城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣交通便(bian)利,東鄰(lin)(lin)豐鎮(zhen)市(shi)(shi),西與呼(hu)和浩特(te)市(shi)(shi)、和林縣交界,南(nan)(nan)與山西省左(zuo)云、右玉(yu)縣毗鄰(lin)(lin),北和卓資縣接壤。東南(nan)(nan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)北京400公(gong)里(li)、天(tian)津港550公(gong)里(li);南(nan)(nan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)大同110公(gong)里(li);西距(ju)(ju)(ju)呼(hu)和浩特(te)100公(gong)里(li);北距(ju)(ju)(ju)集寧90公(gong)里(li)。四通八達的交通給涼城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)123蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)外銷(xiao)運輸帶來了極大的方便(bian),果(guo)(guo)(guo)品遠銷(xiao)北京、天(tian)津、山西、河北等多(duo)個(ge)(ge)省份和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)。全縣共有八個(ge)(ge)鄉(鎮(zhen))和一個(ge)(ge)辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),132個(ge)(ge)村委會。涼城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)123蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)護地域分布(bu)(bu)在(zai)六蘇(su)木鎮(zhen)、岱(dai)海鎮(zhen)、天(tian)成(cheng)鄉、岱(dai)海旅(lv)游辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)4個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)和辦(ban)事處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),25個(ge)(ge)行政村范圍內(nei)(nei),保(bao)(bao)護面積2.5萬畝,保(bao)(bao)護規模為年產量5.5萬噸(dun)。
產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:水嫩清香,果(guo)實美觀,果(guo)大,平均(jun)果(guo)重75克左右,果(guo)實呈卵(luan)圓形(xing),果(guo)皮(pi)紅黃鮮艷,果(guo)肉黃白,味酸甜(tian)香多汁,品質上等。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:涼城123蘋果營養物(wu)(wu)質含(han)量參考范圍(wei)值(zhi):每100g產(chan)品(pin)含(han)蛋白質0.21~0.32g,維生素C 6.4~8.3mg,可溶性固形物(wu)(wu)12.1~15.1%,鈉(na) 0.40~0.67mg, 鉀100~125mg,磷(lin)20.3~33.5mg,鈣9.0~12.3mg,鎂4.50~6.20mg。
特定生產方式
涼(liang)城(cheng)123蘋(pin)果產(chan)地要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)在東經112°28′—112°30′,北(bei)緯 40°29′—40°32′之間(jian)的中溫帶(dai)大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou)區,干旱與半濕(shi)潤(run)交錯帶(dai),符(fu)合高(gao)原性(xing)小氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)良好,土(tu)(tu)壤含有機質、晝夜溫差(cha)大(da),光照(zhao)充足(zu)等要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。栽(zai)植(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)在春季果苗未萌芽前進(jin)行,一般在4月中上旬完成栽(zai)植(zhi)。栽(zai)植(zhi)時(shi)先把表土(tu)(tu)與腐(fu)熟基肥、研碎的黑(hei)礬等混合均(jun)勻回填入坑內到(dao)一半左右位(wei)置,采用“三埋(mai)兩踩一提苗”的方法(fa),先用表土(tu)(tu)埋(mai)根部,隨埋(mai)隨踩隨提苗,埋(mai)至根莖處踩實,嫁接口要(yao)(yao)略高(gao)于地面1厘米(mi)(mi)左右,使(shi)澆水(shui)后接茬與地面齊平(ping)。一般株(zhu)行距為2.5*5—6米(mi)(mi)或3*5米(mi)(mi),每畝45—54株(zhu)。產(chan)品嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)無公害標準進(jin)行生產(chan)過程的管理,產(chan)后貯藏、運輸等環節均(jun)按照(zhao)無公害標準進(jin)行。