一.產品介紹
化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)地(di)(di)處內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古大(da)(da)草原南(nan)緣,清末民(min)初,清王朝(chao)實(shi)(shi)行“招墾實(shi)(shi)邊”政(zheng)策,使得山(shan)西、河(he)北(bei)農民(min)大(da)(da)批(pi)涌入境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)開荒種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di),大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)基(ji)本(ben)屬于一家一戶小面積(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),僅供自家食(shi)用(yong),多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)會拿到(dao)(dao)(dao)集市上(shang)出售。直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成立后(hou),當(dang)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)才有(you)了較大(da)(da)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。1999年全(quan)縣(xian)水澆地(di)(di)面積(ji)恢復到(dao)(dao)(dao)28250畝,2004年達到(dao)(dao)(dao)5.08萬畝,隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)水澆地(di)(di)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)(da),當(dang)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)業得到(dao)(dao)(dao)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),2004年全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)播面積(ji)70.32萬畝,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)4萬畝,產(chan)量達16.6萬噸。通過節(jie)水灌溉工程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)施,目(mu)前大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)已經發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了7.5萬畝。據當(dang)地(di)(di)傳說、流傳典故(gu)以及老人講述:在(zai)(zai)明朝(chao)初年,明成祖朱(zhu)棣(di)出征平定漠北(bei)和(he)征討蒙(meng)(meng)古韃靼等部(bu)落時,途經哈(ha)必嘎、萬隆店(康保境(jing)(jing)(jing))入嘉(jia)卜寺(si)(化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)),很多(duo)士兵(bing)手心和(he)腳心起泡,不(bu)能(neng)行軍(jun)、拿不(bu)了武器,軍(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)名老中(zhong)(zhong)醫建議就(jiu)地(di)(di)取材,用(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)板藍根(gen)熬湯服用(yong)并(bing)(bing)擦洗,士兵(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情逐步好轉并(bing)(bing)且(qie)很快(kuai)痊愈(yu)。民(min)國(guo)22年(公(gong)元1933年)察哈(ha)爾省政(zheng)府主(zhu)席兼第29軍(jun)軍(jun)長(chang)宋哲元到(dao)(dao)(dao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)視(shi)察軍(jun)務,并(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)陽、嘉(jia)卜寺(si)等地(di)(di)部(bu)署駐軍(jun),部(bu)隊伙食(shi)就(jiu)以大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。1958年冬到(dao)(dao)(dao)1959年秋,全(quan)縣(xian)大(da)(da)辦(ban)公(gong)共(gong)食(shi)堂,社員村(cun)民(min)到(dao)(dao)(dao)公(gong)共(gong)食(shi)堂吃集體飯,主(zhu)要食(shi)材也以當(dang)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。1977年8月內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古自治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)畜牧局在(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)召(zhao)開全(quan)區(qu)(qu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)貯(zhu)飼料現場會,推廣(guang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)“立秋貯(zhu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)草、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)露貯(zhu)山(shan)藥秧、秋分貯(zhu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)葉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗。由此(ci)可見,化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程(cheng)以及很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)藥用(yong)價值。目(mu)前化(hua)(hua)(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)已發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)7.5萬畝,年產(chan)量45萬噸,是烏蘭察布(bu)以致(zhi)全(quan)內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)縣(xian)。2004年通過國(guo)家農業部(bu)無公(gong)害(hai)產(chan)品和(he)產(chan)地(di)(di)認定,同年被(bei)自治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)農牧業廳授予“無公(gong)害(hai)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)”,產(chan)品深受外(wai)來商客和(he)消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)睞并(bing)(bing)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)北(bei)京、天津、廣(guang)州(zhou)、上(shang)海(hai)、杭州(zhou)等全(quan)國(guo)各大(da)(da)城市。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):化(hua)(hua)德縣(xian)境內地(di)(di)(di)貌總(zong)體趨勢(shi)是(shi)西高(gao)(gao)東低(di),中(zhong)部凸起(qi),形成高(gao)(gao)低(di)起(qi)伏態(tai)勢(shi)。海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度在(zai)1244—1719米之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。按(an)地(di)(di)(di)貌特點分(fen)為低(di)山(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu)、緩(huan)坡丘陵(ling)區(qu)、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)洼地(di)(di)(di)、河谷(gu)洼地(di)(di)(di)、波(bo)狀高(gao)(gao)原六種類型。低(di)山(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu)占縣(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積21.9%、緩(huan)坡丘陵(ling)區(qu)縣(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積19.7%、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積12.5%、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)洼地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積29.4%、河谷(gu)洼地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積3.8%、波(bo)狀高(gao)(gao)原縣(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積12.7%。據(ju)1983年縣(xian)土(tu)壤普查和1989—1992年縣(xian)內土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源調查,化(hua)(hua)德縣(xian)土(tu)壤分(fen)布(bu)有栗鈣土(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)、鹽土(tu)3個(ge)(ge)土(tu)類,8個(ge)(ge)亞類,21個(ge)(ge)土(tu)屬(shu),108個(ge)(ge)土(tu)種。草甸(dian)土(tu)分(fen)布(bu)比較分(fen)散,主要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)山(shan)間(jian)(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)、河谷(gu)洼地(di)(di)(di)。成土(tu)母質為沖(chong)洪(hong)積物,有機質含量較高(gao)(gao),在(zai)2.5-2.9%之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。
2、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:化德縣屬(shu)中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶半(ban)干旱大(da)(da)陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),主要氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點是日(ri)照(zhao)時間長(chang),光(guang)能充足,寒暑(shu)劇變,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da),風沙日(ri)數(shu)(shu)多,蒸(zheng)發量(liang)大(da)(da),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)干燥,有(you)利于營(ying)養物質的積(ji)(ji)累(lei)。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2.5℃,無霜(shuang)期年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)103天(tian)(tian),≥0℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2502.7℃,持(chi)(chi)續(xu)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)196天(tian)(tian);≥5℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)23388℃,持(chi)(chi)續(xu)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)160天(tian)(tian);≥10℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19274℃,持(chi)(chi)續(xu)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)117天(tian)(tian)。境內多晴(qing)朗(lang)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi),大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)透光(guang)好,光(guang)照(zhao)時間長(chang),太陽(yang)光(guang)幅射強度大(da)(da),光(guang)能源豐(feng)富。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)3078.7小(xiao)時,年日(ri)照(zhao)率69%。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)329.9毫米,降(jiang)水集中在6-8月(yue),占(zhan)全年降(jiang)水量(liang)的60-75%。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度56%。年蒸(zheng)發量(liang)較大(da)(da),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2046.1毫米,是年降(jiang)水量(liang)的6.2倍。
三.地域范圍
化(hua)德縣(xian)屬(shu)內蒙古自治(zhi)區,是烏蘭察(cha)布(bu)市以農(nong)業生產為主的旗(qi)縣(xian)之一,位于半農(nong)半牧(mu)交錯(cuo)帶。地處(chu)內蒙古中部(bu),烏蘭察(cha)布(bu)市最東(dong)端(duan),地理(li)坐標為東(dong)經(jing)113°33′04″—114°48′13″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯41°36′47″—42°17′41″之間。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)錫林郭勒盟(meng)鑲黃旗(qi)接壤,西(xi)、西(xi)南與(yu)商(shang)都縣(xian)相(xiang)連,東(dong)、東(dong)南與(yu)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省康保(bao)縣(xian)交界,東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)正鑲白旗(qi)毗(pi)鄰。東(dong)西(xi)長108.5公(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)寬72公(gong)(gong)里,總面(mian)積2527平方公(gong)(gong)里。行政劃分為6個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)地域包括上(shang)述全部(bu)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)朝陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、長順(shun)鎮(zhen)、七號鎮(zhen)、白音特拉鄉(xiang)、德包圖鄉(xiang)、公(gong)(gong)臘(la)胡洞(dong)鄉(xiang),93個行政村內。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)模為年(nian)產量為45萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征(zheng):化德大白菜葉球(qiu)彈頭形(xing)、半疊抱直(zhi)筒型(xing),橫徑18-25cm,縱(zong)徑25-30cm,單株重4kg左右,外葉濃綠、內葉嫩黃(huang)、葉幫質嫩,葉柄汁多甜脆,氣味(wei)清新,糖分含量高(gao)、纖維較少、口感(gan)好,品質佳。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):化德(de)大白菜營養成分含(han)量參照范圍:蛋白質(zhi):1.1-1.5g/100g;粗纖(xian)維(wei):0.4-1.0g/100g;Vc:10.2-16.1mg/100g;煙(yan)酸(suan)(suan):0.1-0.4mg/100g;鐵:2.1-2.6mg/100g;鉀:128-133mg/100g;鈣:35-52mg/100g;鎂:5.4-12.3mg/100g。獨特的地理環(huan)境和自(zi)然氣候造就了其獨特的品質(zhi)。化德(de)大白菜含(han)較多(duo)維(wei)生素,與肉類同(tong)食(shi),既可增添肉的鮮美味道,又可減少肉中亞硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鹽類物質(zhi)和亞硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鹽的產(chan)生。特別適(shi)合用于燉、炒、熘、拌(ban)以(yi)及做餡、配菜。除供熟食(shi)之外,還可以(yi)加工成菜干或腌(a)制品,具有“開胃、健脾、補(bu)充維(wei)生素”等功(gong)效。