一.產品介紹
密山市,以境(jing)內蜂蜜(mi)山得名(ming)(ming),素(su)有(you)“魚(yu)(yu)米之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”的(de)美譽,密山市是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)大(da)荒的(de)發源地(di)(di),文化(hua)底蘊厚,6000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)前,滿(man)族祖(zu)先(xian)肅慎人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)繁(fan)衍(yan)生息,創造(zao)了獨(du)特的(de)漁(yu)獵文明。 大(da)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)由6500萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)前的(de)火(huo)山噴發造(zao)成地(di)(di)殼(ke)陷落而形(xing)成。小(xiao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)20萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)以后(hou)變遷(qian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水退(tui)縮形(xing)成。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我國(guo)內湖(hu)(hu)(hu),1860年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)俄《北(bei)京條約》簽定后(hou),變成了中(zhong)俄界湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。史書記(ji)載,興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)代稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)湄(mei)沱(tuo)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),以盛產(chan)“湄(mei)沱(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)鯽”馳譽。又(you)(you)因湖(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)如(ru)“月琴(qin)”,故(gu)遼金代有(you)“北(bei)琴(qin)海”之(zhi)(zhi)稱,清代改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。又(you)(you)稱興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)開湖(hu)(hu)(hu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當地(di)(di)赫哲語肯卡(ka)的(de)偕音,意為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水從高處(chu)向低處(chu)流。“興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滿(man)語,“興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)”的(de)意思為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“水耗子”,說(shuo)明當時興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)水鼠很多(duo)。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)面有(you)小(xiao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),又(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)達巴(ba)庫湖(hu)(hu)(hu),滿(man)語意為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“水從高處(chu)往低處(chu)流”。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)滿(man)族的(de)龍興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),清初曾被“禁封”200多(duo)年(nian)(nian)。清末解(jie)禁后(hou),陸續有(you)墾(ken)荒者來到這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水域遼闊,濕(shi)地(di)(di)廣袤(mao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三江平原生物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豐(feng)富(fu)、保存最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完整的(de)自然生態(tai)系統;是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)東北(bei)亞最大(da)的(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)遷(qian)徙通道(dao)和(he)停歇(xie)繁(fan)殖地(di)(di);是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)重要的(de)商品(pin)(pin)糧基地(di)(di)。1986年(nian)(nian),黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)政府批準(zhun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)建立省(sheng)級自然保護區。1994年(nian)(nian),經(jing)(jing)國(guo)務院(yuan)批準(zhun)晉升為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家級。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)許(xu)多(duo)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)志中(zhong)均有(you)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)大(da)白魚(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)種的(de)記(ji)載。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)大(da)白魚(yu)(yu)生活在(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)獨(du)特的(de)水域環境(jing)中(zhong),使其在(zai)(zai)(zai)生理(li)性(xing)狀上形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)個獨(du)特的(de)種群,興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水質(zhi)清新、無污染、餌(er)料資源豐(feng)富(fu),使得所產(chan)大(da)白魚(yu)(yu)體色(se)(se)(se)銀白、肉質(zhi)潔(jie)白細嫩、營養豐(feng)富(fu)、味道(dao)鮮(xian)美,興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)大(da)白魚(yu)(yu)歷來是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皇室貢品(pin)(pin),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)酒宴上一(yi)(yi)道(dao)佳肴、親朋好友禮尚往來的(de)貴(gui)重禮品(pin)(pin),被譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我國(guo)北(bei)方四大(da)淡水名(ming)(ming)魚(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)首,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極具地(di)(di)方特色(se)(se)(se)的(de)名(ming)(ming)貴(gui)綠色(se)(se)(se)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:密山(shan)市(shi)屬(shu)于(yu)低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)區(qu),地(di)(di)勢(shi)由(you)西北向(xiang)東南傾斜,由(you)于(yu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)時(shi)期受新構造(zao)運(yun)動和(he)湖(hu)泊(bo)沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),使(shi)本(ben)市(shi)呈高低相間(jian)型(xing)地(di)(di)貌特征,形(xing)成低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵、山(shan)前漫崗、沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)、湖(hu)積(ji)(ji)(ji)低平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)四種地(di)(di)貌類(lei)型(xing)。中南部是(shi)(shi)穆棱河沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦而開闊,土地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃(wo),支流河汊、泡(pao)沼眾多(duo),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)在(zai)90至(zhi)200米(mi)之(zhi)間(jian)。南部是(shi)(shi)興凱湖(hu)積(ji)(ji)(ji)低平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),由(you)于(yu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)時(shi)期湖(hu)泊(bo)沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),在(zai)這一地(di)(di)區(qu)形(xing)成碟形(xing)洼(wa)地(di)(di)和(he)帶狀沙崗等多(duo)種微型(xing)地(di)(di)貌,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)65至(zhi)80米(mi),是(shi)(shi)本(ben)市(shi)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)最(zui)低的地(di)(di)區(qu),地(di)(di)勢(shi)寬廣平(ping)坦,河流縱橫,泡(pao)沼和(he)淺水洼(wa)地(di)(di)密布(bu)。
(2)水(shui)文情況:密(mi)山市水(shui)域遼闊(kuo)、魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)富(fu)(fu)(fu)饒,歷來(lai)漁業發達。全市總(zong)(zong)水(shui)面為(wei)265萬畝,占(zhan)全縣(xian)總(zong)(zong)面積23%。有自西(xi)而東橫(heng)貫全市中(zhong)部平原(yuan)的(de)(de)干流(liu)穆棱(leng)河,流(liu)經(jing)兩岸(an)12個鄉鎮,支(zhi)流(liu)溝(gou)壑縱橫(heng)交(jiao)錯,泡沼水(shui)庫星(xing)羅(luo)(luo)棋布,盛產(chan)鯉魚(yu)(yu)、鯽(ji)魚(yu)(yu)、鯰(nian)(nian)魚(yu)(yu)、狗魚(yu)(yu)等(deng)20多(duo)種魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)。穆棱(leng)河兩岸(an),地(di)勢(shi)低洼、泡沼眾多(duo),是密(mi)山水(shui)域的(de)(de)一個主要特(te)點(dian),且(qie)雜草叢生(sheng),富(fu)(fu)(fu)含營養物(wu)(wu)(wu)質,浮(fu)游(you)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)繁殖量大(da),天(tian)然餌(er)料豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)。是魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)攝食洄游(you)、繁衍生(sheng)息的(de)(de)良好(hao)場所。這富(fu)(fu)(fu)饒的(de)(de)水(shui)產(chan)資源、優越的(de)(de)自然環境(jing)、發展(zhan)水(shui)產(chan)事業,可謂得天(tian)獨厚。 興(xing)凱湖(hu)(hu)是世界上少數無污染(ran)的(de)(de)大(da)型湖(hu)(hu)泊之一,湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)水(shui)質清新、PH值7.5左右,呈微堿性,總(zong)(zong)硬度(du)3°-4°德國度(du),總(zong)(zong)堿度(du)1.09-1.81mg當量/L,耗氧(yang)量9.2~10.2mg/L,餌(er)料生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)(浮(fu)游(you)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量為(wei)2.34ml/L,高峰(feng)時為(wei)3.11ml/L,浮(fu)游(you)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量為(wei)1.13ml/L,高峰(feng)時為(wei)1.58ml/L),屬營養型水(shui)域,湖(hu)(hu)中(zhong)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)有28種,盛產(chan)翹嘴紅鲌(ba)(興(xing)凱湖(hu)(hu)大(da)白魚(yu)(yu))、紅鰭(qi)鲌(ba)(麻連)、花(hua)魚(yu)(yu)骨、擬尖頭(tou)紅鲌(ba)(紅尾)、興(xing)凱青梢紅鲌(ba)(羅(luo)(luo)鍋(guo))、鯉魚(yu)(yu)、鯽(ji)魚(yu)(yu)、鰲花(hua)、鳊(bian)花(hua)、哲羅(luo)(luo)、胡羅(luo)(luo)、黑(hei)魚(yu)(yu)、狗魚(yu)(yu)、鯰(nian)(nian)魚(yu)(yu)、黃顙魚(yu)(yu)等(deng)多(duo)種魚(yu)(yu)類(lei),其中(zhong)興(xing)凱湖(hu)(hu)大(da)白魚(yu)(yu)被譽(yu)為(wei)我(wo)國北方四大(da)淡水(shui)名魚(yu)(yu)之首。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):密山市氣(qi)(qi)候屬(shu)中溫(wen)帶、大陸性季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候。四季分(fen)明,冬(dong)長(chang)夏短、冬(dong)季嚴寒、干燥;春季多大風(feng)(feng)、降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)少;夏季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)集中、溫(wen)熱、濕潤、日(ri)照長(chang);秋季短促(cu)、降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)急劇,常有(you)早(zao)霜。氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)、降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)、無霜期(qi)由東南向(xiang)西北遞減。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)2.5至(zhi)3.1℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)510至(zhi)600毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。無霜期(qi)106至(zhi)151天(tian)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數為2,467至(zhi)2,576小時(shi),太陽總輻射年(nian)(nian)(nian)總量(liang)為120千(qian)卡(ka)/平方厘米(mi)(mi)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)盛行(xing)(xing)西北風(feng)(feng)和西風(feng)(feng),興凱湖區域盛行(xing)(xing)西南風(feng)(feng),全年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均風(feng)(feng)速3.9至(zhi)4.6米(mi)(mi)/秒。年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)1,200毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。
(4)人文(wen)歷史情況:密(mi)山(shan)市(shi)(shi),以境內蜂蜜山(shan)得(de)名,素有(you)“魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)之(zhi)鄉”的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)譽(yu),密(mi)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),文(wen)化底蘊厚,6000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,滿(man)族(zu)(zu)祖(zu)先肅慎人在(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)繁衍生(sheng)(sheng)息,創(chuang)造了獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)漁獵文(wen)明。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)由6500萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)山(shan)噴(pen)發(fa)造成地(di)(di)(di)(di)殼(ke)陷落而(er)形成。小興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)20萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以后(hou)變遷過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)退縮形成。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)原為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)內湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),1860年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)俄(e)《北(bei)(bei)京條約》簽定(ding)后(hou),變成了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)俄(e)界(jie)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。史書記載(zai),興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐代(dai)稱為(wei)(wei)湄(mei)沱湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),以盛產(chan)(chan)“湄(mei)沱之(zhi)鯽(ji)”馳譽(yu)。又(you)因湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形如“月琴”,故遼金代(dai)有(you)“北(bei)(bei)琴海(hai)”之(zhi)稱,清代(dai)改為(wei)(wei)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。又(you)稱興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)開(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),是(shi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)赫哲語(yu)肯(ken)卡的(de)(de)(de)偕(xie)音(yin),意(yi)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)從(cong)高(gao)處(chu)向低處(chu)流(liu)(liu)。“興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)”是(shi)滿(man)語(yu),“興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)”的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)為(wei)(wei)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)耗(hao)子”,說(shuo)明當時興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)鼠很多(duo)。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)有(you)小興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),又(you)名達巴庫湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),滿(man)語(yu)意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)從(cong)高(gao)處(chu)往低處(chu)流(liu)(liu)”。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)作為(wei)(wei)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di),清初(chu)曾被“禁封(feng)”200多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。清末解禁后(hou),陸續有(you)墾荒者(zhe)來(lai)到這(zhe)里。20世紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),王震將軍(jun)率領十萬官兵在(zai)(zai)(zai)此開(kai)發(fa)北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒。時至今日,因為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)邊(bian)境,人煙稀少,加之(zhi)保(bao)護力度(du)的(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)高(gao),興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)持了較為(wei)(wei)原始的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域遼闊,濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)廣(guang)袤(mao),是(shi)三(san)江(jiang)平原生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性最(zui)為(wei)(wei)豐富(fu)、保(bao)存最(zui)為(wei)(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統;是(shi)東北(bei)(bei)亞最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)遷徙通道和(he)停歇繁殖地(di)(di)(di)(di);是(shi)我國(guo)重要的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)糧(liang)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),黑龍(long)江(jiang)省政(zheng)府批(pi)準(zhun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)建(jian)立(li)省級自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經國(guo)務院批(pi)準(zhun)晉升為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家級。 興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)名魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),歷來(lai)是(shi)皇室(shi)貢品(pin),被譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)四大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)名魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)首,常與(yu)烏(wu)蘇里江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)馬(ma)哈魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、綏芬河的(de)(de)(de)灘(tan)頭魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)并(bing)稱“邊(bian)塞(sai)三(san)珍”。興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肉(rou)嫩(nen)味(wei)香,并(bing)有(you)補腎益腦、開(kai)竅利(li)尿藥用價(jia)值,是(shi)極具(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)名貴綠色(se)經濟魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)許(xu)多(duo)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)志中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均有(you)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)一品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)。 興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)活在(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),使其在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)理性狀上(shang)(shang)形成一個(ge)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)種群,興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清新、無污染(ran)、餌(er)料資源(yuan)豐富(fu),使得(de)所產(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)色(se)銀白(bai)(bai)、肉(rou)質(zhi)潔白(bai)(bai)細嫩(nen)、營養豐富(fu)、味(wei)道鮮(xian)美(mei),特(te)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)清蒸后(hou)品(pin)嘗有(you)一種蟹香味(wei),深(shen)受廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)青睞。 興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)歷來(lai)為(wei)(wei)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域的(de)(de)(de)捕撈魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei),但(dan)由于近20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)過(guo)度(du)捕撈,自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)產(chan)(chan)量下降,已(yi)難(nan)于滿(man)足消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)需求,自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)世紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),密(mi)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)開(kai)展了興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人工(gong)繁育攻關試驗(yan),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲得(de)成功,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲得(de)了人工(gong)馴化養殖試驗(yan)并(bing)進行了推(tui)廣(guang)養殖,并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)實現了人類(lei)(lei)(lei)首次(ci)向興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)放流(liu)(liu)10萬尾興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)歷史突破。在(zai)(zai)(zai)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)密(mi)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)委市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府決定(ding)加大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)綜合開(kai)發(fa),加速興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化進程(cheng)。目前養殖面(mian)積29萬畝。
三.地域范圍
密(mi)山(shan)市地處(chu)黑龍江省(sheng)東(dong)南(nan)部,位(wei)于(yu)北緯45°01′至(zhi)45°55′,東(dong)經131°14′至(zhi)133°08′之(zhi)間。東(dong)北與(yu)虎林縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)鄰;北與(yu)寶(bao)清縣(xian)(xian)接壤;西北與(yu)七臺(tai)河市毗連;西南(nan)與(yu)雞東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)為鄰;東(dong)南(nan)與(yu)俄羅(luo)斯水(shui)(shui)陸相(xiang)接,國(guo)境(jing)(jing)邊界線長265千(qian)米,其中(zhong):水(shui)(shui)界235千(qian)米。密(mi)山(shan)市總面(mian)(mian)積7843平方(fang)千(qian)米,其中(zhong)山(shan)地占(zhan)(zhan)25%、水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)占(zhan)(zhan)23%、耕地占(zhan)(zhan)50%,故(gu)密(mi)山(shan)素(su)有“三山(shan)二水(shui)(shui)五分田”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。興(xing)凱(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)位(wei)于(yu)密(mi)山(shan)市東(dong)南(nan),距密(mi)山(shan)市35公里(li)(li),屬中(zhong)俄界湖(hu)(hu)(hu),北三分之(zhi)一的面(mian)(mian)積屬于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo),南(nan)部屬于(yu)俄羅(luo)斯。興(xing)凱(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)北長達100多公里(li)(li),東(dong)西寬達60多公里(li)(li),面(mian)(mian)積4380平方(fang)公里(li)(li),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)海拔69米,最深處(chu)10米。興(xing)凱(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)大白魚地域保護范圍包括我國(guo)境(jing)(jing)內大、小興(xing)凱(kai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),地理位(wei)置介(jie)于(yu)北緯44°44′至(zhi)45°24′,東(dong)經130°59′至(zhi)132°51′,面(mian)(mian)積122700公頃,年產量780噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)形態(tai)特(te)征:體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)25.5—72厘米的(de)(de)興(xing)凱湖大(da)(da)白(bai)魚,背(bei)鰭Ⅲ7,臀鰭Ⅲ21—27,側(ce)線(xian)鱗(lin)(lin)83—94,鰓耙(pa)24—28,下(xia)咽齒三行,2·4·4 —5·4·2(2·4·4—5·3·2)。頭(tou)(tou)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)19-22.6%,體(ti)(ti)高為(wei)(wei)體(ti)(ti) 長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)21-24.7%,尾柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)14.8-18%,尾柄(bing)高為(wei)(wei)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)7.8-9%, 吻(wen)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)頭(tou)(tou)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)29.5-36%,眼徑(jing)(jing)較(jiao)大(da)(da),下(xia)頜(he)厚大(da)(da),眼徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)14.1-25.3%。側(ce)線(xian)略居中軸線(xian)。鱗(lin)(lin)片較(jiao)小,易脫落。背(bei)鰭條小于頭(tou)(tou)長(chang)(chang)。胸鰭不及腹鰭基(ji)部。尾鰭分(fen)叉較(jiao)深(shen)。腹棱自腹鰭基(ji)部至肛門。背(bei)部和兩側(ce)淺棕色(se)或青灰色(se),腹部銀白(bai)色(se),各鰭灰色(se)或灰黑色(se)。腹腔膜銀白(bai)色(se),鰾三室(shi),中室(shi)最大(da)(da),后室(shi)小。
(2)外在(zai)感官:體色(se)銀白,體長側扁(bian),翹嘴,大眼,背部和兩側淺棕色(se)或(huo)青灰色(se),肉質潔白細嫩,味(wei)(wei)美而不(bu)腥,味(wei)(wei)道(dao)鮮(xian)美,特別在(zai)清(qing)蒸后品嘗有一種(zhong)蟹香味(wei)(wei)。
(3)內在品質:興凱湖大白(bai)魚位列我(wo)國(guo)四大淡(dan)水名魚之首,是水產品市場中最受歡迎(ying)的魚類(lei)之一(yi),一(yi)貫被(bei)視為上等經(jing)濟魚類(lei)。其營養(yang)成分(fen)為:可(ke)食部分(fen)含蛋白(bai)質≥18%,粗脂肪≥3%,不飽和脂肪酸(suan)≥70%,鎂(mei)≥220㎎/㎏,鋅≥9㎎/㎏,鈣≥1000㎎/㎏,鐵≥10㎎/㎏,磷≥1600㎎/㎏。
(4)產品質量(liang)安全嚴格按照無(wu)公害水產品生產技(ji)術規范及質量(liang)標 準執行(NY5053-2005)。
五.特定生產方式
技(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線:在(zai)(zai)興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)采(cai)捕興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)自然原種,依托(tuo)已(yi)有的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)(xing)(xing) 凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)工繁(fan)育養(yang)殖試(shi)驗科研成果(guo),采(cai)取人(ren)工產(chan)(chan)孵、馴化飼養(yang)等(deng) 綜合技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi),按(an)照(zhao)無公害(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程進行興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工繁(fan)育與養(yang)殖生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),采(cai)取人(ren)工增殖措(cuo)施(shi)和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)措(cuo)施(shi)保持興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai) 魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種質和種群(qun)。興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)增殖技(ji)(ji)術(shu): 湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)域中(zhong)小(xiao)型野雜(za)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)十分豐富,適合放養(yang)興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu),可(ke)(ke)將低值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)野雜(za)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)轉化為經濟價值(zhi)高的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu),優化水(shui)(shui)(shui)域魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類品種結(jie)構。根(gen)據(ju)黑龍江省(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)域的(de)(de)(de)特點,每(mei)畝投(tou)放規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)8-10cm的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種5-30尾(wei)。這樣從第三年開始即(ji)可(ke)(ke)形成產(chan)(chan)量,捕撈規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)一般在(zai)(zai)800-1500g,可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據(ju)市場需求來確定捕撈的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge),北方地區消費者喜歡大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)域具有較強的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存能(neng)力,回(hui)捕率一般在(zai)(zai)30%-60%。水(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)越(yue)小(xiao),回(hui)捕率越(yue)高。另外,由(you)于興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)靜水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)不能(neng)自然產(chan)(chan)卵,因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)除大(da)(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)(xing)凱(kai)(kai)(kai)湖(hu)(hu)以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、泡沼(zhao)等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)可(ke)(ke)人(ren)為控制(zhi)其(qi)種群(qun)數量,不至于形成敵害(hai)種群(qun)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):鮮活商品根據(ju)規格不同采(cai)用尼龍(long)塑料袋充氣包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),外(wai) 包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)為硬紙板箱(xiang)。注(zhu)意避免硬物刺(ci)破尼龍(long)袋。冷藏及凍藏商品內包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang) 為塑料包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),外(wai)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)為硬紙板箱(xiang)。
(2)標(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其(qi)產(chan)品或其(qi)包裝上統一使(shi)用農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志(興凱(kai)湖大白魚(yu)名稱和公共標(biao)識圖(tu)案組(zu)合(he)標(biao)注(zhu)型式(shi))。