地理環境
富硒走廊黑土地 得天獨厚大寶(bao)清
“寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)紅(hong)”牌紅(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou),是黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)紅(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)產品(pin)唯一優質品(pin)牌、全(quan)國著名(ming)三(san)大紅(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)品(pin)牌之(zhi)一,曾獲黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)10大名(ming)牌農產品(pin)號稱和國際(ji)企業博覽會馳(chi)名(ming)獎(jiang),連續7年獲歐(ou)盟有機食品(pin)證書。寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)的(de)紅(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)之(zhi)所以(yi)產量(liang)高(gao)、品(pin)質好,與(yu)寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)縣的(de)特殊地理(li)位置、氣候(hou)條件和良(liang)好的(de)生(sheng)態環境有著密(mi)不可分的(de)聯系。
寶(bao)清(qing)縣(xian)地(di)(di)處中緯度,歐亞大陸東岸,屬寒溫帶(dai)大陸性(xing)季風氣候。耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積4046平方(fang)千米(mi),占總(zong)面(mian)積的40.2%,列(lie)三江平原各縣(xian)之(zhi)首。寶(bao)清(qing)縣(xian)土(tu)地(di)(di)面(mian)積遼闊,地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)豐富、水(shui)位高,開(kai)發(fa)時間短(duan),土(tu)壤多(duo)為黑土(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)和溝谷草甸(dian)土(tu)等(deng),土(tu)質肥沃、富含硒元素,適宜多(duo)種作物生長。
我國(guo)是一個缺硒大(da)國(guo),我國(guo)富(fu)硒地區(qu)主要在江(jiang)西(xi)豐城和(he)湖北(bei)恩施。近(jin)幾年(nian),黑龍江(jiang)省地質(zhi)調(diao)查(cha)研究(jiu)總(zong)院開(kai)展了1:25萬農業地質(zhi)調(diao)查(cha)研究(jiu)工作,在松嫩平(ping)(ping)原南部發現一條富(fu)硒土壤帶(dai)——三江(jiang)平(ping)(ping)原富(fu)硒土壤帶(dai),該富(fu)硒土壤帶(dai)集中(zhong)分(fen)布在富(fu)錦—寶(bao)清(qing)(qing)地區(qu),其東西(xi)寬(kuan)60~100千米(mi),南北(bei)長150~180千米(mi),寶(bao)清(qing)(qing)縣境內富(fu)硒土壤面(mian)積(ji)可(ke)達300萬畝耕地,可(ke)以說寶(bao)清(qing)(qing)是三江(jiang)平(ping)(ping)原富(fu)硒核心區(qu)。
有(you)此得(de)天獨(du)厚(hou)的土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件,在富硒核(he)心區種植(zhi)的紅小豆就(jiu)富含天然硒的成分,具有(you)含硒量高的獨(du)特品質,在抗(kang)氧(yang)化、提高人體(ti)免(mian)疫功(gong)能、預防克山病和大骨節病等方面(mian)都有(you)著一(yi)定的作用(yong)。
文化背景
百年小雜糧 粒粒紅豆香(xiang)
寶清縣(xian)是黑龍江省乃至(zhi)全國著名的紅小(xiao)豆(dou)生產基地,自從(cong)寶清縣(xian)有(you)歷(li)史(shi)記載(zai)以來就有(you)小(xiao)規(gui)模(mo)種植紅小(xiao)豆(dou),至(zhi)今已有(you)100多年歷(li)史(shi)。
說起紅小豆(dou)(dou),不能(neng)不提黏(nian)豆(dou)(dou)包(bao)。每年臘月二十幾(ji),老人(ren)們都(dou)會(hui)忙著(zhu)蒸(zheng)豆(dou)(dou)包(bao)。把(ba)紅小豆(dou)(dou)放(fang)進鍋(guo)里煮(zhu)上(shang)幾(ji)個小時(shi),水干了(le),豆(dou)(dou)子用(yong)勺子一(yi)邊攪(jiao)一(yi)邊搗,便成了(le)豆(dou)(dou)沙(sha)(sha)。孩子們會(hui)端(duan)著(zhu)碗討上(shang)兩(liang)勺,拌上(shang)白糖先吃為快。老人(ren)們把(ba)打好的(de)豆(dou)(dou)沙(sha)(sha)拌上(shang)糖,包(bao)進糯米面(mian),蒸(zheng)出一(yi)鍋(guo)又一(yi)鍋(guo)的(de)黏(nian)豆(dou)(dou)包(bao)。蒸(zheng)好的(de)黏(nian)豆(dou)(dou)包(bao)被(bei)放(fang)到(dao)外面(mian)凍上(shang),想吃的(de)時(shi)候拿幾(ji)個放(fang)在(zai)鍋(guo)里熱一(yi)下。
夏(xia)天吃不上(shang)黏(nian)豆(dou)包,但(dan)是有更特(te)別的(de)(de)(de)吃法——“黏(nian)耗(hao)子”。“黏(nian)耗(hao)子”是滿(man)族的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)味面食,也(ye)叫“蘇(su)葉餑餑”“蘇(su)葉干糧”。“黏(nian)耗(hao)子”的(de)(de)(de)原料也(ye)是糯米面,紅小豆(dou),不過(guo)加了新鮮(xian)的(de)(de)(de)蘇(su)葉。將黏(nian)高粱米或(huo)糯米以水(shui)浸泡(pao)后磨(mo)成黏(nian)米面,將紅小豆(dou)煮熟(shu)搗(dao)成泥做成豆(dou)餡,包進黏(nian)米面搟成的(de)(de)(de)圓餅中,外用(yong)蘇(su)子葉裹(guo)之,上(shang)籠屜蒸熟(shu)即(ji)成。食之香甜可口并(bing)帶(dai)有蘇(su)子葉的(de)(de)(de)清香,滿(man)族人(ren)不僅平時(shi)喜(xi)(xi)歡吃,而且時(shi)逢祭(ji)祀還常(chang)用(yong)來供神(shen)。盛(sheng)夏(xia)時(shi)節,寶清滿(man)大街都是叫賣“黏(nian)耗(hao)子”的(de)(de)(de)聲音,不論滿(man)族、漢族,不論大人(ren)、孩子,都格外喜(xi)(xi)歡這種(zhong)特(te)別的(de)(de)(de)小吃。
也許,正是這豐富多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)吃法(fa)成就了寶(bao)清(qing)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)。寶(bao)清(qing)縣(xian)種植的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)經過多(duo)年選(xuan)育,以粒大(da)、色澤鮮紅(hong)(hong)為(wei)特征(zheng),農民把(ba)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)叫“寶(bao)清(qing)大(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍”紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)。
品牌建設
北國紅豆走世界 粒大皮薄“寶清紅”
“寶清(qing)紅”牌紅小豆,是(shi)寶清(qing)縣種子公(gong)司技術(shu)人員在20世紀90年代從“寶清(qing)大(da)紅袍”紅小豆的變異中,通過株行(xing)整理培育而(er)成。
自20世紀90年代以(yi)來,寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進入快(kuai)速發(fa)展階(jie)段。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)作為寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)經濟(ji)農作物(wu),對拉動全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業經濟(ji)快(kuai)速增長的(de)(de)作用,日漸明(ming)顯,特別是(shi)寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)抗病、耐(nai)瘠薄的(de)(de)習(xi)性(xing),較適宜(yi)寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西南部(bu)丘陵漫崗地(di)區的(de)(de)土壤。因此,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植面積逐(zhu)年擴大(da)(da)。到1995年,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)種(zhong)植面積達(da)到8萬多畝,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)1.2萬噸,當時主栽品(pin)種(zhong)為“寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)袍”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。1995年,寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)牌(pai)生產(chan)(chan)極為重視,組織農業專(zhuan)家對“寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)袍”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進行(xing)(xing)品(pin)系(xi)鑒定(ding),特撥出經費(fei)對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進行(xing)(xing)選(xuan)育。精(jing)工寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)子公司的(de)(de)技術(shu)人員5年的(de)(de)精(jing)心選(xuan)育,1998年,寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)通(tong)過多點試驗,經黑龍江品(pin)種(zhong)委員會審定(ding),正(zheng)式(shi)命(ming)名為“寶(bao)(bao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。
“寶(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)品種(zhong)的(de)培(pei)育(yu)成功和廣泛種(zhong)植促(cu)進(jin)了寶(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)產業的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。“寶(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)以營(ying)養豐(feng)富、優質高產深受國內外客戶(hu)的(de)青(qing)睞(lai),給寶(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)廣大農民帶來了可(ke)觀的(de)經濟(ji)效益。隨著全縣(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)生(sheng)產的(de)不斷發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和“寶(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”牌紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)培(pei)育(yu)成功,縣(xian)政府(fu)為(wei)了保(bao)護“寶(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou),拿出(chu)了大量的(de)資金對“寶(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)進(jin)行(xing)商(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)。2000年,完(wan)成“寶(bao)(bao)清紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)商(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)。同時(shi)在(zai)寶(bao)(bao)清縣(xian)龍頭(tou)鎮(zhen)、小(xiao)城子鎮(zhen)、七星泡鎮(zhen)建立紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)生(sheng)產基(ji)(ji)地(di),把龍頭(tou)鎮(zhen)確定為(wei)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)良種(zhong)繁育(yu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)。
2000年(nian)以后,寶清縣(xian)紅小豆(dou)(dou)步入了發(fa)展的(de)快(kuai)車道。種(zhong)(zhong)植“寶清紅”紅小豆(dou)(dou)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)面(mian)積達到(dao)全縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植紅小豆(dou)(dou)總面(mian)積95%以上,同時,加強科學管(guan)理全面(mian)提高(gao)紅小豆(dou)(dou)的(de)產量和品(pin)質(zhi)。2000年(nian),全縣(xian)紅小豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積突破(po)了15萬畝,總產量達到(dao)1.8萬噸。
寶(bao)清(qing)(qing)縣(xian)紅(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆的(de)(de)產、銷和精深加(jia)工(gong)業均有了(le)較好(hao)發展,寶(bao)清(qing)(qing)縣(xian)先后組建了(le)部分小(xiao)(xiao)型紅(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆清(qing)(qing)選加(jia)工(gong)廠(chang),對紅(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆進行(xing)初加(jia)工(gong),通過清(qing)(qing)選、分級、包(bao)裝后,紅(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆被銷售(shou)到世界各地。寶(bao)清(qing)(qing)縣(xian)的(de)(de)紅(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆干沙加(jia)工(gong)廠(chang),把紅(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)豆加(jia)工(gong)成豆沙后銷售(shou),讓消費(fei)者省(sheng)去(qu)了(le)自(zi)己(ji)煮豆沙的(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu),可以(yi)開袋直(zhi)接制(zhi)作(zuo)面包(bao)、豆沙包(bao)等自(zi)己(ji)喜歡的(de)(de)食品。