產品特征
浦市(shi)鐵骨(gu)豬是湘西(xi)黑豬一個重(zhong)要類群;其骨(gu)質緊密(mi),堅硬(ying)如鐵,當地群眾俗(su)稱浦市(shi)鐵骨(gu)豬。該品種(zhong)原產于瀘(lu)溪縣浦市(shi)鎮,其全身被(bei)毛黑而密(mi),有“獅(shi)子頭”和“鯉魚頭”之分,屬肉脂(zhi)兼用(yong)型,體格(ge)較(jiao)大,繁殖力強,遺傳(chuan)性(xing)能(neng)穩定,耐粗食,抗(kang)逆性(xing)強,不易(yi)感染傳(chuan)染病。
產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
浦市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)(gu)豬產(chan)地(di)僅限于瀘(lu)溪縣,當(dang)地(di)農民飼養該品(pin)種(zhong)已有(you)400余年(nian),每當(dang)逢年(nian)過節,還是紅白(bai)喜(xi)事,人(ren)們都只用浦市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)(gu)豬豬首作禮品(pin)、祭品(pin),平常(chang)消費更(geng)喜(xi)歡(huan)購買浦市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)(gu)豬肉,而(er)不喜(xi)歡(huan)其他黑(hei)(hei)豬或白(bai)豬。浦市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)(gu)豬全身被毛(mao)黑(hei)(hei)而(er)密,頭(tou)(tou)頸輕秀,體(ti)形較大,體(ti)質強(qiang)壯(zhuang),結構勻稱,后軀(qu)較發達。浦市(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)骨(gu)(gu)豬頭(tou)(tou)大小適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),頭(tou)(tou)型分八卦頭(tou)(tou)(又稱獅子頭(tou)(tou))和鯉魚頭(tou)(tou)。耳中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)大,下垂(chui)(chui)遮眼。八卦頭(tou)(tou)嘴筒較大、稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)短(duan)(duan)而(er)微(wei)翹,額面較寬,皺多而(er)深(shen)。鯉魚頭(tou)(tou)嘴筒較尖、稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)而(er)平直(zhi)(zhi),額面稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)窄,皺少且淺。在(zai)軀(qu)干(gan)特征(zheng)上。八卦頭(tou)(tou)體(ti)軀(qu)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)短(duan)(duan),背(bei)微(wei)凹而(er)寬,腹(fu)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)大,下垂(chui)(chui)而(er)不拖(tuo)地(di);鯉魚頭(tou)(tou)體(ti)軀(qu)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang),背(bei)直(zhi)(zhi)而(er)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)窄,腹(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)大,腹(fu)線(xian)近(jin)于平直(zhi)(zhi)。四肢粗壯(zhuang),前、后肢均較直(zhi)(zhi),無臥系,管圍粗,蹄殼(ke)為黑(hei)(hei)色。尾較長(chang),尾端(duan)呈掃帚狀。乳頭(tou)(tou)粗長(chang)且排(pai)列勻稱,乳頭(tou)(tou)一般(ban)為12-18枚。
地域范圍
浦市(shi)鐵骨豬(zhu)產區瀘(lu)溪(xi)縣,位(wei)于湖南省西(xi)部,湘西(xi)自治州南端,東與(yu)沅陵、辰溪(xi)縣毗連,南與(yu)麻陽縣相(xiang)鄰,西(xi)與(yu)鳳凰縣、吉首(shou)市(shi)交界,北與(yu)古丈接壤(rang),地處東徑109°40′-110°14′,北緯27°24′-28°28′,年飼養(yang)浦市(shi)鐵骨豬(zhu)2.4萬頭,產量1460噸。現存欄(lan)公(gong)豬(zhu)8頭,能繁母豬(zhu)1200頭,主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)于瀘(lu)溪(xi)縣浦市(shi)鎮(zhen)、達嵐鎮(zhen)和合水(shui)鎮(zhen)。
鐵骨豬發展歷史
浦(pu)市鐵骨豬(zhu)發(fa)展歷史悠久。據瀘(lu)溪縣(xian)志記載,明末年間(jian),浦(pu)市航運便利,成為湘西重要(yao)商埠。因商業(ye)發(fa)展,移民繼往(wang),市民集聚(ju),食(shi)品消費量日增,使得(de)副(fu)食(shi)品加(jia)工興旺。大量的(de)(de)加(jia)工副(fu)產(chan)品和蔬菜(cai)、腳葉、殘羹剩湯(tang),泔(gan)水潲(shao)水,為發(fa)展養豬(zhu)提供了良(liang)好的(de)(de)物質(zhi)基礎,加(jia)之(zhi)市鎮(zhen)需求(qiu)肉食(shi)較多,仔豬(zhu)銷路廣,更促進了浦(pu)市黑豬(zhu)的(de)(de)形(xing)成和發(fa)展,到清道光、咸豐(feng)年間(jian)已培育成優(you)良(liang)品種。
在(zai)長期的(de)自然和(he)人(ren)工作用(yong)下(xia),浦市(shi)鐵(tie)骨豬成為最適于山(shan)區(qu)飼養的(de)優(you)良地方品種(zhong),是開(kai)展雜種(zhong)優(you)勢利(li)用(yong)和(he)培育(yu)新品種(zhong)、新品系時不可多得(de)的(de)育(yu)種(zhong)素材,是湖南省沅水中、下(xia)游流域和(he)湘西地區(qu)較好(hao)的(de)親本品種(zhong)。
特定生產方式
產(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特殊(shu)內(nei)容規(gui)(gui)定:瀘溪縣浦市鎮(zhen)(zhen)、達(da)嵐(lan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和(he)合(he)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)。品種選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特定要求。浦市鐵骨豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程管(guan)理(li),包括農業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)品方(fang)面的(de)特殊(shu)使(shi)用規(gui)(gui)定。豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場地址(zhi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)在交通方(fang)便、水源充(chong)足、地勢高燥、環境優美、無有害(hai)氣(qi)體、煙霧、沙塵及其(qi)(qi)他污(wu)染的(de)地區(qu)(qu)(qu),遠離工礦企業(ye)、機(ji)關、學校、醫院、居民(min)住宅區(qu)(qu)(qu)、飲用水源及其(qi)(qi)他公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共場所。場區(qu)(qu)(qu)實行生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、無害(hai)化處(chu)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)三區(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)離,相距(50-300m),凈(jing)(jing)道(dao)與(yu)污(wu)道(dao)分(fen)離,入(ru)場大(da)門(men)口(kou)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)門(men)入(ru)口(kou)和(he)無害(hai)化處(chu)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)門(men)口(kou)設(she)消(xiao)毒設(she)施(shi),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)對人畜安全(quan)、無毒性(xing)殘留(liu)、不(bu)破壞設(she)備、在豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體內(nei)不(bu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)有害(hai)積累的(de)消(xiao)毒藥物(wu)進行消(xiao)毒。道(dao)路(lu)鋪設(she)水泥地面,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舍坐北朝南,通風(feng)、干燥、明亮,具有防暑(shu)降(jiang)溫和(he)防寒(han)保暖功能。除(chu)哺乳母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外,其(qi)(qi)它豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群設(she)10平方(fang)米(mi)運動場,飲水符(fu)(fu)合(he)NY5027的(de)規(gui)(gui)定,飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)和(he)添加劑符(fu)(fu)合(he)NY5032。根(gen)據浦市鐵骨豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)同階(jie)段(duan)對營(ying)養的(de)需要配制飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)、飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)有玉(yu)米(mi)、豆粕、麥(mai)麩(fu)、米(mi)糠等,青(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)野(ye)菜、鵝(e)菜、蘿(luo)卜、白菜、紅薯(shu)藤等青(qing)(qing)綠(lv)多汁飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao),洗凈(jing)(jing)切(qie)碎后(hou)攔入(ru)混合(he)料(liao)(liao)中喂給。仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實行自由采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)全(quan)價飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)1.0-2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),青(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),妊娠(shen)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)全(quan)價飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)1.5-2.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),青(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),哺乳母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)全(quan)價飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)3.0-3.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),青(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),種公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)全(quan)價飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)2.0-2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),青(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)1.0-1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。