太陽能電動車怎么樣

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)是可再(zai)生(sheng)、可持續性(xing)發展的(de)戰(zhan)略能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。當(dang)華爾街風暴席卷全球時(shi)，各(ge)先進技術(shu)國(guo)家無不在(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域(yu)下賭注、投資(zi)(zi)本，以期獲得經(jing)濟(ji)復興。特別是以汽車(che)(che)產業為經(jing)濟(ji)支柱的(de)國(guo)家，尤其在(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)動力(li)上力(li)圖有(you)所創新(xin)和發展，如在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)、燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池汽車(che)(che)領域(yu)紛紛投入(ru)巨資(zi)(zi)，而在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)汽車(che)(che)領域(yu)更(geng)是探索不止(zhi)，力(li)度加大。由于(yu)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)是各(ge)種可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中最重要的(de)基(ji)本能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，通(tong)過轉換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置把(ba)太(tai)陽(yang)輻射(she)能(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)利(li)用，屬(shu)于(yu)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)。光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置通(tong)常(chang)是利(li)用半導體器件的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效(xiao)應(ying)原理進行(xing)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)(huan)的(de)，因此也稱太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)技術(shu)，又稱太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

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據報道(dao)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光伏技(ji)術不(bu)僅在(zai)先(xian)進技(ji)術國(guo)家得(de)到快速(su)(su)發展，中國(guo)的太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)產業也以每年20%~30%的速(su)(su)度增長。到2020年，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)領(ling)域(yu)的銷售(shou)額將增加(jia)一倍，屆(jie)時中國(guo)將有1%的能(neng)源消(xiao)耗來(lai)自太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)。今(jin)后幾年，我國(guo)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)使用(yong)不(bu)僅在(zai)能(neng)源領(ling)域(yu)會獲得(de)飛速(su)(su)發展，在(zai)汽(qi)車領(ling)域(yu)的應(ying)用(yong)也會得(de)到不(bu)斷的提(ti)高(gao)。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結(jie)構具有輕、小、巧(qiao)、美(mei)四大特性。車型輕，能大幅度減(jian)輕能源(yuan)的(de)消耗，降低成本；車身小，可(ke)在城市(shi)中心地(di)帶穿街(jie)走(zou)巷行駛（不超(chao)過兩人(ren)并(bing)排騎自行車占用的(de)道(dao)路面積(ji)），增加道(dao)路流量，改(gai)善交通狀況；結(jie)構設計(ji)巧(qiao)妙、實用、緊湊、堅固、耐(nai)用；流線型外觀，造型美(mei)觀大方(fang)。

2、以光(guang)、電(dian)代替油，可(ke)節(jie)約有限的(de)石油資源。白天(tian)，太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)把光(guang)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)自動存(cun)儲(chu)在動力(li)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)。在晚間或陰雨(yu)天(tian)，可(ke)以利用(yong)家用(yong)交流電(dian)（220V）進行充電(dian)，確保車輛照常行駛。

3、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，本發明(ming)的太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)，耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)少，只需采用(yong)3-4平(ping)米的太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池組件便可行駛起來(lai)。燃油汽車(che)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)過程中要遵守卡(ka)諾循(xun)環的規律來(lai)做功，熱效率比較低，約為12%-15%，只有1/3左右的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量用(yong)在(zai)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)輛(liang)前(qian)進上(shang)，其余(yu)2/3左右的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量損失(shi)在(zai)發動(dong)機和驅動(dong)鏈上(shang)；而太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)不受卡(ka)諾循(xun)環規律的限制(zhi)，熱效率要高得多，可達到34%-40%，90%的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量用(yong)于推(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)輛(liang)前(qian)進。

4、高度重視安(an)(an)(an)全問題，將(jiang)主動安(an)(an)(an)全性列為重要問題考慮，在車(che)身的(de)前部特別(bie)設(she)計(ji)內保(bao)險(xian)結構(gou)，保(bao)障(zhang)駕駛員(yuan)的(de)生命安(an)(an)(an)全，每個(ge)座(zuo)位上都設(she)有三點(dian)式安(an)(an)(an)全帶、座(zuo)椅(yi)頭枕。另外，前后保(bao)險(xian)杠(gang)、高位剎車(che)燈(deng)、轉向燈(deng)、前大燈(deng)、尾燈(deng)、后視鏡、安(an)(an)(an)全擋風玻璃、雨刮器等配置(zhi)一應俱全，而且還(huan)可(ke)以選裝(zhuang)兒童安(an)(an)(an)全座(zuo)椅(yi)等選配裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

5、作(zuo)為一種低速車，其設計、生產和安全標準(zhun)與傳統(tong)轎車相比毫不遜色。前后均有(you)獨立懸掛，四(si)輪(lun)鼓(gu)式制動，采用創新前橋和傳向系統(tong)，30km/h速度(du)到(dao)停(ting)止的剎車距離不超過7.3米。

6、無(wu)污染。因為(wei)不(bu)用燃(ran)油，本車不(bu)會排放污染大氣(qi)(qi)的(de)有害氣(qi)(qi)體。

7、無噪音。沒有(you)內燃(ran)機，行(xing)駛時不會聽到燃(ran)油汽車的轟鳴聲。

8、使用(yong)費用(yong)低(di)廉。車(che)上配有(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，有(you)兩路電(dian)源可向動力(li)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。有(you)太(tai)陽(yang)光時，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池組(zu)件通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)向動力(li)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，公(gong)里行(xing)駛成(cheng)本(ben)為零；無太(tai)陽(yang)光時，隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)都能(neng)(neng)用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)源，通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)向動力(li)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，公(gong)里行(xing)駛成(cheng)本(ben)為3分(fen)錢。

9、易駕(jia)駛。無需(xu)電子點火，只需(xu)踩(cai)踏(ta)加速板便可啟動，利(li)用控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)車速，勿(wu)需(xu)換檔、踩(cai)離合器，簡化了駕(jia)駛的復雜性，避免了因(yin)操(cao)作失誤(wu)而(er)造成(cheng)的事(shi)故隱患(huan)，安全性高(gao)。特別適合婦女(nv)和老年人駕(jia)駛。

10、方(fang)便。由于車(che)(che)身結(jie)構簡單(dan)，除了定(ding)期更換動力電池外，基本不需日常(chang)保(bao)養，省卻了傳統汽車(che)(che)必須經常(chang)更換機油、添加(jia)冷(leng)卻水等定(ding)期養護的(de)煩惱。小巧玲瓏(long)的(de)車(che)(che)身，可以輕而易舉地(di)將(jiang)車(che)(che)泊入擁擠不堪的(de)都市停車(che)(che)場。

11、太陽能電動車的最大優勢是環(huan)保(bao)、節能(neng)、安全、經濟，批量(liang)生產(chan)的成(cheng)本將(jiang)控制在(zai)人民幣5-6千(qian)元左右，其市(shi)場目標鎖定在(zai)普(pu)通百姓家庭，將(jiang)成(cheng)為中(zhong)國老百姓買得起、用得起、開(kai)得動的物美(mei)價廉(lian)的交通工具產(chan)品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適(shi)合為48V配置(zhi)的電(dian)動車(che)野(ye)外或行駛途(tu)中補充(chong)電(dian)源。

2、太陽能充電器可以實現一邊行(xing)駛(shi)、一邊充電，幫助電動(dong)車增加行(xing)程達50%以上(shang)。

3、太陽(yang)能充電器，既增強電動車(che)行駛、 爬坡的動力，又減輕電機的負載磨損。

4、太陽能充(chong)電(dian)器及時對放電(dian)狀態下的電(dian)動車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)補充(chong)電(dian)量，對于減輕蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板硫化，延長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命效果顯著。同時又能長(chang)期節省(sheng)電(dian)費開(kai)支，是降(jiang)低電(dian)動車(che)的使用(yong)成(cheng)本的好幫手。

5、太陽能充電器安裝方便(bian)，美觀適用(yong)，節能環保。

6、本產品使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)可達12年左右，應用(yong)價(jia)值很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電動車因具(ju)所選擇的元件(jian)不(bu)同(tong)，布置方案也有所不(bu)同(tong)。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方式容易(yi)實現，操作和(he)控制簡單。但能量損(sun)耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)高、噪聲(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)、整(zheng)車質量較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)、行(xing)駛速度較(jiao)(jiao)低、續駛里程較(jiao)(jiao)短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方式便于(yu)布(bu)置、較易(yi)驅動、質量輕、噪聲(sheng)小。但(dan)控制(zhi)相(xiang)對復雜，并有(you)一定的能(neng)量損(sun)耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動(dong)方式(shi)動(dong)力傳動(dong)系元件最(zui)(zui)少、結構最(zui)(zui)簡單、噪聲最(zui)(zui)低、車重(zhong)最(zui)(zui)輕、可控(kong)性(xing)好，但造(zao)價高，控(kong)制成(cheng)為關鍵問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟蹤器(qi)(qi)2被直接(jie)傳送到電(dian)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)中，驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)5旋轉，使車輛(liang)行(xing)駛。剩余電(dian)量由(you)(you)蓄電(dian)池儲存起來，以便太陽電(dian)池板電(dian)量不足或陰雨天氣時(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)。這一過程由(you)(you)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制。車輛(liang)的啟動(dong)(dong)、加速、轉向、制動(dong)(dong)由(you)(you)駕(jia)駛員(yuan)操縱。

太陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)是一種(zhong)對光有(you)響(xiang)應并能(neng)將光轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)器件裝(zhuang)置。能(neng)產生(sheng)光伏效應的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料有(you)許(xu)多(duo)種(zhong)，如單(dan)晶硅(gui)、多(duo)晶硅(gui)、非晶硅(gui)、砷化(hua)鎵、硒銦銅(tong)等(deng)，它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)原理基本(ben)相同。以晶體為(wei)例：P型(xing)晶體硅(gui)經過(guo)摻雜磷(lin)可(ke)得N型(xing)硅(gui)，形(xing)成(cheng)P-N結。當光線照射太陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面時，一部(bu)分光子被(bei)硅(gui)材(cai)(cai)料吸收，光子的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量傳遞給了硅(gui)原子，使(shi)電(dian)子產生(sheng)了躍遷(qian)，成(cheng)為(wei)自由電(dian)子，在P-N結兩側集驟形(xing)成(cheng)了電(dian)位差(cha)，當外(wai)(wai)部(bu)電(dian)路(lu)接通(tong)時，在該(gai)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下，將會有(you)電(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)電(dian)路(lu)，從而產生(sheng)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)功率(lv)。這個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實質是：光子能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。太陽能(neng)陣列(lie)電(dian)池(chi)板是由光敏半導體材(cai)(cai)料制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，大多(duo)使(shi)用(yong)硅(gui)化(hua)合物。

根據所用材(cai)料(liao)的(de)不(bu)同，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板可分(fen)為(wei)：硅太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)；以(yi)無機鹽如砷化(hua)鎵III-V化(hua)合物、硫(liu)化(hua)鎘(ge)、硒銦(yin)銅等多元化(hua)合物為(wei)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)；功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高分(fen)子(zi)材(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)備的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)；和納米晶(jing)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。不(bu)論以(yi)何(he)種材(cai)料(liao)來制(zhi)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，對太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)材(cai)料(liao)一般的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)有：半導體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)禁帶不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)寬；要(yao)有較高的(de)光電(dian)(dian)轉換效率；材(cai)料(liao)本身對環境(jing)不(bu)造成(cheng)污(wu)染；材(cai)料(liao)便于(yu)工業化(hua)生產且材(cai)料(liao)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)。基于(yu)以(yi)上幾個方面考(kao)慮(lv)，硅是(shi)最理想(xiang)的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)材(cai)料(liao)，這(zhe)也是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板以(yi)硅材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)是(shi)(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心部分(fen)，也是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)價值最高的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)。其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)輻射能量轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，或(huo)送往蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)存儲(chu)起(qi)來(lai)，或(huo)推動負載(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能組件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)質量和成(cheng)本(ben)將直接決定(ding)整(zheng)個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質量和成(cheng)本(ben)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)管理和控制(zhi)整(zheng)個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，并對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池起(qi)到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)、過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，與純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源控制(zhi)管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)具有相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)溫差較大的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，合格的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)器還應具備溫度補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)功能。其它附加功能如光控、時(shi)控等(deng)應當都是(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)可選項。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有光照時(shi)將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)所提供出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能儲(chu)存起(qi)來(lai)，到需要的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候再釋放出來(lai)。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池組件是由單(dan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池拼接組成(cheng)，或由折疊式支架拼接組成(cheng)陣列。因為單(dan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池（如硅電(dian)(dian)池）的電(dian)(dian)壓太(tai)(tai)(tai)低，所以都要把它們串、并聯(lian)構成(cheng)有(you)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)價值的光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池板，陣列成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)元，然后根據(ju)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)要求，再由多個(ge)(ge)(ge)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)元的串、并聯(lian)組成(cheng)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池板的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)組件。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池組是太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池的儲(chu)能(neng)裝置，在夜(ye)間或光(guang)(guang)照不足及負(fu)載消(xiao)耗超出光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量時，由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池組向負(fu)載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。為了(le)減輕(qing)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)的重量，應(ying)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)高能(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池組。

太陽能電動汽車與燃油汽(qi)車(che)在動(dong)(dong)力(li)結構上有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，但與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構卻(que)有許多相同(tong)之處。所(suo)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式必(bi)須(xu)依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，而(er)(er)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)來自于太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，而(er)(er)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)背負巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)(ban)。當(dang)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)(ban)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與控(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)(he)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)連(lian)接后，再(zai)由另(ling)一(yi)端連(lian)接負載，負載就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機（驅動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)）。一(yi)般在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)，被轉換的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通過控(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)直運送到負載，而(er)(er)在停駛或太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)足(zu)時(shi)(shi)，剩(sheng)余部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲(chu)(chu)存起(qi)來，當(dang)太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)時(shi)(shi)，由太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)向負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當(dang)汽(qi)車(che)減速或剎車(che)時(shi)(shi)，還(huan)應設計(ji)“回授(shou)性(xing)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)”，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量通過控(kong)制(zhi)器，將發動(dong)(dong)機變成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，反向進入蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)儲(chu)(chu)存。用互(hu)補式不(bu)(bu)間斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，改(gai)變嚴重依賴天氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光(guang)(guang)強(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)負載。太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)池是一種光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉換裝置，其輸(shu)出功率的(de)(de)大小取(qu)決于光(guang)(guang)照的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)，要拼裝多大的(de)(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)池組件主要取(qu)決于能(neng)夠接(jie)受光(guang)(guang)照的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)及所用(yong)負載的(de)(de)大小。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上可以由蓄電池(chi)向負載供電，為了(le)減輕系統(tong)重要，最好選用高比能量的蓄電池(chi)。

三是機(ji)械(xie)強(qiang)(qiang)。考慮到(dao)電動汽車的整(zheng)個供(gong)電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)都是在運動和(he)運行中使(shi)用(yong)，必須考慮系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的機(ji)械(xie)強(qiang)(qiang)度，耐腐蝕性，耐氣(qi)候變化等各(ge)種因素。太(tai)陽能光(guang)伏電池(chi)組(zu)陣列應采(cai)取高強(qiang)(qiang)度鋼化玻璃(li)外(wai)殼(ke)，支架系(xi)(xi)統(tong)應采(cai)用(yong)高強(qiang)(qiang)度材(cai)料。使(shi)整(zheng)個供(gong)電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有(you)便于運行、重量輕(qing)、效率高、可靠性好、造(zao)價低等優勢。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板是將太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)量(liang)轉變(bian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，是因為光(guang)(guang)子在日光(guang)(guang)下(xia)產(chan)生(sheng)能(neng)量(liang)帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子從一個(ge)(ge)半運動(dong)的(de)金屬(shu)粒子的(de)一層轉移(yi)到另(ling)一層面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子的(de)運動(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)了通用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板可以(yi)由(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉化率、能(neng)量(liang)比大(da)小來選擇。由(you)(you)于許多獨立(li)的(de)硅片被組合，形成龐(pang)大(da)的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)陣列(lie)，并產(chan)生(sheng)能(neng)夠(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車驅動(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)還必須達到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、高功(gong)率的(de)程度，這(zhe)就要(yao)有一個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)的(de)系統(tong)(tong)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)控制系統(tong)(tong)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)心(xin)臟部(bu)位就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，而(er)(er)運行系(xi)統(tong)基(ji)本上是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機來(lai)組(zu)成(cheng)。而(er)(er)在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上其控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)不僅僅控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），還要增加(jia)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所供應(ying)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)飽和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基(ji)本相同(tong)，可以直(zhi)接耦合，在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)功率充(chong)足時(shi)(shi)，多余的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)進入儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率不足時(shi)(shi)由(you)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完(wan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)任(ren)務。這(zhe)些，必須由(you)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)。控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)就(jiu)是對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程進行控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)保護，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)保證對(dui)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)正常(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)其對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)。最簡單的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)也應(ying)該起到以下三個(ge)方面的(de)(de)作用：

一是按照(zhao)使用要求給出(chu)穩定的(de)電壓、電流；

二是(shi)蓄電池過充電或過放(fang)電時(shi)可以報警(jing)或自動切斷電路；

三是負載發生短路時可以自動切斷電源電路。

控(kong)制(zhi)系統是控(kong)制(zhi)太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣(zhen)列(lie)板對蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)以(yi)及蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)對負載的(de)(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)過(guo)程，實現對太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學管(guan)理，指(zhi)示蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)運行狀態，具(ju)有兩路(lu)負載輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理，或(huo)兩路(lu)負載可以(yi)隨意設置為同(tong)時(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)、分(fen)(fen)時(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)或(huo)單獨(du)工(gong)作(zuo)等(deng)模式，同(tong)時(shi)具(ju)有負載過(guo)流(liu)、短路(lu)保護(hu)功能(neng)，具(ju)有較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)自動化(hua)和智能(neng)化(hua)水平。其硬件結構主要(yao)由(you)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)采(cai)集電(dian)路(lu)、負載輸出控(kong)制(zhi)與檢測電(dian)路(lu)、指(zhi)示或(huo)顯(xian)示電(dian)路(lu)及鍵盤電(dian)路(lu)等(deng)部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)采(cai)集電(dian)路(lu)包(bao)括(kuo)太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板和蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)采(cai)集，用于太陽(yang)光(guang)線(xian)強弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)識(shi)別(bie)以(yi)及蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獲取等(deng)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)利(li)用子(zi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)控制(zhi)功能對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，若太陽能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，控制(zhi)器將(jiang)關(guan)斷(duan)負載(zai)，以保(bao)(bao)證負載(zai)不被損傷，當(dang)(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)斷(duan)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓掉至維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進入浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，當(dang)(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低(di)于(yu)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)，啟動(dong)的(de)應當(dang)(dang)是均充(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。當(dang)(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)(shi)，控制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)應當(dang)(dang)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)閉負載(zai)開關(guan)，以保(bao)(bao)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不受(shou)損壞。在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負載(zai)關(guan)閉后，有兩路(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可選擇使用，在(zai)太陽光照較強(qiang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)啟動(dong)太陽能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使其發揮更大(da)功效，或使用外充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進行快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)軟件設計(ji)與硬件電(dian)路是(shi)相(xiang)對應的(de)，包(bao)括(kuo)有主程(cheng)序(xu)、定時(shi)中斷程(cheng)序(xu)、A/D轉換(huan)子(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、外(wai)部轉換(huan)子(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)及(ji)鍵盤處理(li)(li)子(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、充放電(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)子(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、負載管(guan)理(li)(li)子(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)等。作為太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)“心臟(zang)”——電(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統，不僅僅需要具(ju)備基(ji)本(ben)的(de)電(dian)力控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，還要能(neng)(neng)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)念，也就是(shi)達到“一體(ti)化”控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，并實現(xian)(xian)(xian)“智能(neng)(neng)化”的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力，在(zai)(zai)基(ji)本(ben)電(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統基(ji)礎上(shang)，“智能(neng)(neng)化”的(de)電(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統是(shi)以(yi)電(dian)子(zi)模(mo)(mo)塊為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中心，增加了以(yi)鍵盤輸入、遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)及(ji)液晶(jing)顯示組成的(de)人工界面(mian)模(mo)(mo)塊，還增加了以(yi)安全報警模(mo)(mo)塊，在(zai)(zai)內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算法還可采取模(mo)(mo)糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)或其它智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算法實現(xian)(xian)(xian)，此外(wai)還可以(yi)使(shi)用預(yu)留可擴展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)塊.

太陽能電動車充電器介紹

太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組，要根據光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)來合(he)理選擇蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的容量(liang)，以便(bian)在陰雨(yu)天及(ji)晚上可以由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組向負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。那么(me)具體(ti)選擇何種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，不(bu)能不(bu)做各種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性能的綜(zong)合(he)分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)經(jing)歷(li)是(shi)從鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)開始的(de)(de)(de)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)歷(li)了100余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)(zai)人們研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了鎳氫動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)繼而(er)又研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了鋰動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之后，便(bian)被(bei)業內猜測該退出(chu)歷(li)史舞臺了。然(ran)而(er)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)仍然(ran)是(shi)大(da)量(liang)生產的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系列(lie)。鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)作(zuo)為比(bi)較成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技術雖然(ran)比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)、比(bi)功率和能(neng)(neng)量(liang)密度都比(bi)較低(di)，但(dan)是(shi)高的(de)(de)(de)性價(jia)比(bi)及(ji)(ji)高倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然(ran)成(cheng)(cheng)為唯一能(neng)(neng)大(da)批(pi)量(liang)生產的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，其主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于大(da)量(liang)進入市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)。但(dan)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)尚存在(zai)(zai)續駛里(li)程(cheng)短，使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)差(cha)、及(ji)(ji)體積(ji)大(da)、質量(liang)重、不(bu)環保等缺點，不(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)上受(shou)到(dao)阻礙(ai)，想(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)為太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)范(fan)疇(chou)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)其難度是(shi)可想(xiang)而(er)知的(de)(de)(de)。

鎳氫(qing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池出現以(yi)前，曾在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)廣(guang)泛試用(yong)，其比能量(liang)達(da)到(dao)75~80Wh/kg，比功率達(da)160~230w/kg，循環使(shi)用(yong)壽命超過(guo)600次。由于鎳氫(qing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)安全性(xing)方面較有(you)優勢，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)混合(he)動(dong)力汽車(che)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)方面已經達(da)到(dao)趨(qu)于成熟的(de)(de)境界。應(ying)用(yong)比較好的(de)(de)汽車(che)廠商如日本豐田(tian)、美(mei)國通用(yong)等公(gong)司。但鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)價(jia)格上(shang)遠高于鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，以(yi)及能量(liang)密(mi)度低于鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，所(suo)以(yi)，難以(yi)成為太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)首選蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是通過(guo)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板給予充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)（在光照不足時(shi)也可以通過(guo)外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)）。為了最大(da)限度地降(jiang)低整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)，方便電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)，選擇大(da)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)倍率蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，是太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳選擇。雖然鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)相比(bi)(bi)有所增加(jia)，但在相同容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，比(bi)(bi)采(cai)用鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)減輕(qing)4倍以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)，因為鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、循(xun)環壽命、自放電(dian)(dian)率及環保諸多方面都具有優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可達150Wh/kg，是鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍以上，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍以上。由于比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)分(fen)之一，從這個(ge)角度分(fen)析鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)資源就(jiu)少(shao)。由于鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)所用元素的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)多，資源較(jiao)豐(feng)富，因此，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會進一步漲價，鋰蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本(ben)反而(er)會進一步降(jiang)低。

太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采用(yong)(yong)鋰(li)離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)減輕(qing)重量，提高整個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)便性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。另外(wai)(wai)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)單位體積能(neng)(neng)(neng)量很(hen)大，高達(da)400Wh/L，相同容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)體積是(shi)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)到四分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，為(wei)(wei)進行輕(qing)巧、靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計要求提供了(le)更為(wei)(wei)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計空(kong)(kong)間。另外(wai)(wai)鋰(li)離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反復(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命(ming)長(chang)，單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環次數可(ke)(ke)達(da)1500次以上(shang)。作為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組如(ru)果有(you)(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，在(zai)(zai)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)達(da)到均衡程度，仍然可(ke)(ke)達(da)1000次以上(shang)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)常常可(ke)(ke)以浮(fu)充或(huo)淺放，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組壽命(ming)不(bu)會像(xiang)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車那樣短(duan)。鋰(li)離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)個優點是(shi)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低，這在(zai)(zai)連續陰天(tian)和(he)在(zai)(zai)夜間蓄(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)都有(you)(you)相當大的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處，可(ke)(ke)以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量保持60%~80%計算，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)年限應(ying)不(bu)低于3~5年，壽命(ming)相當于鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍左右(you)。由于鋰(li)離子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)含鉛和(he)鎘等重金屬，被業內稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)綠色環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨著我國(guo)鋰(li)離子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提高，特(te)別在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、管(guan)(guan)理、控(kong)制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破并會不(bu)斷提高水平，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)也(ye)(ye)會越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)長(chang)，性(xing)價比也(ye)(ye)會越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)優勢，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)會越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)廣泛。鋰(li)離子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上(shang)、純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上(shang)，和(he)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)汽(qi)(qi)車得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，還會在(zai)(zai)航空(kong)(kong)、航海等領域得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)所(suo)在(zai)就是(shi)驅動(dong)。太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)當然也(ye)(ye)在(zai)于此。無(wu)論(lun)采用(yong)何(he)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)當然也(ye)(ye)在(zai)于此。無(wu)論(lun)采用(yong)何(he)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)負載(zai)，其設計(ji)和使用(yong)目標都(dou)是(shi)為滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行駛需要(yao)。由于直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，早期開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)大多采用(yong)了直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。近代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術和控(kong)制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，交流(liu)(liu)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、永(yong)磁(ci)無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、開關阻磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)范圍逐步擴大、性(xing)能(neng)(neng)越來(lai)越完善，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)由這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)所(suo)取代(dai)。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)取代(dai)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

大多數太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是雙線(xian)圈(quan)交流無(wu)刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，這種(zhong)交流無(wu)刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)是輕質材料制造(zao)，非常適合(he)于(yu)太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，在額定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒(miao)轉(zhuan)速(su)）達(da)到99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)效率(lv)。這比(bi)以前使(shi)用(yong)直接(jie)引導式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)傳送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)先進。這種(zhong)傳送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)也稱(cheng)其為(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。這種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統還有(you)選用(yong)傳統汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)速(su)器、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸、后橋(qiao)和半軸等(deng)部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)通過鏈條和履帶(dai)同(tong)一(yi)個單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，與車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)鏈接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引導式(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)比(bi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)先進了(le)一(yi)步。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還使(shi)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)履帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)傳送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)給車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這種(zhong)變(bian)頻(pin)履帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需(xu)要(yao)精確地(di)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)(zhi)。2013年，太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)多齒輪(lun)傳送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)已經被淘汰，雙線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。在雙線(xian)圈(quan)之間轉(zhuan)換改變(bian)了(le)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度，低速(su)線(xian)圈(quan)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)太陽能(neng)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和減速(su)提(ti)(ti)供高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)力(li)矩，而高速(su)線(xian)圈(quan)則為(wei)(wei)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)供高效率(lv)和最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)效果(guo)。特別在軸式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設計(ji)中，一(yi)個軸式(shi)(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)去除了(le)許多外加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳送(song)(song)設備，這大大提(ti)(ti)高了(le)駕駛車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)，縮(suo)減了(le)用(yong)于(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)而需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)形(xing)成獨(du)特的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，使結構(gou)更(geng)加緊湊，是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)主要驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)。而輪(lun)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機直(zhi)接裝在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)車輪(lun)里，用(yong)來直(zhi)接驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)。這種(zhong)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)不但提高了傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)，不占電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)本身和(he)底盤空(kong)間，而且減少了車輛的(de)(de)懸掛(gua)重(zhong)量，截(jie)止2013年，所有電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車主要采取的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)(she)計(ji)方案(an)。輪(lun)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統可以(yi)兩輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，也可以(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)四輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)太陽能電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)中應該(gai)是最(zui)佳驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方案(an)。