太陽能電動(dong)車怎么樣

太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)可(ke)再生、可(ke)持續性發展的戰略能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)。當華爾街風(feng)暴席卷(juan)全球時，各先進(jin)技術國(guo)家無(wu)不(bu)在新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領域下賭注、投資(zi)本，以期(qi)獲得(de)經(jing)濟復(fu)興。特別是(shi)以汽(qi)車(che)產業為經(jing)濟支柱的國(guo)家，尤其在新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)動力(li)上(shang)力(li)圖有所創新和發展，如在電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)、燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)汽(qi)車(che)領域紛紛投入巨(ju)資(zi)，而在太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)汽(qi)車(che)領域更(geng)是(shi)探索不(bu)止，力(li)度加(jia)大。由于(yu)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)各種可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)中最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)的基本能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，通(tong)過轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝置(zhi)把太陽(yang)輻射能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)用，屬(shu)于(yu)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光發電(dian)技術。光電(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝置(zhi)通(tong)常是(shi)利(li)用半導(dao)體器件(jian)的光伏效(xiao)應原理進(jin)行光電(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)的，因此也稱太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏技術，又稱太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)池(chi)。

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據(ju)報道，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏技術不(bu)(bu)僅在先進技術國(guo)家得(de)到(dao)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，中國(guo)的太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)產業(ye)也以每年(nian)20%~30%的速度增(zeng)長。到(dao)2020年(nian)，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)領域(yu)的銷售額將(jiang)增(zeng)加一倍(bei)，屆時中國(guo)將(jiang)有(you)1%的能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)來自太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)。今后(hou)幾年(nian)，我國(guo)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)使用不(bu)(bu)僅在能(neng)(neng)源領域(yu)會(hui)獲(huo)得(de)飛速發(fa)展(zhan)，在汽(qi)車領域(yu)的應用也會(hui)得(de)到(dao)不(bu)(bu)斷的提高。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結構具(ju)有(you)輕、小(xiao)、巧(qiao)(qiao)、美四大特性(xing)。車(che)型(xing)(xing)輕，能大幅度減輕能源(yuan)的(de)消耗，降(jiang)低成本；車(che)身小(xiao)，可在城市中心(xin)地(di)帶穿街(jie)走巷行駛(shi)（不(bu)超過(guo)兩人并排騎(qi)自行車(che)占(zhan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)道路面積），增加道路流(liu)量，改善交通狀況(kuang)；結構設計巧(qiao)(qiao)妙(miao)、實(shi)用(yong)(yong)、緊湊、堅固、耐用(yong)(yong)；流(liu)線型(xing)(xing)外觀(guan)(guan)，造型(xing)(xing)美觀(guan)(guan)大方。

2、以光(guang)、電(dian)(dian)代替(ti)油，可節約有限的石油資源。白天，太陽能電(dian)(dian)池把光(guang)能轉換為電(dian)(dian)能自動存(cun)儲在動力電(dian)(dian)池中。在晚(wan)間(jian)或陰雨天，可以利用(yong)家用(yong)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)（220V）進行充電(dian)(dian)，確保車輛(liang)照常行駛。

3、節能，本(ben)發(fa)明的太陽(yang)能電動車(che)，耗能少，只需采(cai)用3-4平(ping)米的太陽(yang)能電池組件便(bian)可行駛起來(lai)。燃油汽車(che)在能量轉換(huan)過程中要(yao)遵守卡(ka)諾(nuo)循環(huan)的規(gui)律來(lai)做功(gong)，熱(re)效率比較低，約為(wei)12%-15%，只有(you)1/3左右(you)的能量用在推動車(che)輛(liang)前(qian)進(jin)上，其余(yu)2/3左右(you)的能量損失(shi)在發(fa)動機和驅動鏈上；而太陽(yang)能電動車(che)的能量轉換(huan)不(bu)受卡(ka)諾(nuo)循環(huan)規(gui)律的限制，熱(re)效率要(yao)高得多，可達(da)到34%-40%，90%的能量用于(yu)推動車(che)輛(liang)前(qian)進(jin)。

4、高度重視(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)(wen)題，將主動(dong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性列為重要(yao)問(wen)(wen)題考慮，在車(che)身的前部特(te)別設計內保(bao)險(xian)結構，保(bao)障駕駛員的生命安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，每個座(zuo)位上都設有三點(dian)式(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶、座(zuo)椅頭(tou)枕(zhen)。另外，前后(hou)保(bao)險(xian)杠、高位剎車(che)燈(deng)、轉向燈(deng)、前大(da)燈(deng)、尾燈(deng)、后(hou)視(shi)鏡(jing)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)擋風玻璃、雨刮(gua)器等(deng)配(pei)置一應俱(ju)全(quan)(quan)，而(er)且(qie)還可以(yi)選(xuan)裝兒童安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)座(zuo)椅等(deng)選(xuan)配(pei)裝置。

5、作為一種低速(su)車(che)(che)，其設計(ji)、生(sheng)產和安全(quan)標準與傳(chuan)統轎車(che)(che)相比毫不(bu)遜(xun)色。前后均有獨立懸(xuan)掛，四輪(lun)鼓式制動，采(cai)用創新(xin)前橋和傳(chuan)向系統，30km/h速(su)度到停止的剎車(che)(che)距(ju)離不(bu)超過7.3米。

6、無污染。因(yin)為不用燃油，本車不會排放污染大氣(qi)的有害氣(qi)體。

7、無噪音。沒有內燃機，行駛時不會聽到(dao)燃油汽車的轟鳴(ming)聲(sheng)。

8、使用(yong)費用(yong)低廉。車上配有(you)(you)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)，有(you)(you)兩路電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可向動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)時(shi)，太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)通過充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)向動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行駛成(cheng)本為零；無太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)時(shi)，隨時(shi)隨地都能用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)向動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行駛成(cheng)本為3分錢。

9、易駕駛(shi)。無需(xu)電子點火(huo)，只需(xu)踩(cai)踏加速板便可(ke)啟動，利(li)用控制器控制車速，勿需(xu)換檔、踩(cai)離合(he)器，簡化了駕駛(shi)的(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，避(bi)免了因(yin)操作(zuo)失誤而造(zao)成的(de)(de)事故隱患，安全性(xing)高。特別(bie)適合(he)婦(fu)女和(he)老年人(ren)駕駛(shi)。

10、方便。由于(yu)車(che)身結構簡單，除了定(ding)期(qi)更換動力電(dian)池外，基本不(bu)需(xu)日常保養(yang)(yang)，省卻了傳統汽車(che)必(bi)須經常更換機油、添加冷卻水等定(ding)期(qi)養(yang)(yang)護的(de)煩惱。小巧(qiao)玲瓏的(de)車(che)身，可以(yi)輕而易舉地(di)將車(che)泊入擁擠不(bu)堪的(de)都市(shi)停車(che)場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)最大優勢是環保、節能、安全(quan)、經濟，批量生產(chan)的(de)成(cheng)本將控制在人民(min)幣(bi)5-6千元左右，其市場(chang)目標鎖定在普通百姓家庭，將成(cheng)為(wei)中國老百姓買得(de)起(qi)(qi)、用(yong)得(de)起(qi)(qi)、開得(de)動的(de)物美價廉(lian)的(de)交通工具產(chan)品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合為(wei)48V配置的電動(dong)車野(ye)外或行駛途中補充(chong)電源。

2、太陽能充電器可以實現一邊(bian)行駛、一邊(bian)充電(dian)，幫助電(dian)動車(che)增加行程達(da)50%以上。

3、太陽(yang)能(neng)充電(dian)器(qi)，既增強電(dian)動(dong)車行駛、 爬(pa)坡的動(dong)力，又減輕電(dian)機的負載磨(mo)損。

4、太陽能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器及時(shi)(shi)對放電(dian)(dian)狀態下的電(dian)(dian)動車蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)量，對于減(jian)輕蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板硫化，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命效果顯著。同時(shi)(shi)又能(neng)長期節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)費開支(zhi)，是降低電(dian)(dian)動車的使用成本的好幫(bang)手。

5、太陽能(neng)充電器安裝方便，美觀適用，節(jie)能(neng)環保。

6、本產品使用壽命可(ke)達12年(nian)左右，應用價值很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電動車因(yin)具所(suo)選擇的元件不同(tong)，布置方案也有所(suo)不同(tong)。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方式容易實現，操作和控制簡單(dan)。但能量損耗較(jiao)高、噪聲較(jiao)大(da)、整車質(zhi)量較(jiao)重、行駛(shi)速度較(jiao)低、續駛(shi)里程較(jiao)短(duan)。

2、減速驅動方式

這種(zhong)方式便于布置、較易驅(qu)動、質量輕、噪聲小。但控制(zhi)相對復雜，并有一定(ding)的能量損耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動方式動力傳動系元件最(zui)少(shao)、結構最(zui)簡單、噪聲最(zui)低(di)、車重最(zui)輕、可控性好，但造價高，控制(zhi)成(cheng)為關鍵問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟蹤器2被直接傳送到電(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)器中，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)5旋轉，使(shi)車輛行駛。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)量由(you)(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)儲存起(qi)來(lai)，以便太陽電(dian)池(chi)板(ban)電(dian)量不足或陰雨天氣時驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)。這一過程由(you)(you)控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)。車輛的啟動(dong)(dong)、加速、轉向(xiang)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)由(you)(you)駕駛員(yuan)操縱。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)對(dui)光(guang)(guang)有響應并能(neng)(neng)將光(guang)(guang)轉換成(cheng)電(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)器件裝置。能(neng)(neng)產生光(guang)(guang)伏效應的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料有許(xu)多種(zhong)，如單(dan)晶硅(gui)(gui)、多晶硅(gui)(gui)、非(fei)晶硅(gui)(gui)、砷(shen)化鎵、硒(xi)銦(yin)銅等，它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)原理基(ji)本相同。以晶體為例：P型晶體硅(gui)(gui)經過摻雜磷可得(de)N型硅(gui)(gui)，形成(cheng)P-N結(jie)。當光(guang)(guang)線(xian)照射太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列板的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面時，一(yi)部分光(guang)(guang)子被硅(gui)(gui)材料吸收，光(guang)(guang)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量傳遞給了硅(gui)(gui)原子，使電(dian)子產生了躍遷(qian)，成(cheng)為自由(you)電(dian)子，在P-N結(jie)兩側集(ji)驟形成(cheng)了電(dian)位差，當外部電(dian)路接(jie)通時，在該電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)，將會(hui)有電(dian)流流過外部電(dian)路，從(cong)而產生一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功率。這個過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)實質(zhi)是(shi)：光(guang)(guang)子能(neng)(neng)量轉換成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)陣列電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板是(shi)由(you)光(guang)(guang)敏半導體材料制成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，大(da)多使用硅(gui)(gui)化合物(wu)。

根據(ju)所(suo)用(yong)材料的(de)不同(tong)，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板可分(fen)為(wei)：硅太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；以(yi)無機鹽如砷化(hua)(hua)鎵III-V化(hua)(hua)合物、硫化(hua)(hua)鎘、硒銦(yin)銅等(deng)(deng)多元化(hua)(hua)合物為(wei)材料的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；功能(neng)高(gao)分(fen)子材料制備(bei)的(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；和納米晶太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)(deng)。不論以(yi)何種(zhong)材料來制作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，對太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)材料一般(ban)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)有：半(ban)導體材料的(de)禁(jin)帶不能(neng)太寬；要(yao)有較高(gao)的(de)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換效率；材料本身對環境不造成污染；材料便于工業化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產且(qie)材料性(xing)能(neng)穩(wen)定。基于以(yi)上幾個方(fang)面考慮，硅是最(zui)理想的(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)材料，這也是太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板以(yi)硅材料為(wei)主的(de)主要(yao)原因。

太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)核心部(bu)(bu)分，也是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中價值最高(gao)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分。其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)將太(tai)(tai)陽的(de)(de)輻射能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，或送(song)往(wang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中存(cun)(cun)儲起來(lai)，或推動負載工作(zuo)(zuo)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)中的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和成(cheng)本(ben)將直接決定整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和成(cheng)本(ben)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)控制器(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)管理和控制整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，并對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)起到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護、過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，與純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動源(yuan)控制管理系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有相同的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。在溫(wen)差較(jiao)大的(de)(de)地方，合格的(de)(de)控制器(qi)還應(ying)具(ju)備溫(wen)度補償(chang)的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。其它附加功能(neng)(neng)(neng)如光控、時(shi)控等應(ying)當都是(shi)控制器(qi)的(de)(de)可(ke)選項(xiang)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)在有光照時(shi)將太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)所提供(gong)(gong)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)儲存(cun)(cun)起來(lai)，到需要的(de)(de)時(shi)候再釋放出來(lai)。

太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件(jian)是由(you)單個(ge)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)拼接組(zu)成(cheng)，或由(you)折疊式支架拼接組(zu)成(cheng)陣列(lie)。因為(wei)單個(ge)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（如硅(gui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓太低，所以都要(yao)把它們串(chuan)、并聯構(gou)成(cheng)有實用(yong)價值的(de)(de)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板，陣列(lie)成(cheng)一個(ge)應用(yong)單元，然后根據(ju)供電(dian)(dian)要(yao)求，再由(you)多個(ge)應用(yong)單元的(de)(de)串(chuan)、并聯組(zu)成(cheng)整個(ge)太陽(yang)能(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)組(zu)件(jian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)是太陽(yang)能(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)儲能(neng)裝置，在夜間(jian)或光照(zhao)不足及(ji)負(fu)載(zai)消耗超出光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)量時(shi)，由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)向負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了減輕整個(ge)系統的(de)(de)重(zhong)量，應采用(yong)高能(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與(yu)(yu)燃油汽(qi)車(che)(che)在(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力結構上有很大的(de)不同，但(dan)與(yu)(yu)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)結構卻(que)有許(xu)多相(xiang)同之處。所不同的(de)是純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)必須依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，而(er)(er)太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能裝(zhuang)置(zhi)來自于(yu)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，而(er)(er)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)不必背負(fu)巨大的(de)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板。當(dang)太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，與(yu)(yu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)儲(chu)能裝(zhuang)置(zhi)連接(jie)后，再由另(ling)一(yi)端(duan)連接(jie)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，負(fu)載(zai)(zai)就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機（驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)）。一(yi)般在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)運行時，被轉換的(de)太陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)直運送到負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，而(er)(er)在(zai)停駛(shi)或太陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)足時，剩余部分的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能向蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲(chu)存(cun)起來，當(dang)太陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)不足時，由太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)同時向負(fu)載(zai)(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當(dang)汽(qi)車(che)(che)減(jian)速(su)或剎(cha)車(che)(che)時，還應設(she)計“回授(shou)性(xing)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)”，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能量通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器，將(jiang)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機變成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，反向進入(ru)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行儲(chu)存(cun)。用互補式(shi)不間斷(duan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，改變嚴重依賴天氣的(de)缺陷(xian)，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)性(xing)能。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光(guang)強(qiang)與負(fu)載。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電池(chi)是一種光(guang)電轉換裝置，其(qi)輸出功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小取(qu)決于(yu)光(guang)照的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度，要(yao)拼(pin)裝多大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電池(chi)組件主要(yao)取(qu)決于(yu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)接受(shou)光(guang)照的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度及(ji)所用(yong)負(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)，以便在陰雨天(tian)及晚上(shang)可以由蓄(xu)電池向負載供電，為了減(jian)輕系(xi)統重要，最好選用高比能量(liang)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電池。

三是機(ji)械(xie)強(qiang)。考慮(lv)到電(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)整(zheng)個供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統都是在運動和運行中使用(yong)，必須考慮(lv)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)機(ji)械(xie)強(qiang)度(du)(du)，耐腐蝕(shi)性，耐氣(qi)候(hou)變化等各種(zhong)因素。太陽能光伏電(dian)(dian)池組陣列應采取高強(qiang)度(du)(du)鋼化玻璃(li)外殼，支(zhi)架系(xi)(xi)統應采用(yong)高強(qiang)度(du)(du)材(cai)料。使整(zheng)個供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統具有(you)便于運行、重量輕、效率高、可靠性好、造(zao)價(jia)低等優勢。

太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板是將太(tai)陽能(neng)量轉變為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，是因為光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)在日光(guang)(guang)(guang)下產生能(neng)量帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)從一(yi)(yi)個半運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬粒子(zi)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)層轉移到另一(yi)(yi)層面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)產生了通用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板可以(yi)由光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉化率(lv)、能(neng)量比大小來(lai)選(xuan)擇。由于許多獨立的(de)(de)硅片被組(zu)合(he)，形成龐(pang)大的(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏陣列(lie)，并產生能(neng)夠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量還必須達到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、高功率(lv)的(de)(de)程(cheng)度，這就要有(you)一(yi)(yi)個重要的(de)(de)系統(tong)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力控制(zhi)系統(tong)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)心臟部(bu)位就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)，而(er)運行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)基本上(shang)是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機來組(zu)成。而(er)在(zai)(zai)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車上(shang)其(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池），還要增加太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池陣列的(de)(de)控制(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所供應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基本相同(tong)，可(ke)以(yi)直接(jie)耦合(he)，在(zai)(zai)太陽能(neng)(neng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充足(zu)時，多余的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量進入儲能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，在(zai)(zai)太陽能(neng)(neng)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)不(bu)足(zu)時由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池完(wan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅動的(de)(de)任務(wu)。這些，必(bi)須由(you)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)來完(wan)成。控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)就是對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)進行(xing)控制(zhi)和保(bao)護，這樣才能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證對整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)正(zheng)常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及其(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)驅動。最簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)也應該起到以(yi)下三個方面(mian)的(de)(de)作用：

一是按照(zhao)使(shi)用要(yao)求給出(chu)穩定(ding)的電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流；

二是蓄(xu)電(dian)池過充電(dian)或過放電(dian)時(shi)可以報警(jing)或自動切斷電(dian)路；

三是負(fu)載(zai)發生短路時可以自動(dong)切斷電源電路。

控制系統是控制太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列板對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及(ji)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，實現(xian)對(dui)太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)科學管(guan)(guan)理，指示(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓、欠壓等(deng)(deng)(deng)運行狀(zhuang)態，具(ju)有(you)兩(liang)路(lu)(lu)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出的(de)管(guan)(guan)理，或(huo)兩(liang)路(lu)(lu)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)可以隨意設置為同時工作(zuo)、分時工作(zuo)或(huo)單獨工作(zuo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)模式(shi)，同時具(ju)有(you)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)過(guo)流、短路(lu)(lu)保護功能，具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)自動(dong)化(hua)和(he)智能化(hua)水平。其(qi)硬件(jian)結構主(zhu)要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出控制與檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、指示(shi)或(huo)顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)鍵盤電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部分組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)包括(kuo)太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采集(ji)，用于太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)線強弱的(de)識(shi)別以及(ji)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)獲取等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統利用子(zi)系(xi)統的控(kong)制(zhi)功能對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理時(shi)(shi)，若(ruo)太陽能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)將關(guan)斷(duan)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)，以(yi)保證負(fu)(fu)載(zai)不(bu)被損(sun)(sun)傷，當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)斷(duan)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓掉至維(wei)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進入浮充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)低(di)于維(wei)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)，啟動(dong)的應當是(shi)均充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)。當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統應當自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)開關(guan)，以(yi)保護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)受損(sun)(sun)壞。在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)關(guan)閉(bi)后，有(you)兩路充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可選擇使(shi)(shi)用，在(zai)太陽光(guang)照(zhao)較強時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)啟動(dong)太陽能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)(shi)其發揮更大功效，或使(shi)(shi)用外(wai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)進行快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)軟件設計與硬件電(dian)(dian)路是相(xiang)對(dui)應的(de)，包括有主(zhu)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、定(ding)時(shi)中斷程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、A/D轉換子程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、外部(bu)轉換子程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)及鍵(jian)盤處理(li)子程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)子程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、負載管(guan)(guan)理(li)子程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)等。作為太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)“心臟”——電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，不僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)需(xu)要具(ju)備基(ji)本的(de)電(dian)(dian)力控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng)(neng)，還(huan)要能(neng)(neng)體現(xian)現(xian)代控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)念，也就是達到“一體化(hua)”控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并實現(xian)“智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)”的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力，在基(ji)本電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)基(ji)礎(chu)上，“智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)”的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是以(yi)電(dian)(dian)子模塊(kuai)為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中心，增加了以(yi)鍵(jian)盤輸入(ru)、遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)及液晶(jing)顯示(shi)組成的(de)人工界面(mian)模塊(kuai)，還(huan)增加了以(yi)安(an)全(quan)報警(jing)模塊(kuai)，在內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法還(huan)可采取模糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或其它智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法實現(xian)，此外還(huan)可以(yi)使用預留可擴(kuo)展模塊(kuai).

太陽能(neng)電(dian)動車充電(dian)器介紹(shao)

太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，要根據光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量來合理選擇(ze)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上(shang)可(ke)以由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組向負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。那么具體選擇(ze)何種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，不能不做各(ge)種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)綜合分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)研發(fa)(fa)經歷(li)是從鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)開始的(de)(de)(de)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經歷(li)了(le)100余(yu)年的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)人們研發(fa)(fa)了(le)鎳氫動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)繼(ji)而又研發(fa)(fa)了(le)鋰動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之后(hou)，便(bian)被業內猜測(ce)該退(tui)出歷(li)史舞臺了(le)。然(ran)而，鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)仍然(ran)是大量生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系列。鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)作為(wei)比較成熟的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術雖然(ran)比能量、比功率(lv)(lv)和能量密度(du)都比較低，但(dan)是高的(de)(de)(de)性價比及(ji)高倍率(lv)(lv)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然(ran)成為(wei)唯一能大批量生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，其主要(yao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用于大量進入市場的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)。但(dan)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用尚存在(zai)(zai)續駛里(li)程短，使用壽(shou)命差、及(ji)體積(ji)大、質量重、不(bu)環(huan)保等缺點，不(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用上(shang)(shang)受到(dao)阻(zu)礙，想(xiang)成為(wei)太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)范疇應(ying)(ying)(ying)用其難度(du)是可想(xiang)而知的(de)(de)(de)。

鎳(nie)氫蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)鋰離子蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)出現以(yi)前，曾在(zai)電動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)上廣(guang)泛試用(yong)，其(qi)比能量達到75~80Wh/kg，比功率達160~230w/kg，循環使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)超過600次。由于鎳(nie)氫蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)安全性方面較有優勢，所以(yi)在(zai)混合動(dong)力汽車(che)(che)(che)的應用(yong)方面已經達到趨于成(cheng)熟(shu)的境界(jie)。應用(yong)比較好的汽車(che)(che)(che)廠(chang)商如日(ri)本豐田、美國通用(yong)等公司(si)。但鎳(nie)氫電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)價格上遠高于鉛酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)，以(yi)及能量密度低于鋰離子蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)，所以(yi)，難以(yi)成(cheng)為太陽能電動(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)的首選蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是通(tong)過太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)給予(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)（在光(guang)照不(bu)足時也可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了(le)最(zui)大限度(du)地降(jiang)低(di)整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，方便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)，選擇(ze)大容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高倍(bei)率(lv)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，是太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳選擇(ze)。雖然鋰(li)離(li)(li)子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本相(xiang)比有所(suo)增加(jia)，但在相(xiang)同容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，比采(cai)用(yong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)減輕4倍(bei)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，因(yin)為鋰(li)離(li)(li)子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在比能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、循環(huan)壽命、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)及環(huan)保(bao)諸多方面都(dou)具有優越的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。它的(de)(de)(de)比能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)達(da)150Wh/kg，是鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)以(yi)上(shang)，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)以(yi)上(shang)。由(you)于比能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)分(fen)之一(yi)，從這個角度(du)分(fen)析鋰(li)離(li)(li)子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗的(de)(de)(de)資源就少。由(you)于鋰(li)離(li)(li)子蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)用(yong)元(yuan)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比較多，資源較豐富，因(yin)此，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會進一(yi)步漲(zhang)價，鋰(li)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成(cheng)本反而會進一(yi)步降(jiang)低(di)。

太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)系統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是減輕重量(liang)，提(ti)高整個(ge)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕便性能(neng)。另(ling)外它的(de)(de)(de)(de)單位體(ti)積能(neng)量(liang)很大(da)，高達(da)400Wh/L，相(xiang)同容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積是鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)到(dao)(dao)四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，為進(jin)行輕巧、靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計要(yao)求提(ti)供了更為廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計空間(jian)(jian)。另(ling)外鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽(shou)命(ming)長，單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)次數可達(da)1500次以(yi)上。作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)如果(guo)有好的(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管理系統(tong)，在(zai)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時達(da)到(dao)(dao)均(jun)衡程(cheng)度，仍(reng)然可達(da)1000次以(yi)上。因為太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使用(yong)時常(chang)常(chang)可以(yi)浮充或淺放，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)壽(shou)命(ming)不會(hui)(hui)像純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)那樣短。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)優點是自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低，這(zhe)在(zai)連續(xu)陰天和(he)在(zai)夜間(jian)(jian)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都有相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好處，可以(yi)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。在(zai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)保持(chi)60%~80%計算，使用(yong)年限應不低于(yu)3~5年，壽(shou)命(ming)相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍左右。由于(yu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不含鉛(qian)和(he)鎘等重金屬，被(bei)業內稱(cheng)為綠色環(huan)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨著我國(guo)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)提(ti)高，特別(bie)在(zai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)、管理、控制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破并會(hui)(hui)不斷(duan)提(ti)高水平，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)長，性價比也(ye)會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)有優勢(shi)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣(guang)泛。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不僅在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上、純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上，和(he)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)得到(dao)(dao)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，還會(hui)(hui)在(zai)航(hang)(hang)空、航(hang)(hang)海等領域(yu)得到(dao)(dao)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)所在(zai)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)。太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)當(dang)然(ran)也(ye)在(zai)于此(ci)。無(wu)論采(cai)用(yong)何種電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)當(dang)然(ran)也(ye)在(zai)于此(ci)。無(wu)論采(cai)用(yong)何種電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機負(fu)載，其設計和(he)使用(yong)目標都是(shi)(shi)為滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)行駛需要(yao)。由于直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機有良好(hao)的(de)(de)調(diao)整(zheng)性(xing)能(neng)，早(zao)期開(kai)發的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)大(da)多采(cai)用(yong)了直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。近代電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術和(he)控(kong)制技(ji)術的(de)(de)發展，交流(liu)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、永磁無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、開(kai)關(guan)阻磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)應用(yong)范圍(wei)逐步擴大(da)、性(xing)能(neng)越來(lai)越完善，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)所用(yong)的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機也(ye)由這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)機所取代。總的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢是(shi)(shi)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機將取代直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。

大多(duo)(duo)數太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是雙線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)交流無刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)交流無刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是輕(qing)質材(cai)料制造，非(fei)常(chang)適合于太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)“輕(qing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，在(zai)額定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉(zhuan)速）達到(dao)99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率。這(zhe)(zhe)比(bi)以(yi)前使用(yong)(yong)直接(jie)引導(dao)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝置(zhi)要(yao)先(xian)進。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)傳(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置(zhi)也稱其為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統還有(you)選用(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)統汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)速器、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)、后橋和(he)(he)(he)半(ban)軸(zhou)等部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)過鏈條和(he)(he)(he)履帶(dai)同一個(ge)單(dan)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)，與車(che)輪(lun)(lun)鏈接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引導(dao)式(shi)裝置(zhi)要(yao)比(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)先(xian)進了(le)(le)一步。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還使用(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻履帶(dai)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力給(gei)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)變(bian)頻履帶(dai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)精確地安(an)裝和(he)(he)(he)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)。2013年(nian)，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)多(duo)(duo)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)送(song)裝置(zhi)已經被(bei)淘汰，雙線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)。在(zai)雙線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)之間轉(zhuan)換改變(bian)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度，低速線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)能為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)減(jian)(jian)速提(ti)(ti)供(gong)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)力矩(ju)，而(er)高速線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)則為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)運行提(ti)(ti)供(gong)高效(xiao)率和(he)(he)(he)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行效(xiao)果。特別在(zai)軸(zhou)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計中(zhong)，一個(ge)軸(zhou)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)去除了(le)(le)許多(duo)(duo)外加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)送(song)設備，這(zhe)(zhe)大大提(ti)(ti)高了(le)(le)駕駛車(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率，縮減(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)于驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)而(er)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式形成獨特的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，使結構更加緊湊，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)主要驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式。而(er)輪(lun)(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機直接(jie)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)里，用來直接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)。這(zhe)種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式不但提高了(le)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)，不占電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)本身和底(di)盤空間，而(er)且減少了(le)車(che)(che)輛的(de)懸(xuan)掛重量，截止2013年，所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)主要采取的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計(ji)方(fang)案。輪(lun)(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統可(ke)以(yi)(yi)兩輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)設計(ji)四輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)設計(ji)中(zhong)應該是最佳驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案。