鋰離子電池是什么？

鋰離子電池具有重量輕、容量大、無記憶效應等優點，因而得到了普遍應用——現在的許多數碼設備都采用了鋰離子電池作電源，盡管其價格相對來說比較昂貴。鋰離子電池的能量(liang)密度很高，它(ta)的容量(liang)是同重量(liang)的鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池的1.5~2倍，而且具有很低的自放電(dian)(dian)率。此外，鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池幾乎沒有“記憶效應(ying)”以(yi)及不含(han)有毒物質等優點(dian)也是它(ta)廣泛應(ying)用的重要原(yuan)因。

鋰離子電池工作原理

當對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上有鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)生成，生成的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)運動到負極(ji)(ji)(ji)。而作為負極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)碳呈層(ceng)狀結構，它有很多微孔(kong)，達(da)到負極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)就嵌入到碳層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)微孔(kong)中，嵌入的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)越(yue)(yue)多，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)越(yue)(yue)高。同樣，當對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)（即(ji)我們使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)過程），嵌在負極(ji)(ji)(ji)碳層(ceng)中的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)脫出，又運動回正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。回正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)越(yue)(yue)多，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)越(yue)(yue)高。

一般(ban)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流設定在0.2C至1C之間，電(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大(da)，充電(dian)(dian)越(yue)快，同時電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱(re)也越(yue)大(da)。而且，過(guo)大(da)的電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)，容量不夠滿，因為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的電(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應需(xu)要(yao)時間。就跟倒啤酒一樣，倒太(tai)快的話會產生泡沫，反(fan)而不滿。對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說(shuo)，正常使用就是放電(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程。

鋰(li)電池(chi)放電需要注(zhu)意幾點(dian)：

第一，放電電流不能過大，過大的電流導致電池內部發熱，有可能會造成永久性的損害。在手機上，這個倒是沒有問題(ti)的，可以不考慮。

第二，絕(jue)對不能(neng)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)！鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最怕過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一旦放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于2.7V，將可能(neng)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢。好在(zai)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部都已(yi)經裝了(le)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)還沒低(di)到損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的程度，保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路就會起(qi)作用(yong)，停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。從圖上可以看出(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量越小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下降(jiang)更快。

該圖片由注冊用戶"科技數碼行"提供，版權聲明反饋

鋰離子電池優缺點

鋰離子電池優點

鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（Li-ion，Lithium Ion Battery）：鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具(ju)有重量(liang)(liang)輕、容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)大、無記憶效應(ying)(ying)等(deng)優點，因(yin)而得到了普遍應(ying)(ying)用(yong)——現在(zai)的(de)許(xu)多數碼(ma)設備(bei)都采用(yong)了鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，盡管其價格相對來說比較昂貴。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)能量(liang)(liang)密度很(hen)(hen)高，它的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)同(tong)重量(liang)(liang)的(de)鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)1.5~2倍，而且具(ju)有很(hen)(hen)低的(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率。此外，鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)幾(ji)乎沒(mei)有“記憶效應(ying)(ying)”以及不含有毒物質等(deng)優點也是(shi)它廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)重要原因(yin)。

另(ling)外(wai)請注意鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外(wai)部(bu)一(yi)般標有(you)英文(wen)7.2V lithiumion battery（鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)）或(huo)7.2V lithium secondary battery（鋰(li)二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、7.2V lithiumion rechargeable battery（充電(dian)(dian)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)），所以用戶在購買電(dian)(dian)池(chi)時一(yi)定(ding)要看清電(dian)(dian)池(chi)塊外(wai)表的(de)標志，防止因為沒有(you)看清電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型(xing)而將鎘鎳、氫鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)誤認為鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

無記憶效應大大方(fang)便了手機(ji)用(yong)戶，用(yong)戶不必在每次充電時(shi)都先放電再充電，而可(ke)以(yi)隨心所(suo)欲的隨時(shi)對手機(ji)充電。

鋰離子電池缺點

鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)缺點是(shi)價(jia)格昂貴，所以(yi)目前尚不能普遍應用，主(zhu)要應用于掌上計算機、PDA、通信設備、照相機、衛星、導彈(dan)、魚雷、儀器等。隨(sui)著技術的(de)(de)發展、工藝的(de)(de)改進及生產量的(de)(de)增加(jia)，鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)價(jia)格將(jiang)會(hui)不斷地下降，應用上也會(hui)更普遍。

鋰離子電池注意事項

鋰(li)離子電池(chi)應用(yong)注意事(shi)項除與上述不可充電的(de)鋰(li)電池(chi)相(xiang)同外(wai)，在充電方面還(huan)應注意以(yi)下幾(ji)點：

1. 鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池有4.1V及4.2V終(zhong)止充電(dian)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)品種，因(yin)此在充電(dian)時注意的(de)(de)是(shi)4.1V的(de)(de)電(dian)池不(bu)能用4.2V的(de)(de)充電(dian)器(qi)充電(dian)，否則會有過(guo)充的(de)(de)危險(4.1V與4.2V的(de)(de)充電(dian)器(qi)用的(de)(de)充電(dian)器(qi)IC是(shi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)!)。

2. 對電池充(chong)電時，其環境溫度不(bu)能超過產品特性表中(zhong)所列的溫度范圍。

3. 不能(neng)反向充電(dian)。

4. 不能(neng)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(充(chong)(chong)(chong)三節鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)池的)來充(chong)(chong)(chong)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(雖然(ran)額定電(dian)壓一樣，都是3.6V)，但充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式不同，容易造成過充(chong)(chong)(chong)。

鋰離子電池保存方法

鋰(li)原電池自放電很低，可保(bao)存(cun)3年之久，在(zai)冷(leng)藏的(de)(de)條件下保(bao)存(cun)，效果會更好(hao)。將鋰(li)原電池存(cun)放在(zai)低溫的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，不(bu)失是(shi)(shi)一個好(hao)方(fang)法。鋰(li)離子(zi)電池在(zai)20℃下可儲存(cun)半(ban)年以上，這是(shi)(shi)由于它的(de)(de)自放電率(lv)很低，而且大(da)部(bu)分容(rong)量可以恢(hui)復(fu)。

鋰電池存在的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象(xiang)，如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在3.6V以下長時間保存，會導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)破壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部(bu)結構(gou)，減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)。因此長期保存的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池應當每3~6個月補電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次，即充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)3.8~3.9V（鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最佳儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)3.85V左右(you)）為(wei)(wei)宜，不宜充滿。

鋰電(dian)池的(de)應用溫(wen)度范圍很廣，在北方的(de)冬天室(shi)(shi)外，仍然(ran)可以(yi)使(shi)用，但容量(liang)會降低很多(duo)，如果回到室(shi)(shi)溫(wen)的(de)條件下，容量(liang)又可以(yi)恢復。