千斤頂分類
1、齒條千斤頂
由人(ren)力通過杠桿和齒(chi)輪帶(dai)動齒(chi)條(tiao)頂舉(ju)重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)。起重(zhong)(zhong)量一般不(bu)超過20噸,可(ke)長期(qi)支持重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu),主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)在作業條(tiao)件不(bu)方便的(de)地方或需要(yao)利用(yong)下(xia)部的(de)托爪提升重(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)的(de)場合,如鐵路(lu)起軌作業。
2、螺旋千斤頂
由人力通(tong)過(guo)螺(luo)旋(xuan)副(fu)傳(chuan)動(dong),螺(luo)桿或螺(luo)母套(tao)筒(tong)作(zuo)為頂(ding)舉件。普通(tong)螺(luo)旋(xuan)千斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)靠螺(luo)紋自(zi)鎖作(zuo)用(yong)支(zhi)持(chi)重(zhong)物,構(gou)(gou)造簡單,但(dan)(dan)傳(chuan)動(dong)效率低,返(fan)程(cheng)慢。自(zi)降螺(luo)旋(xuan)千斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)的螺(luo)紋無自(zi)鎖作(zuo)用(yong),但(dan)(dan)裝有制動(dong)器。放松制動(dong)器,重(zhong)物即可自(zi)行快速(su)下降,縮短(duan)返(fan)程(cheng)時間,但(dan)(dan)這種千斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)構(gou)(gou)造較復雜。螺(luo)旋(xuan)千斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)能(neng)長期支(zhi)持(chi)重(zhong)物,最大(da)起重(zhong)量已達100噸,應用(yong)較廣。下部裝上水平螺(luo)桿后(hou),還能(neng)使重(zhong)物做小(xiao)距離橫(heng)移。
3、液壓千斤頂
由人力或電(dian)力驅動液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng),通過液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統傳(chuan)動,用(yong)缸(gang)體或活(huo)塞作為(wei)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)舉件(jian)。液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)可分(fen)為(wei)整體式(shi)和分(fen)離式(shi)。整體式(shi)的泵(beng)與液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)聯(lian)成(cheng)一(yi)體;分(fen)離式(shi)的泵(beng)與液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)分(fen)離,中間用(yong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)軟管相聯(lian)。液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)結構緊湊,能平穩頂(ding)(ding)(ding)升重(zhong)物(wu),起重(zhong)量最大(da)達1000噸,行程1米(mi),傳(chuan)動效率較高(gao),故應用(yong)較廣;但易漏油,不宜長期支持重(zhong)物(wu)。 如長期支撐需選用(yong)自(zi)鎖千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),螺旋千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)和液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)步降低外形高(gao)度或增大(da)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)舉距(ju)離,可做成(cheng)多級伸(shen)縮式(shi)。 液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)除上述(shu)基本型式(shi)外,按同樣原理可改裝成(cheng)滑(hua)升模板千(qian)(qian)斤(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升降臺(tai)、張拉機等,用(yong)于各種特殊(shu)施工場合。
4、氣囊式氣動千斤頂
氣(qi)動千(qian)斤頂(ding),全稱叫做氣(qi)囊(nang)式(shi)氣(qi)動千(qian)斤頂(ding),一般由3層(ceng)、兩層(ceng)或者單層(ceng)氣(qi)囊(nang)組(zu)成,主要工(gong)作原理(li)是利用5-8KG壓(ya)力空壓(ya)機(ji)充氣(qi),將車頂(ding)起。氣(qi)動液壓(ya)千(qian)斤頂(ding)產品是利用壓(ya)縮氣(qi)體(ti)作為動力,液體(ti)增壓(ya)與伸縮式(shi)液壓(ya)缸(gang)組(zu)合而成的一種新(xin)型舉升設備,它具(ju)有(you)設計精巧、體(ti)積小、重(zhong)量輕、易操(cao)作、省時、省力、舉升噸位大等特點(dian),廣泛用于(yu)(yu)流動性(xing)起重(zhong),特別適用于(yu)(yu)汽車、拖(tuo)拉(la)機(ji)等交通運輸業的修(xiu)理(li)行業。
5、剪式千斤頂
剪式千斤頂又叫支架千斤頂,使用輕便快捷,是國內各大汽車廠隨(sui)車產品。其由(you)金(jin)屬板材制成的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)支桿和(he)下(xia)支桿組成,工(gong)作原(yuan)理各有不同。上(shang)(shang)(shang)支桿的(de)(de)橫截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)與下(xia)支桿在齒部(bu)及其附(fu)近部(bu)分的(de)(de)橫截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)一(yi)邊開口(kou)的(de)(de)矩形,開口(kou)兩邊的(de)(de)金(jin)屬板向內彎折(zhe)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)支桿和(he)下(xia)支桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)齒是(shi)由(you)開口(kou)兩邊彎折(zhe)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬板上(shang)(shang)(shang)制成,齒寬大于金(jin)屬板厚。