一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新(xin)車最好先充電(dian)(dian)后使(shi)用(yong)。方(fang)法是把(ba)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流調至14A以(yi)內(nei)，充電(dian)(dian)l5h以(yi)上。前5～l0次充電(dian)(dian)時間盡量長些，這樣能使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池極板上滲透性物質(zhi)充分反應，有(you)利于提(ti)高整車行駛里程和(he)延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按用戶的使(shi)用習慣，一般(ban)白天使(shi)用，晚上回家充(chong)電(dian)。電(dian)動三輪車充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)可(ke)行駛80～120km，蓄(xu)電(dian)池的設計壽命為充(chong)、放電(dian)700次以(yi)上(兩年)。

(1)如(ru)果行(xing)駛里程夠(gou)用，建議每天只充電一(yi)次。

(2)如果不夠用中午(wu)可補充充電一次。

(3)虧電(dian)狀態要充8h以上，如果電(dian)沒有(you)用完(夏天行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)50km以內，冬(dong)天行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)30km以內)，視實際行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)里程可縮短充電(dian)時間，經驗證(zheng)明一般行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)1h或20km，要充電(dian)2h。

(4)如果(guo)每(mei)天(tian)(tian)行(xing)駛10km以(yi)(yi)內，可2天(tian)(tian)充一次(ci)電，每(mei)次(ci)充電時間2h以(yi)(yi)上，長期這(zhe)樣使用，每(mei)隔10天(tian)(tian)左右要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)一次(ci)深充電(10h以(yi)(yi)上)。

3．充電器

充電器在(zai)充完電后應及時清理(li)機器內(nei)散熱風扇上(shang)的灰(hui)塵，這(zhe)樣對延長充電器的使用(yong)壽(shou)命至關重要。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)現在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)主(zhu)要采用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池，蓄電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)是(shi)用壞的(de)(de)而是(shi)充壞的(de)(de)，決(jue)非(fei)危言聳聽，蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能好壞對蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命和(he)使用性(xing)能起著舉(ju)足(zu)輕重(zhong)的(de)(de)作用，必須重(zhong)視。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用(yong)時(shi)應盡(jin)量避免深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)，做到淺放(fang)勤充，一般(ban)情況應做到：蓄電(dian)池以放(fang)電(dian)深度(du)為50%-70%時(shi)充一次電(dian)最佳。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，繼(ji)續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）會(hui)嚴(yan)重損(sun)害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這是因為此時(shi)極易形成不(bu)可逆硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)，從(cong)而(er)使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能力變(bian)差，甚(shen)至無(wu)法修復。所(suo)以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時(shi)應防止(zhi)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護”是有效的(de)措(cuo)施。“欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護”措(cuo)施是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)，但因電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)儀(yi)表和指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)受控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)鎖(suo)一旦合上就(jiu)開始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖(sui)然(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小，但若長時(shi)間(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)會(hui)出(chu)現過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不(bu)得(de)長時(shi)間(jian)(jian)開鎖(suo)，不(bu)用時(shi)應立(li)即關掉。

3、充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流應(ying)小于或(huo)等于蓄電(dian)(dian)池可以接受的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，否則，過充電(dian)(dian)產生的(de)過剩電(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)解水液過快地(di)消耗掉(diao)，并(bing)產生嚴重的(de)析氣現象，時(shi)間(jian)長了將使充電(dian)(dian)變(bian)得十分困難，所以充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)因(yin)盡可能(neng)防止過充電(dian)(dian)。正規廠家生產的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)可確保不(bu)對電(dian)(dian)池過充電(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)尤其(qi)怕(pa)虧(kui)電(dian)放電(dian)，虧(kui)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)放置(zhi)3-7天，將(jiang)有可能永久損壞(huai)，因此，蓄電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用過后請盡快充電(dian)。對(dui)于長(chang)期不(bu)使(shi)用的電(dian)池(chi)，應每隔15天左右對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)池(chi)存放時的自放電(dian)電(dian)量損失。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)高溫季(ji)節運行，主要存在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。因此，夏天應(ying)(ying)盡量降低(di)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度，保證(zheng)良好的(de)(de)(de)散熱，防(fang)止在(zai)烈日暴曬(shai)后即充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應(ying)(ying)遠(yuan)離(li)熱源(yuan)。在(zai)低(di)溫情(qing)況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主要存在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。低(di)溫時應(ying)(ying)采取保溫防(fang)凍措施，特別是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)(ying)放在(zai)溫暖(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，有利于(yu)保證(zheng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，防(fang)止不可逆硫酸鹽化的(de)(de)(de)產生，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。

6、一般情況下(xia)，放電(dian)(dian)深度較大的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命(ming)在(zai)1年左右，放電(dian)(dian)深度在(zai)50%-70%的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)在(zai)1年半左右。