什么是漏電保護器？

漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)：就是(shi)流(liu)(liu)入的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)流(liu)(liu)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)等，意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)路回路中(zhong)還有(you)其它分支，可能是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過人(ren)體進入大地。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，將呈現異常(chang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓信號(hao)，漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)通過檢測此異常(chang)信號(hao)，使執行機構(gou)動(dong)作(zuo)。我們把(ba)根據(ju)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)作(zuo)的漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)型(xing)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)，根據(ju)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓動(dong)作(zuo)的漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)結構(gou)復(fu)雜(za)，受外(wai)界干擾動(dong)作(zuo)特性(xing)穩定(ding)性(xing)差，制(zhi)造成本高，現已(yi)基本淘汰。目前以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)型(xing)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)為主導地位。

家(jia)用的漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護器接入端有(you)“火”“零”兩根線。如果“火”和“零”線流過(guo)的電(dian)流不等，那么感應(ying)線圈就會識別微小(xiao)差別，并通過(guo)控制(zhi)部(bu)分，迅(xun)速切斷(duan)開關（跳閘）。保(bao)(bao)護漏(lou)電(dian)流通常閾值為20mA。

但漏電(dian)保護器是通過(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)某個(ge)開(kai)關(guan)斷(duan)開(kai)來實(shi)現(xian)的，它不(bu)能(neng)保證在整個(ge)供電(dian)回(hui)路出現(xian)短路時(shi)開(kai)關(guan)觸點(dian)還能(neng)斷(duan)開(kai)。??空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)則起過(guo)(guo)載或短路保護，當回(hui)路電(dian)流超過(guo)(guo)規定負載，空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)自動短路（跳(tiao)閘）。空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)一般有(you)單(dan)獨“火”線接入保護，也有(you)“火”“零”接入同時(shi)保護。

因此，?漏電保護(hu)器和(he)空氣開關各(ge)自實現的功能不同，不能互(hu)相代替(ti)！

漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器（漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)開關）是一種電(dian)(dian)氣安全裝(zhuang)置。將漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器安裝(zhuang)在(zai)低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)，當發生漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)和觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)時，且達到保(bao)護(hu)器所限定(ding)(ding)的動作電(dian)(dian)流值時，就(jiu)立(li)即在(zai)限定(ding)(ding)的時間內(nei)動作自動斷開電(dian)(dian)源進(jin)行保(bao)護(hu)。

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漏電保護器的工作原理是什么？

1、當(dang)電氣設(she)備(bei)發生漏電時，出現兩種異常現象：

一是，三相電流的平衡(heng)遭到(dao)破壞，出現零(ling)序(xu)電流；

二是，正常(chang)時(shi)不帶電(dian)的(de)金屬外殼出現對地電(dian)壓（正常(chang)時(shi)，金屬外殼與(yu)大地均為零電(dian)位）。

2、零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)的作用漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)檢測(ce)取(qu)得異常(chang)訊號，經過(guo)中間(jian)機構(gou)轉換(huan)傳遞(di)，使(shi)執行機構(gou)動作，通(tong)過(guo)開(kai)關裝置斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)的結構(gou)與變壓器(qi)類似，是(shi)由兩個互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)絕緣繞在同一(yi)鐵(tie)心上的線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)組成。當一(yi)次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)有剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時，二次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)就會感應出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

3、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)工作原(yuan)理將漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)安裝在線路中(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)線路相(xiang)連(lian)接，二(er)次(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)與漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)扣器(qi)連(lian)接。當用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備正常運行(xing)時(shi)，線路中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)呈平衡狀(zhuang)態(tai)，互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量之(zhi)和(he)為零（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)有方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)矢(shi)量，如按流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)為“＋”，返(fan)回(hui)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)為“－”，在互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)往返(fan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大小相(xiang)等，方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)反，正負相(xiang)互抵銷）。由于一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，所以不會感(gan)(gan)應(ying)二(er)次(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)裝置處于閉合狀(zhuang)態(tai)運行(xing)。當設備外殼發生漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)有人觸及時(shi)，則在故障點產生分(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，此(ci)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經人體(ti)？大地？工作接地，返(fan)回(hui)變壓器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)性點（并(bing)未經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)），致使互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)申(shen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)不平衡（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量之(zhi)和(he)不為零），一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)申(shen)產生剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。因此(ci)，便(bian)會感(gan)(gan)應(ying)二(er)次(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)(quan)，當這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值達到該漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)限定的(de)(de)(de)動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值時(shi)，自動開關(guan)脫(tuo)扣，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

漏電斷路器內部結構

漏電斷路(lu)器(qi)由(you)DZ47系列斷路(lu)器(qi)和(he)漏電保護器(qi)（習慣(guan)上稱之為脫(tuo)扣器(qi)）組裝而成(cheng)。斷路(lu)器(qi)部(bu)分主(zhu)要包括(kuo)以下部(bu)件。

1）過電(dian)流脫扣器（雙金、電(dian)磁系統）；

2）滅弧(hu)裝置（滅弧(hu)系(xi)統(tong)）；

3）觸頭系統；

4）外殼和(he)接線(xian)端子；

5）操作機構（手柄、鎖扣(kou)、跳扣(kou)、杠(gang)桿）。

斷路器的過載(zai)保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)的實現(xian)是(shi)利用雙(shuang)金屬隨著(zhu)溫度升高而定(ding)向按規律(lv)彎(wan)曲的原理，正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)流（1.13In）彎(wan)曲角度不大，因此推力(li)不足以(yi)使(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣機構脫(tuo)(tuo)扣，當(dang)達過載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流（1.45In）彎(wan)曲角度大，推力(li)足以(yi)推動(dong)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣機構使(shi)開(kai)關斷開(kai)，這就(jiu)是(shi)過載(zai)保護(hu)的原理。

斷路(lu)器(qi)的短(duan)路(lu)保護功能(neng)(neng)是由瞬時(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣器(qi)（電(dian)(dian)磁系統）來實現的，電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)與電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和匝(za)數(shu)之積成正(zheng)(zheng)比，由于瞬時(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣器(qi)線圈匝(za)數(shu)少（一般只有10匝(za)以(yi)下），雖然瞬時(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣器(qi)串接在(zai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)路(lu)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，由于匝(za)數(shu)少，正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)產(chan)生的吸力(li)不足(zu)以(yi)克服彈簧的反作(zuo)用(yong)力(li)，因此(ci)線路(lu)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)，但(dan)對于短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)來說，由于產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)與正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相比相差幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)倍(bei)或更(geng)大，線圈匝(za)數(shu)沒變，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)倍(bei)，因此(ci)吸力(li)也增加了幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)倍(bei)，只要反力(li)彈簧選擇(ze)合(he)理，都能(neng)(neng)符合(he)B型、C型、D型瞬時(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣器(qi)的整定要求。

漏電保護(hu)器(qi)（脫扣器(qi)）部(bu)分主要包括(kuo)以(yi)下(xia)部(bu)件。

1）電子組件板(ban)（控制線路板(ban)）；

2）零序電流互感器；

3）漏(lou)電脫扣器（由牽(qian)引線圈、鐵芯、彈(dan)簧等組成(cheng)）；

4）漏電(dian)指示(shi)部分及試驗(yan)按扭等組(zu)成。

當無漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)達不到動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，零序電(dian)(dian)流(liu)以感(gan)應出的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓不足以觸發可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)G 極(ji)（控(kong)制極(ji)），此時A極(ji)（陽極(ji)）與K極(ji)（陰極(ji)）之間相(xiang)當于(yu)一個大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)阻達1M（1M=1000000歐姆(mu)(mu)）以上(shang)，脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)一般(ban)為幾十(shi)歐姆(mu)(mu)（30-60歐姆(mu)(mu)左(zuo)右），脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)與可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)等(deng)效于(yu)串聯狀(zhuang)態(tai)。由于(yu)可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)的(de)等(deng)效電(dian)(dian)阻遠遠大(da)(da)于(yu)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻值，因此幾乎(hu)全部電(dian)(dian)壓加(jia)在可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)的(de)A與K兩(liang)端，脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)同乎(hu)無壓降(jiang)，微(wei)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓不能帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)工作，因此保護器(qi)處于(yu)守侯狀(zhuang)態(tai)，斷路器(qi)處于(yu)正常(chang)合(he)閘(zha)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。當零序電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)感(gan)應出的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓能觸發可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)G極(ji)時，此時A與K兩(liang)端完(wan)全導通，電(dian)(dian)阻幾乎(hu)為0，全部壓降(jiang)加(jia)在脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)兩(liang)端，脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)產生足夠大(da)(da)的(de)吸(xi)力，帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)機構動(dong)作，從而(er)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源，實現(xian)自(zi)我保護。

漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)斷路器與漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器（脫扣(kou)器）二部(bu)分拼裝起來就構成一個(ge)完整的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)斷路器，具有過(guo)載(zai)、 短路、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)功(gong)能，根據客戶要求還(huan)可增加過(guo)壓(ya)保護(hu)功(gong)能，過(guo)壓(ya)保護(hu)功(gong)能的(de)實現是由漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)子組件(jian)板增加功(gong)能而實現的(de)。