什么是漏電保護器？

漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：就是流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不等，意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路回路中還有其(qi)它分支，可(ke)能是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)人體進入(ru)大地。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，將呈現(xian)異常的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓信號(hao)，漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)檢測此異常信號(hao)，使執行機(ji)構動(dong)作。我們把(ba)根據(ju)故(gu)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)，根據(ju)故(gu)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓動(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)結構復雜，受外(wai)界干(gan)擾動(dong)作特性穩定性差，制造(zao)成(cheng)本(ben)高，現(xian)已基本(ben)淘汰(tai)。目前以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)為主(zhu)導地位。

家用的漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)接入端(duan)有“火”“零(ling)(ling)”兩根線(xian)。如果“火”和“零(ling)(ling)”線(xian)流過的電(dian)流不等(deng)，那(nei)么感應線(xian)圈就(jiu)會識別(bie)微(wei)小(xiao)差(cha)別(bie)，并通過控制部分，迅(xun)速切斷開關(guan)（跳閘）。保(bao)護漏(lou)電(dian)流通常閾值為20mA。

但漏電(dian)保護器是通(tong)過控(kong)制某個開(kai)關(guan)斷開(kai)來實(shi)現(xian)的，它不能(neng)保證在整個供電(dian)回(hui)路(lu)出現(xian)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)時開(kai)關(guan)觸點還能(neng)斷開(kai)。??空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)則起過載或短(duan)(duan)路(lu)保護，當(dang)回(hui)路(lu)電(dian)流超過規定負載，空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)自動短(duan)(duan)路(lu)（跳(tiao)閘）。空(kong)氣開(kai)關(guan)一般有(you)單獨“火(huo)”線接入保護，也有(you)“火(huo)”“零”接入同時保護。

因(yin)此(ci)，?漏電保護器和(he)空(kong)氣開關各自實現的功(gong)能不同，不能互相(xiang)代替！

漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器（漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護開關）是一種電(dian)(dian)氣安全裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。將漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器安裝(zhuang)在(zai)低壓電(dian)(dian)路中，當發生漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)和觸電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，且達到保(bao)護器所限(xian)定的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作電(dian)(dian)流值時(shi)，就立即在(zai)限(xian)定的(de)時(shi)間內動(dong)(dong)(dong)作自動(dong)(dong)(dong)斷開電(dian)(dian)源進行保(bao)護。

該圖片由注冊用戶"沉靜時光"提供，版權聲明反饋

漏電保護器的工作原理是什么？

1、當電氣設備發生漏電時(shi)，出現(xian)兩種異(yi)常現(xian)象：

一(yi)是，三相電流的平衡遭到破壞，出現零序電流；

二是(shi)，正常時不帶電(dian)的金屬(shu)外殼(ke)出現對地(di)電(dian)壓(ya)（正常時，金屬(shu)外殼(ke)與大地(di)均為零(ling)電(dian)位）。

2、零序電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器的作用漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器通過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器檢測取得異常訊(xun)號，經過中間機(ji)構(gou)轉(zhuan)換傳遞，使(shi)執行機(ji)構(gou)動作，通過開關(guan)裝置(zhi)斷開電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器的結構(gou)與變壓器類似，是(shi)由兩個互(hu)相絕緣繞(rao)在同一(yi)鐵心上的線(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)成。當一(yi)次線(xian)圈(quan)有剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，二次線(xian)圈(quan)就會感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

3、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)工作原理將漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，一(yi)次(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)相(xiang)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，二次(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)脫扣器(qi)(qi)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)。當用電(dian)(dian)設備正(zheng)常(chang)運行時，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)呈平衡狀態，互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量(liang)之和為(wei)零（電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是有方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)矢量(liang)，如按流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)為(wei)“＋”，返(fan)回方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)為(wei)“－”，在(zai)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)往返(fan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小相(xiang)等，方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)反，正(zheng)負相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)抵銷）。由于一(yi)次(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)沒有剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，所(suo)以不會感應二次(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)開關裝(zhuang)置處于閉合狀態運行。當設備外殼(ke)發生(sheng)(sheng)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)并有人觸及(ji)時，則在(zai)故障(zhang)點產生(sheng)(sheng)分流(liu)(liu)，此漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)人體(ti)？大地？工作接(jie)(jie)地，返(fan)回變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)性點（并未經(jing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)），致使互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)申流(liu)(liu)入、流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)現了不平衡（電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量(liang)之和不為(wei)零），一(yi)次(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)申產生(sheng)(sheng)剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。因此，便會感應二次(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，當這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值達到該漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)限定(ding)的(de)(de)動作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值時，自動開關脫扣，切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源。

漏電斷路器內部結構

漏電斷路器(qi)由DZ47系列斷路器(qi)和漏電保護器(qi)（習(xi)慣上稱之為脫(tuo)扣器(qi)）組裝而成。斷路器(qi)部分主要包括以下部件。

1）過電(dian)流脫扣器（雙金、電(dian)磁系(xi)統）；

2）滅弧裝置（滅弧系統）；

3）觸頭系統；

4）外殼和接線端子；

5）操作機構（手柄(bing)、鎖扣、跳扣、杠桿）。

斷路(lu)器的(de)(de)過(guo)載保護(hu)功能的(de)(de)實現是(shi)利用雙金屬隨著溫度升(sheng)高而定(ding)向按規(gui)律彎曲的(de)(de)原理，正常電流（1.13In）彎曲角(jiao)度不大(da)，因此推力不足(zu)以使脫(tuo)扣(kou)機(ji)構脫(tuo)扣(kou)，當達過(guo)載電流（1.45In）彎曲角(jiao)度大(da)，推力足(zu)以推動脫(tuo)扣(kou)機(ji)構使開關斷開，這就(jiu)是(shi)過(guo)載保護(hu)的(de)(de)原理。

斷路(lu)器的(de)短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)是由瞬時(shi)脫扣器（電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁系統）來實現的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)匝數之積成(cheng)正比，由于(yu)瞬時(shi)脫扣器線(xian)圈(quan)匝數少(shao)（一般只(zhi)(zhi)有10匝以(yi)下），雖(sui)然瞬時(shi)脫扣器串接(jie)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，由于(yu)匝數少(shao)，正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生的(de)吸力(li)不足以(yi)克服彈(dan)簧的(de)反(fan)作(zuo)用力(li)，因此(ci)(ci)線(xian)路(lu)能(neng)正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)，但(dan)(dan)對于(yu)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流來說，由于(yu)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相比相差(cha)幾倍(bei)以(yi)至幾十(shi)(shi)倍(bei)或(huo)更大，線(xian)圈(quan)匝數沒(mei)變，但(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)加幾倍(bei)以(yi)至幾十(shi)(shi)倍(bei)，因此(ci)(ci)吸力(li)也增(zeng)加了(le)幾倍(bei)以(yi)至幾十(shi)(shi)倍(bei)，只(zhi)(zhi)要反(fan)力(li)彈(dan)簧選擇合(he)理，都能(neng)符合(he)B型(xing)、C型(xing)、D型(xing)瞬時(shi)脫扣器的(de)整定要求(qiu)。

漏電保(bao)護器（脫扣器）部(bu)分主(zhu)要包括(kuo)以下部(bu)件(jian)。

1）電子組件板（控制(zhi)線路板）；

2）零(ling)序電流(liu)互(hu)感器；

3）漏電脫(tuo)扣(kou)器（由牽引線圈、鐵芯、彈簧等組成）；

4）漏電指示部分及試驗(yan)按(an)扭等組成。

當無(wu)漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)達不到動作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)(shi)，零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)以(yi)感(gan)(gan)應出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不足以(yi)觸發可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)G 極(ji)(ji)(ji)（控(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)），此(ci)時(shi)(shi)A極(ji)(ji)(ji)（陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)）與K極(ji)(ji)(ji)（陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)）之間相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)一個大(da)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)達1M（1M=1000000歐(ou)(ou)姆）以(yi)上(shang)，脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈一般(ban)為幾十歐(ou)(ou)姆（30-60歐(ou)(ou)姆左右），脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈與可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)等效(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)串聯狀態(tai)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)的(de)(de)等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，因此(ci)幾乎(hu)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加(jia)在可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)的(de)(de)A與K兩(liang)端，脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)同乎(hu)無(wu)壓(ya)降(jiang)，微小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不能帶(dai)動脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作，因此(ci)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)守(shou)侯狀態(tai)，斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)正常合閘狀態(tai)。當零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)感(gan)(gan)應出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)能觸發可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)G極(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)A與K兩(liang)端完全(quan)導通(tong)，電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)幾乎(hu)為0，全(quan)部壓(ya)降(jiang)加(jia)在脫扣線圈兩(liang)端，脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈產生(sheng)足夠大(da)的(de)(de)吸力，帶(dai)動脫扣機構(gou)動作，從而(er)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，實現自我保(bao)護。

漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)斷路(lu)器與漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)器（脫扣(kou)器）二(er)部分拼裝(zhuang)起來(lai)就構成一個(ge)完整的漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)斷路(lu)器，具有過載、 短(duan)路(lu)、漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)功(gong)能，根據客戶要求還可增加過壓(ya)保護(hu)功(gong)能，過壓(ya)保護(hu)功(gong)能的實現(xian)是(shi)由漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)器的電(dian)子組(zu)件(jian)板增加功(gong)能而實現(xian)的。