什么是(shi)靜(jing)電涂料 靜(jing)電塑粉(fen)的工作原理(li)

一、什么是防靜電涂料

導(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)涂料(liao)(liao)的名稱(cheng)，有抗靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)涂料(liao)(liao)和防靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)涂料(liao)(liao)，以國家制訂的一系列標準，采用(yong)導(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)涂料(liao)(liao)，從工業建筑(zhu)及(ji)設備設計采用(yong)導(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)涂料(liao)(liao)，從涂料(liao)(liao)的功能(neng)分析，涂料(liao)(liao)能(neng)在10－2秒(miao)的短時間內(nei)，導(dao)(dao)泄(xie)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓積(ji)蓄，避免(mian)產生(sheng)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)引起(qi)火警(jing)或破壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件的事故(gu)，而(er)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的產生(sheng)與積(ji)蓄是自(zi)然界客(ke)觀存在，沒(mei)有抵抗的的技(ji)能(neng)，用(yong)于織物的沒(mei)有測定過(guo)導(dao)(dao)泄(xie)的理論的防靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑產品，能(neng)防止服裝在穿著過(guo)程中(zhong)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的積(ji)累。

二、防靜電涂料工作原理

工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)涂的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)或(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)杯(bei)(bei)部(bu)分接(jie)負極，工(gong)(gong)件接(jie)正(zheng)極并(bing)接(jie)地， 在高壓(ya)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)發生(sheng)器的(de)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)作用下，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)（或(huo)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)盤、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)杯(bei)(bei)）的(de)端(duan)部(bu)與工(gong)(gong)件之間(jian)就(jiu)形成(cheng)一個靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)。涂料微粒所(suo)受到的(de)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)力與靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)主(zhu)和(he)涂料微粒的(de)帶電(dian)(dian)量(liang)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)，而(er)與噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)件間(jian)的(de)距離(li)成(cheng)反比(bi)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)足夠(gou)高時(shi)，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)端(duan)部(bu)附(fu)近區域形成(cheng)空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)區，空(kong)氣(qi)激烈地離(li)子化和(he)發熱，使噴(pen)(pen)(pen)槍(qiang)端(duan)部(bu)銳邊或(huo)極針周圍形成(cheng)一個暗(an)紅色的(de)暈圈(quan)，在黑暗(an)中能(neng)明(ming)顯看見，這時(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)產生(sheng)強烈的(de)電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)。

涂料中的成膜物(wu)即(ji)樹脂和顏料等大多數是(shi)由(you)高分子有機化合物(wu)組成，多成為導電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)，溶劑形涂料除成膜物(wu)外(wai)還(huan)有有機溶劑、助溶劑、固化劑、靜電(dian)(dian)稀釋(shi)劑、及其他(ta)各類添加劑等物(wu)質(zhi)。

這(zhe)類溶(rong)劑性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)除了苯(ben)、二甲苯(ben)、溶(rong)劑汽油等，大多是極性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率較低，有(you)一定的導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)，它們能(neng)提高(gao)涂料的帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的分子結(jie)構可(ke)分為極性(xing)(xing)分子和非極性(xing)(xing)分子二種。極性(xing)(xing)分子組成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在受外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作用時，顯示(shi)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)；非極性(xing)(xing)分子組成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作用下，顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極性(xing)(xing)，從(cong)而對(dui)外(wai)來的導性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷產(chan)生(sheng)親合(he)力(li)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中其外(wai)表(biao)面能(neng)局部帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)經噴嘴霧化(hua)后噴出(chu)，被霧化(hua)的(de)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)微(wei)粒通過槍口的(de)極(ji)針或(huo)噴盤、噴杯的(de)邊緣時因接觸而帶電(dian)，當經過電(dian)暈放電(dian)所產生的(de)氣體電(dian)離(li)區時，將再一次增加其表(biao)面(mian)(mian)電(dian)荷密(mi)度。這些帶負電(dian)荷的(de)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)微(wei)粒的(de)靜電(dian)場作(zuo)用(yong)下，向導(dao)極(ji)性的(de)工(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)運(yun)動，并被沉(chen)積在工(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)上形成(cheng)均勻(yun)的(de)涂(tu)膜。