蓄電池的分類

鉛酸蓄電池

常(chang)用的車用蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)主(zhu)要分為三類(lei)：普通蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)、干荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)和免維護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)。

1、普通蓄電池

普通蓄電池的極板是由鉛和鉛的氧化物構成，電解液是(shi)硫酸的(de)水(shui)溶(rong)液。它的(de)主要優(you)點是(shi)電(dian)壓穩定、價格(ge)便宜；缺點是(shi)比能(neng)低 ( 即每(mei)公斤蓄電(dian)池存儲的(de)電(dian)能(neng) ) 、使(shi)用壽命(ming)短和日常維護(hu)頻繁。

2、干荷蓄電池

它(ta)的(de)(de)全稱是(shi)干(gan)式(shi)荷電(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池，它(ta)的(de)(de)主要特點是(shi)負極(ji)板有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)儲電(dian)能力，在完全干(gan)燥狀態下，能在兩年內保存所(suo)得到(dao)的(de)(de)電(dian)量，使用時，只(zhi)需加入(ru)電(dian)解(jie)液，等(deng)過 20 — 30 分鐘就可(ke)使用。

3、免維護蓄電池

免(mian)維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)電池由于自(zi)身(shen)結(jie)構上(shang)的(de)優(you)勢，電解(jie)液(ye)的(de)消(xiao)耗量非常小(xiao)(xiao)，在(zai)使用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)內基本(ben)不需(xu)要補充(chong)蒸餾水。它還(huan)具有耐震(zhen)、耐高溫、體積小(xiao)(xiao)、自(zi)放電小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)特點。使用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)一般為普通蓄(xu)電池的(de)兩(liang)倍。市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)免(mian)維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)電池也有兩(liang)種：第(di)一種在(zai)購(gou)買(mai)時(shi)一次(ci)性加(jia)(jia)(jia)電解(jie)液(ye)以后使用(yong)中不需(xu)要維(wei)護(hu)( 添加(jia)(jia)(jia)補充(chong)液(ye) ) ；另一種是電池本(ben)身(shen)出廠(chang)時(shi)就已(yi)經加(jia)(jia)(jia)好電解(jie)液(ye)并封死(si)，用(yong)戶根本(ben)就不能加(jia)(jia)(jia)補充(chong)液(ye)。

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UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱(cheng)為不(bu)(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，是(shi)因(yin)為停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時候，它能快速轉換到"逆(ni)變(bian)"狀(zhuang)態，從(cong)而不(bu)(bu)會讓在(zai)使用(yong)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)因(yin)為突(tu)然(ran)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)未來得及存儲而失(shi)去重要文件(jian)。 不(bu)(bu)是(shi)用(yong)來當備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源用(yong)的(de)(de)，如果你只是(shi)想在(zai)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時候可以用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，光買逆(ni)變(bian)器就(jiu)夠了。 一般(ban)家(jia)用(yong)UPS里用(yong)的(de)(de)大多是(shi)，免維(wei)護型鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

磷酸鐵鋰蓄電池

磷(lin)(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)家(jia)族中最安(an)全的高比能量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。磷(lin)(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)非(fei)常平穩，一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)3.2 V，放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)（主要指剩(sheng)余的10%容量(liang)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化(hua)較快，截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)2.5 V。環境溫(wen)度特別是(shi)(shi)低溫(wen)會(hui)對磷(lin)(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)產生影響(xiang)：-20℃的放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)是(shi)(shi)常溫(wen)容量(liang)的45%，-10℃是(shi)(shi)常溫(wen)的65%，-5℃是(shi)(shi)常溫(wen)的80%，0℃是(shi)(shi)常溫(wen)的90%，0℃～20℃的放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)變化(hua)非(fei)常小(xiao)。磷(lin)(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的低溫(wen)性能優于鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。

超級蓄電池

”超(chao)級蓄電池——發動(dong)機啟(qi)動(dong)電源”是一種(zhong)當內(nei)(nei)燃機配用的傳(chuan)統蓄電池失效而(er)無法(fa)實施啟(qi)動(dong)時，能通過(guo)快速(su)儲能后向內(nei)(nei)燃機提供啟(qi)動(dong)電源的裝置。

傳(chuan)統蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原理及(ji)缺陷：2013年以(yi)內(nei)燃機為動力的(de)設備主要采用(yong)傳(chuan)統蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)(zuo)為啟(qi)(qi)動電(dian)源(yuan)，由(you)于(yu)傳(chuan)統蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)受使用(yong)壽命、存放時間、環境(jing)溫度等因素的(de)限制，會導(dao)致儲量降低或內(nei)阻過大而失效，從而無法(fa)(fa)實施啟(qi)(qi)動。同時，由(you)于(yu)這些因素難(nan)以(yi)預測和控制，內(nei)燃機無法(fa)(fa)啟(qi)(qi)動的(de)情(qing)況隨時可能(neng)發生而令人束手無策(ce)，特(te)別是當用(yong)于(yu)消防、救災、軍事、通訊(xun)等用(yong)途的(de)裝備或體(ti)積(ji)龐大的(de)工(gong)程機械遇(yu)到這種(zhong)情(qing)況時，可能(neng)會造成(cheng)極為嚴重的(de)后果。

傳統蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)每降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)10℃內(nei)阻約增大(da)(da)15%，蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)內(nei)阻超(chao)過正常(chang)值25%，該容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)已降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)到其標稱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80%左右，如果(guo)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻超(chao)過正常(chang)值的(de)(de)50%，該蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)已降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)到其標稱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80%以(yi)下。若有新(xin)型的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)與傳統蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)設計為(wei)并聯(lian)配置(zhi)的(de)(de)話(hua)，就可以(yi)瞬時釋(shi)放大(da)(da)電(dian)流，從而解決因(yin)低(di)溫(wen)啟動設備困(kun)難問題，同時大(da)(da)大(da)(da)延(yan)長傳統蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。