蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(Storage Battery)是(shi)將化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)能直接轉化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)一種(zhong)裝置，是(shi)按可再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，通過(guo)可逆的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)實現(xian)再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常是(shi)指鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，它是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中的(de)(de)一種(zhong)，屬于二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。它的(de)(de)工作原理：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時利用(yong)外部(bu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使內(nei)部(bu)活性物質(zhi)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)能儲存(cun)為化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)能，需要放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時再(zai)(zai)次把化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)能轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸出，比如生(sheng)活中常用(yong)的(de)(de)手(shou)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)。

方程式如下：

總反(fan)應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可逆符號2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放電時：負Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總(zong)Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰(yin)極PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注（充電時陰極為放電時負極）

詳細>>

鉛酸蓄(xu)電池

常用的車用蓄(xu)電(dian)池主要分為三類：普通蓄(xu)電(dian)池、干荷(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)池和免(mian)維護蓄(xu)電(dian)池。

普(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池：普(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)極板是由鉛和鉛的(de)氧化物構成，電(dian)

解(jie)液是(shi)硫酸的水(shui)溶液。它(ta)的主(zhu)要優(you)點是(shi)電壓穩定、價格便宜；缺(que)點是(shi)比(bi)能低(即(ji)每公斤(jin)蓄電池(chi)存儲的電能)、使(shi)用壽(shou)命短和日常維(wei)護頻繁。

干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)：它(ta)的全稱是(shi)干式(shi)荷電(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，它(ta)的主要特(te)點是(shi)負極(ji)板有較高的儲電(dian)能(neng)力，在(zai)完全干燥狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，能(neng)在(zai)兩年內保存所得到的電(dian)量，使(shi)用(yong)時，只需加入電(dian)解(jie)液，等過20—30分鐘(zhong)就(jiu)可使(shi)用(yong)。

免維(wei)護(hu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)：免維(wei)護(hu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)由于(yu)自身結構上的(de)優(you)勢，電(dian)解(jie)液的(de)消耗(hao)量非常小(xiao)，在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命內(nei)基本不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要補充(chong)(chong)(chong)蒸餾水。它還(huan)具有耐(nai)震、耐(nai)高(gao)溫、體積小(xiao)、自放(fang)電(dian)小(xiao)的(de)特點。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)普通蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)兩(liang)倍。市場上的(de)免維(wei)護(hu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)也有兩(liang)種：第一(yi)種在購買時一(yi)次性加(jia)(jia)電(dian)解(jie)液以后使用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要維(wei)護(hu)(添加(jia)(jia)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)液)；另一(yi)種是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身出廠時就(jiu)已經(jing)加(jia)(jia)好(hao)電(dian)解(jie)液并封死(si)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶根(gen)本就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能加(jia)(jia)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)液。

UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱為不間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，是(shi)因為停電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候，它能快速(su)轉換到(dao)"逆變"狀態，從而(er)(er)不會讓在使用(yong)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)腦因為突然停電(dian)(dian)未來(lai)得及存儲而(er)(er)失(shi)去重要文件(jian)。 不是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)當備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用(yong)的(de)，如果你(ni)只是(shi)想在停電(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)候可以用(yong)電(dian)(dian)，光買逆變器就(jiu)夠(gou)了(le)。 一般家用(yong)UPS里用(yong)的(de)大多是(shi)，免維(wei)護型鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池。

詳細(xi)>>

蓄電池(chi)壽命多(duo)久

老(lao)式普通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池一般壽命在2年左(zuo)右，而且需定(ding)期檢(jian)查電(dian)解液的高度并添(tian)加(jia)蒸餾水。免(mian)維護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的壽命則為3年左(zuo)右。

影響蓄電池內阻的因素

1、蓄(xu)電池(chi)使(shi)(shi)用的時間：隨著使(shi)(shi)用時間的增加，使(shi)(shi)電解液(ye)失(shi)水、極(ji)板與連接條的腐蝕、極(ji)板的硫(liu)酸(suan)化、極(ji)板變形及活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的脫落等因素，造成蓄(xu)電池(chi)容量減小，蓄(xu)電池(chi)內阻(zu)變大。

2、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量：由于注入蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)深度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)極表面(mian)反應物(wu)質的(de)厚度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)極表面(mian)的(de)孔隙率等不同，而(er)使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)內阻相差較大，從而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量也相差較大。

3、溫度：環境溫度的變(bian)化，例如上升，這(zhe)時(shi)反應物質(zhi)(zhi)的擴散加(jia)快、電荷(he)傳遞、電極動(dong)力學過程和物質(zhi)(zhi)轉移更容易進(jin)行(xing)，因而蓄電池(chi)內阻減小。反之，就會增加(jia)。

4、蓄電池(chi)的(de)(de)型號：不(bu)(bu)同(tong)生產廠、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)種類、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)型號的(de)(de)蓄電池(chi)，由于電極、電解(jie)液(ye)、隔膜的(de)(de)材(cai)料配方(fang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，電池(chi)的(de)(de)結構不(bu)(bu)同(tong)、裝配工藝不(bu)(bu)同(tong)而使蓄電池(chi)內阻產生差異。

詳(xiang)細>>

1、選擇品牌的蓄(xu)電池

購(gou)買(mai)汽車蓄電池時(shi)，盡量(liang)買(mai)品牌的(de)，質量(liang)有保(bao)證。但是要注意，品牌的(de)也(ye)有假冒的(de)，要去正(zheng)規的(de)汽配中心購(gou)買(mai)才行。

2、小心翻新的

有(you)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電池(chi)看(kan)起來(lai)很新(xin)(xin)，很可能是翻新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)，這就要看(kan)蓄(xu)電池(chi)的(de)(de)做工是否精細、外包裝(zhuang)是否嚴密等。

3、要有保質期

購(gou)買了(le)汽車新蓄電池，要有一(yi)定的保(bao)質期才行，這樣的蓄電池才能用(yong)住。不要使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)段時間后就虧電無法使(shi)用(yong)了(le)。

4、注意(yi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)接口是否嶄新

蓄電池購(gou)買后，要仔(zi)細查看接口，是否嶄新，有沒(mei)有用過的痕(hen)跡，有的新蓄電池被用了(le)一段時間了(le)，不宜(yi)購(gou)買。

5、蓄電(dian)池(chi)要注意(yi)用電(dian)保護

購買的新蓄(xu)電池(chi)，也要(yao)注(zhu)意用(yong)電保(bao)護，不能(neng)熄火后還開著大燈，非常耗電的。平常盡量少開收音機(ji)、燈光。

6、選擇適用的(de)蓄電(dian)池類型和規格尺寸

蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)過大過著(zhu)過小(xiao)都對使用有隱患，因此(ci)要選(xuan)擇適合自己汽車的(de)蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，并根據電(dian)器耗電(dian)的(de)大小(xiao)和特點，購(gou)買適合電(dian)器的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)。

詳細(xi)>>

1、恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)始終(zhong)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)不變，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸下(xia)降，為保(bao)(bao)持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不致因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)減(jian)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程必須逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)維(wei)持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)始終(zhong)不變，這(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)自動化程度要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)，一般簡陋的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不能滿(man)足恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最大(da)答應的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)情況(kuang)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以(yi)縮短。若從(cong)時間上考慮，采用(yong)此法(fa)有利(li)的(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)仍不變，這(zhe)(zhe)時由于大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣(qi)泡過多而(er)(er)顯沸騰狀(zhuang)，這(zhe)(zhe)不僅(jin)消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)(er)且(qie)輕(qing)易使極板上活(huo)性物質大(da)量脫落，溫升(sheng)(sheng)過高(gao)(gao)，造(zao)成極板彎(wan)曲(qu)，容量迅速下(xia)降而(er)(er)提(ti)前報廢。所以(yi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很少采用(yong)。

2、恒定電壓充電法(fa)

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓始終(zhong)保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)，叫(jiao)做恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱(cheng)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由于恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始至(zhi)后期(qi)(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓始終(zhong)保持(chi)一定(ding)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)當大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超過正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值。但隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸(jian)減(jian)小。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減(jian)至(zhi)最(zui)小甚至(zhi)為(wei)零。由此可見(jian)，采(cai)(cai)用恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于，可以避免(mian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大(da)(da)而造成(cheng)極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)損失。但其缺點是，在(zai)剛開(kai)(kai)始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)體(ti)積變(bian)化收縮太(tai)快，影(ying)響活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)機械強度，致使其脫落。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又過小，使極板(ban)深處的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)，形成(cheng)長期(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影(ying)響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一般只適用于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)較簡陋的(de)(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)小蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)(cai)用等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采(cai)(cai)用等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右，堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右。

3、有固定(ding)電阻(zu)的恒(heng)定(ding)電壓充電

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點而采用的(de)一種方法。即在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之(zhi)間串(chuan)聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，這樣充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以調整(zheng)。但有時最(zui)大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到限(xian)制，因此(ci)隨(sui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾(ji)乎成(cheng)為直(zhi)線衰減。有時使用兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值，約在2.4V時，從低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)轉(zhuan)換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，以減少出氣。

4、階段等流充(chong)電法(fa)

綜合恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期(qi)(qi)用(yong)較大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經過一段時間(jian)改(gai)用(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，至充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期(qi)(qi)改(gai)用(yong)更小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即(ji)不同(tong)階段內以不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法，叫(jiao)做階段恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。階段恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法，一般(ban)可分(fen)為兩(liang)個(ge)階段進(jin)行，也可分(fen)為多個(ge)階段進(jin)行。

階段(duan)等流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法所需(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也(ye)好(hao)。由(you)于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)較(jiao)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣減(jian)少了(le)(le)氣泡(pao)對極板(ban)活性物質的(de)(de)沖洗，減(jian)少了(le)(le)活性物質的(de)(de)脫落(luo)。這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法能延(yan)長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽(shou)命，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以是當前(qian)常用(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)(yi)般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池第(di)一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)以10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階段(duan)以20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)是非(fei)，各(ge)種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)具(ju)體要求和標準不一(yi)(yi)樣。

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1、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長久不(bu)用，它(ta)會慢(man)慢(man)自行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至報廢。因此，每隔一(yi)定時間就應啟動一(yi)次(ci)汽(qi)車，給蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。另一(yi)個(ge)辦法就是將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上的(de)(de)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)拔(ba)下來，需注意的(de)(de)是從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)柱(zhu)上拔(ba)下正、負(fu)兩根電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線，要(yao)先(xian)拔(ba)下負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線，或卸下負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和汽(qi)車底(di)盤(pan)的(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)。然(ran)后再拔(ba)去(qu)帶有正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標志（+）的(de)(de)另一(yi)端，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命，到一(yi)定的(de)(de)時期就要(yao)更換。在更換時同樣要(yao)遵循上述(shu)次(ci)序，不(bu)過在把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線接(jie)(jie)上去(qu)時，次(ci)序則恰恰相(xiang)反，先(xian)接(jie)(jie)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，然(ran)后再接(jie)(jie)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。

2、當電(dian)流表指針(zhen)顯(xian)示蓄電(dian)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)足時(shi)，要及時(shi)充電(dian)。蓄電(dian)池(chi)的蓄電(dian)量(liang)(liang)可以在(zai)儀表板上反映(ying)出來(lai)。有時(shi)在(zai)路途中發現電(dian)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)夠了，發動機又熄火啟(qi)動不(bu)了，作為臨時(shi)措施，可以向(xiang)其他的車(che)輛求助，用它們車(che)輛上的蓄電(dian)池(chi)來(lai)發動車(che)輛，將(jiang)兩(liang)個(ge)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的負極(ji)和(he)負極(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)，正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)正(zheng)極(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)。

3、電解液的(de)(de)密(mi)度應(ying)按(an)照(zhao)不(bu)同的(de)(de)地區(qu)、不(bu)同的(de)(de)季節按(an)照(zhao)標準進行(xing)相應(ying)的(de)(de)調整。

4、在虧(kui)電(dian)解液時(shi)應補(bu)充(chong)蒸餾水或專用(yong)補(bu)液。切忌用(yong)飲用(yong)純(chun)凈水代替。因為純(chun)凈水中含有多種微量元(yuan)素，對蓄電(dian)池會造成(cheng)不良(liang)影響。

5、在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)時(shi)，不間(jian)斷地使用啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機會導致蓄電(dian)(dian)池因過(guo)度放電(dian)(dian)而(er)損壞。正確(que)的(de)使用辦法是每次發動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)總(zong)長不超過(guo)5秒，再次啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)間(jian)隔(ge)時(shi)間(jian)不少(shao)于(yu)15秒。在(zai)多次啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)仍不著車(che)的(de)情況下應(ying)從電(dian)(dian)路、點火線(xian)圈(quan)或油(you)路等其他方面找原因。

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1、脈(mo)沖修復法(fa)

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池消除硫化比較好的(de)(de)方法(fa)就(jiu)是采(cai)用脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)法(fa)。在修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池時，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一般根據產品所體現的(de)(de)功能需(xu)要，采(cai)取的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為60V—300V之間(jian)，如(ru)用于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池延(yan)壽的(de)(de)產品脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)不益過大(da)，專門由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)產品的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)可以(yi)偏大(da)（如(ru)果脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)太大(da)對電(dian)(dian)池極板會造成損(sun)傷(shang)），脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)時間(jian)短，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)時間(jian)相對就(jiu)長，盡管(guan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)瞬(shun)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很高(gao)，但平均電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)并不高(gao)，對人體沒有傷(shang)害(hai)，十分(fen)安全。

市場(chang)上有(you)專門的(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)發生器(qi)(qi)銷售，但要注意選擇效果好的(de)(de)(de)一種。脈(mo)沖(chong)與(yu)蓄電(dian)池極板的(de)(de)(de)諧振很(hen)重要，這就取決與(yu)脈(mo)沖(chong)頻(pin)(pin)率大小、幅度寬(kuan)窄，脈(mo)沖(chong)頻(pin)(pin)率和(he)幅度不夠就達不到(dao)消除(chu)(chu)硫酸結晶的(de)(de)(de)效果，頻(pin)(pin)率和(he)幅度太(tai)大則(ze)會(hui)出現消除(chu)(chu)了硫化而損傷(shang)了電(dian)極板，并出現析氣現象；同時，脈(mo)沖(chong)波形(xing)也有(you)很(hen)多種，在示波器(qi)(qi)上可以(yi)顯(xian)示。

2、強電(dian)修復法

強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)修復(fu)法(fa)就是(shi)(shi)采(cai)取(qu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的持久高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)修復(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的方法(fa)，多(duo)在脈沖修復(fu)法(fa)效(xiao)果不明(ming)顯時采(cai)用(yong)。其一(yi)、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修復(fu)法(fa)：這種方法(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)采(cai)取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的1.3-1.5倍的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，如36V蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不變或接近的條件(jian)下，采(cai)用(yong)48V的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)要(yao)掌握分寸(cun)，不易過長，否則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池會因析氣發(fa)熱(re)。

3、全(quan)充全(quan)放(fang)電修復法

全(quan)(quan)充(chong)全(quan)(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)修復(fu)(fu)法就是對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采取完全(quan)(quan)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，再完全(quan)(quan)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)修復(fu)(fu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的方法。全(quan)(quan)充(chong)全(quan)(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)修復(fu)(fu)法主(zhu)要(yao)是對(dui)輕度損(sun)傷的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池具(ju)有一(yi)定的修復(fu)(fu)作用，同時此方法還可以有效的激活電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)深層(ceng)的活性物質，提高蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量。

4、補水修(xiu)復法

對蓄(xu)電池(chi)“失水”采取(qu)補(bu)水的方法便可(ke)修復，其目(mu)的是稀(xi)釋濃度(du)提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補(bu)水方法上(shang)(shang)較為(wei)簡單，只用打(da)開蓄(xu)電池(chi)上(shang)(shang)蓋，可(ke)以看(kan)見(jian)有六個圓孔，向(xiang)每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸(zheng)餾水，再(zai)浸泡24小時以上(shang)(shang)就可(ke)以了。

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