蓄電池修復是真的嗎
隨著電力供配電行業,通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展,也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比,所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外,為電動車輛、UPS系統(tong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)訊設施(shi)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)信中心(xin),衛(wei)星地面(mian)站)、內(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)車(che)、汽車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、船舶及無電(dian)(dian)(dian)區光明工(gong)程的儲(chu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源等95%以上(shang)都是使用的鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。
型(xing)號(hao)不同(tong)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境(jing)條(tiao)件不同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),其(qi)(qi)設計使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)也不同(tong)。如固定型(xing)排(pai)氣式的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在20℃~25℃,浮充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)有(you)15年(nian);VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)在5~10年(nian);牽引型(xing)(動(dong)(dong)力型(xing))排(pai)氣式鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)為1500周(zhou)次(ci)(ci);動(dong)(dong)力型(xing)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)為700次(ci)(ci)左右;電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)摩托車(che)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)三(san)輪車(che)配(pei)套的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)只有(you)350周(zhou)次(ci)(ci)左右,即一年(nian);汽(qi)車(che)上配(pei)套的(de)點火,照明,起動(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一般壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)為3~5年(nian);所以(yi)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)修復對于市(shi)場占有(you)量最(zui)(zui)大(da),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻率最(zui)(zui)高,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍最(zui)(zui)廣、壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)較(jiao)短且易出現早期失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)主(zhu)要工作的(de)對象。這些易出現早期失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對其(qi)(qi)修復后(hou)可以(yi)再次(ci)(ci)提交使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),因(yin)此大(da)大(da)的(de)延長了(le)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming),達到了(le)既(ji)環保又節(jie)(jie)約節(jie)(jie)能的(de)目(mu)的(de)。
蓄電池壞損修復的方法
一、電瓶檢測
第一步、檢查(cha)蓄(xu)電池外表狀態:
檢(jian)查蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)形是否(fou)完好。檢(jian)查蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)殼是否(fou)凸出、漏夜、斷(duan)隔(ge)、電(dian)瓶(ping)接線端子腐蝕等,如果有這(zhe)種現象,說明電(dian)瓶(ping)已(yi)經壞死;
第二步、檢查蓄電池電壓是否正常:
1、在充(chong)電(dian)進行時(二個小時后),分三次檢測每節單塊電(dian)瓶的電(dian)壓(ya),每次間隔20分鐘,如(ru)果有(you)單塊電(dian)池的電(dian)壓超(chao)過(guo)15V的,意味電(dian)(dian)瓶硫化;如果電(dian)(dian)壓始終(zhong)達不到13V以上的,說明這(zhe)節電瓶(ping)短路或(huo)單(dan)格落后(hou);
2、在放(fang)電(dian)進行時,用(yong)萬用(yong)表分(fen)三次(ci)測(ce)量每(mei)節單(dan)體電(dian)瓶的電(dian)壓,每(mei)次(ci)間(jian)隔10分鐘,如果某單塊電瓶的電壓下降的比其(qi)他幾節電瓶快,并(bing)且低于10V,加上這節電(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)時(shi)間最短(duan),那么這節電(dian)池(chi)就是問題(ti)電(dian)池(chi)。
3、檢(jian)測單(dan)塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)靜(jing)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(浮(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian))。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為零時,有兩種可(ke)能:一種是電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)完(wan)全斷路(lu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不通,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為零;另(ling)一種就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放(fang)置時間過長(chang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低至(zhi)1-2V,甚至為零(ling)。
第(di)三步、檢查蓄電(dian)池電(dian)解液(ye)是否(fou)“失水”、發黑:
檢查電解液是否變(bian)質(zhi)或“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個小(xiao)時(shi)后(hou),用手觸觸摸每節電(dian)瓶外殼側面,如(ru)果電(dian)瓶發熱燙(tang)手,這(zhe)節電(dian)池已經(jing)壞(huai)死;如(ru)果只是發熱,溫(wen)度(du)在40度左右,同時充電時充電器一直亮著紅(hong)燈,說明電池嚴重“失水(shui)”;另外也(ye)可以(yi)打開(kai)電瓶的蓋(gai)子,檢(jian)查“失水(shui)”狀態。
二、蓄電池修復方法技術
1、脈(mo)沖(chong)修復法(fa):
蓄(xu)電池(chi)消除硫化比較好的方法就是采用脈沖(chong)修復法。在修復蓄(xu)電池(chi)時,脈沖(chong)的瞬間電壓一般根據產品(pin)所體現的功能(neng)需要(yao),采取的瞬間電壓為60V—300V之間(jian)(jian),如用于蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)延壽的產品脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)不(bu)益過大(da)(da),專門由于蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)產品的脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)可以偏大(da)(da)(如果脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)太大(da)(da)對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板(ban)會造(zao)成損(sun)傷(shang)),脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)時間(jian)(jian)短,脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低,蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)時間(jian)(jian)相對就(jiu)長,盡(jin)管脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)瞬間(jian)(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很高(gao),但平(ping)均電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)并不(bu)高(gao),對人體沒有傷(shang)害,十(shi)分安全(quan)。
市場上有(you)專門的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)發生器銷售,但要(yao)注(zhu)意選擇效果好的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)。脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)與蓄(xu)電(dian)池極板(ban)的(de)(de)諧振很重要(yao),這就(jiu)取決(jue)與脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)頻率大小、幅度寬窄,脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)頻率和(he)幅度不(bu)夠就(jiu)達不(bu)到消除硫酸結晶(jing)的(de)(de)效果,頻率和(he)幅度太(tai)大則(ze)會出現消除了(le)硫化而損傷了(le)電(dian)極板(ban),并出現析氣現象(xiang);同時,脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)波(bo)形也有(you)很多種(zhong),在示波(bo)器上可以顯示。
2、強電(dian)修復法:
強電修(xiu)復法(fa)就(jiu)是采(cai)取充電時的持久(jiu)高電壓或大電流(liu)修(xiu)復蓄電池(chi)的方法(fa),多在(zai)脈沖(chong)修(xiu)復法(fa)效果(guo)不明(ming)顯(xian)時采(cai)用。其一、高電壓修(xiu)復法(fa):這種方法(fa)主要是采(cai)取電池(chi)標稱電壓的1.3-1.5倍的充電電壓修復電池,如36V蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不變或接近的(de)條件下,采用(yong)48V的充(chong)電器進行充(chong)電,充(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)要掌握分寸,不易過長,否則(ze)電池(chi)會(hui)因析(xi)氣(qi)發(fa)熱。
3、全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放電修(xiu)復法(fa):
全充全放電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)法就是(shi)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)采(cai)取完(wan)全充滿電(dian)后,再完(wan)全的(de)(de)放電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法。全充全放電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)法主要是(shi)對輕度損傷的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有一定(ding)的(de)(de)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)作用,同時此方(fang)(fang)法還(huan)可以(yi)有效的(de)(de)激活電(dian)瓶深層的(de)(de)活性物質,提高蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量。
4、補水修復法:
對(dui)蓄電(dian)池“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復,其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單,只用打開蓄電池上蓋,可以看見有六個圓孔,向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水,再浸泡24小時以上就(jiu)可以了。
5、重(zhong)新配組修(xiu)復法:
電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組,電池壞損是多方面的,可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷:對于硫化的電瓶,修復后使用效果較好;但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶,即時可以修復,因屬物理硬傷,可再利用價值不大,修復后的使用時間也極短,再修復的效果將會更差。
蓄電池修復方法
1、電池串聯修復法:這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如,市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池,而測試儀單路輸出為12V,這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池,把它們接(jie)入(ru)測(ce)試儀進行硫修(xiu)復。
2、輸出組合法:對于(yu)那種放了(le)很久的(de)電(dian)(dian)池或者說自放電(dian)(dian)很嚴重以及硫化很嚴重的(de)電(dian)(dian)池,我們不能(neng)(neng)采用補水和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復(fu)的(de)方法了(le)。而輸出組(zu)合法對嚴重硫化的(de)電(dian)(dian)池效(xiao)果比較(jiao)好(hao),在使用這(zhe)個(ge)方法時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)最好(hao)是5A。因為修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)疊加,修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)負(fu)脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于(yu)正脈(mo),選擇5A是為了(le)彌補由(you)此而產生的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)抵消。
3、活化充電法:其實蓄電(dian)池(chi)在存儲或者是使用(yong)期間,我(wo)們(men)可以定期給它進(jin)行活化充(chong)電(dian),也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是所謂(wei)的(de)均(jun)衡充(chong)電(dian),這樣對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)不可逆硫(liu)化是很有幫(bang)助的(de),因為就(jiu)(jiu)可以延長(chang)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命,是很提倡(chang)的(de)做(zuo)法。我(wo)們(men)在一般(ban)情況下,使用(yong)測試儀定期對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)—放電(dian)—充(chong)電(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)可以了。
4、加熱法:對于那種放(fang)的(de)很(hen)久的(de)電(dian)池,電(dian)解(jie)液自然就成嚴(yan)重(zhong)干涸(he)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。如(ru)果顧客急需要修復(fu)的(de)話,就可以采用這種加熱法。首先(xian)給(gei)要被修復(fu)的(de)電(dian)池補水后,為了加快電(dian)解(jie)液向電(dian)池內部滲透和自身的(de)化學反應,然后我(wo)們就把補水后的(de)電(dian)池放(fang)入70℃的(de)熱水中浸(jin)泡,最后取出電(dian)池進(jin)行正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)修復(fu)工作(zuo)。
汽車蓄電池修復技術
首先我們需要知道,蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)分為開口蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和閥控(kong)密封(feng)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩種,對(dui)于不(bu)同的種類的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)其維護方式也是不(bu)一樣的。我們第一個先來看看閥控(kong)密封(feng)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的修復方法。
1、清理
維護電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以前,首先要清(qing)理被修電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)外表的灰塵,清(qing)除端子上面的沾污和銹蝕。然后再打開排氣閥,觀察電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的電(dian)解(jie)液。
2、撬開電池蓋,根據情況處理
撬開膠(jiao)粘的(de)或者熱封的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai),露出免維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)橡膠(jiao)排氣閥,小(xiao)(xiao)心拆(chai)下(xia)排氣閥,觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部情況。檢查是否由黑色(se)雜(za)質(zhi),如果有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)黑色(se)渾濁雜(za)質(zhi),說(shuo)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)正(zheng)極板已經明(ming)顯的(de)軟(ruan)化,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修好(hao)的(de)可能性比(bi)較小(xiao)(xiao)。如果沒有(you)黑色(se)渾濁雜(za)質(zhi),需要(yao)等待4小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)以后(hou),水(shui)充(chong)分深入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。同(tong)時(shi),給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)加含0.1%~0.5%的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)剛好(hao)有(you)流動的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液。如果僅(jin)僅(jin)是因為停用時(shi)間較長而引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量下(xia)降,不需要(yao)進(jin)行本(ben)步驟(zou)操作(zuo),直接進(jin)入(ru)下(xia)面(mian)預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電
一(yi)(yi)般采用0.1c~0.25c電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),到(dao)16.2v以后,通過降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的方法(fa),維持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,一(yi)(yi)直到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降到(dao)0.03c的時(shi)候,停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以后,觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部是否還有(you)游離分(fen)子,如果沒有(you),需要補(bu)0.1%的溶液,一(yi)(yi)直到(dao)出現少許游離分(fen)子。如果每個單格里都(dou)有(you)游離分(fen)子,用傾倒和吸管吸出可見到(dao)的游離分(fen)子,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于準貧液狀態。注(zhu)意,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的時(shi)候,會有(you)氣(qi)體帶(dai)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液從排氣(qi)孔中(zhong)(zhong)溢出,為了不污染環境,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應該(gai)放到(dao)特定的容器中(zhong)(zhong)。
充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)以后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)靜(jing)止半(ban)小時以后,測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應該在12v以上,如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于12v,特別(bie)是低于10.8v,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能有(you)內短路(lu)(lu),該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經沒有(you)維修價(jia)值(zhi)。
4、蓄電池修復
連接修復儀(yi)的正(zheng)負輸出到(dao)電池(chi)的正(zheng)負極柱(zhu)上,開啟修復儀(yi),對電池(chi)進行修復。首次修復時(shi)間應(ying)該不低于48小時(shi)。
5、容量測試
給電(dian)(dian)池按照(zhao)0.1c電(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian),記錄放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流乘以(yi)時間(jian)的小(xiao)時數,就是電(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)的容(rong)量(liang)。如果電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)達(da)到到標稱容(rong)量(liang)的70%以(yi)上,結束(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)。如果容(rong)量(liang)沒有達(da)到70%的標稱容(rong)量(liang),繼續(xu)按照(zhao)步驟(zou)3充電(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)以(yi)后(hou)繼續(xu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu),一般,超期(qi)存貯一年的電(dian)(dian)池需要進行二次修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu),才可以(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)到超期(qi)存貯以(yi)前的狀(zhuang)態。