蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始(shi)(shi)終(zhong)保持不變，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡稱(cheng)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下(xia)降，為(wei)保持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不致因(yin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程必須逐漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始(shi)(shi)終(zhong)不變，這對于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的自動化程度要求較高(gao)(gao)，一般簡陋的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是不能滿足恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的。恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大(da)答(da)應的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以(yi)縮短。若(ruo)從時間上考慮，采(cai)用(yong)此法(fa)(fa)有利的。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)仍不變，這時由于(yu)大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液出氣(qi)泡過(guo)多而(er)(er)顯(xian)沸騰狀(zhuang)，這不僅消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)(er)且輕易使極板(ban)上活(huo)性物質大(da)量脫落，溫升(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)，造成(cheng)極板(ban)彎(wan)曲(qu)，容量迅速下(xia)降而(er)(er)提前報廢。所以(yi)，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)很少采(cai)用(yong)。

恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保持不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡(jian)稱恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。由于(yu)(yu)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保持一定，所以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超過正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)。但(dan)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的進(jin)行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)(jian)小。當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)(jian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最小甚至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為零。由此(ci)可見(jian)，采用(yong)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的優(you)點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)，可以(yi)避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)而造成(cheng)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)活性物(wu)(wu)質脫(tuo)落(luo)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的損失。但(dan)其缺點是，在(zai)剛(gang)開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)活性物(wu)(wu)質體積(ji)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)收縮太快(kuai)，影響(xiang)活性物(wu)(wu)質的機械(xie)強度，致使(shi)其脫(tuo)落(luo)。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又過小，使(shi)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)深處的活性物(wu)(wu)質得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)。所以(yi)這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)一般只適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)較簡(jian)陋的特殊(shu)場(chang)合(he)，如汽車上(shang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)5號干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)式的小蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。采用(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)給(gei)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸(suan)性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左右，堿性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為補救(jiu)恒定電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點(dian)而(er)采(cai)用的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)方法。即在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間(jian)串聯一(yi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以(yi)調整。但有(you)時(shi)最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到(dao)限(xian)制，因(yin)此(ci)隨(sui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎(hu)成為直線衰減。有(you)時(shi)使(shi)用兩個電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)，約在2.4V時(shi)，從低電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到(dao)高電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以(yi)減少出氣。

階段等流充電法

綜(zong)合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)法的(de)特點(dian)，蓄電(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期(qi)用較大的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過一(yi)段(duan)時間改用較小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，至(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)后期(qi)改用更小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不(bu)同(tong)階段(duan)內以不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)方法，叫做(zuo)階段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法。階段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法，一(yi)般可分為兩個階段(duan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，也可分為多個階段(duan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。

階段(duan)等流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效果也好。由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)后期改(gai)用較小(xiao)電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，這樣(yang)減(jian)少了氣泡對極板活性(xing)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)沖洗，減(jian)少了活性(xing)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)脫落。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)能(neng)延長蓄電(dian)池(chi)使用壽命，并(bing)節(jie)省電(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)又徹(che)底，所以是(shi)當前常(chang)用的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)(fa)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般蓄電(dian)池(chi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)階段(duan)以10h率電(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，第(di)二階段(duan)以20h率電(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。各階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)的(de)(de)是(shi)非，各種(zhong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)具體要求和(he)標準(zhun)不一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)。

浮充電法

間歇使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或僅(jin)在交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)才使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)為浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)。一(yi)些特殊場合(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的固定(ding)型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)般均采用(yong)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的優點主要(yao)在于(yu)能減少(shao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的析氣率，并可防止過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)同直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源并聯供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)瞬時(shi)輸出大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)有助于(yu)鎮(zhen)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的缺點是個別蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不均衡和充(chong)不足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所(suo)以(yi)需要(yao)進行(xing)定(ding)期的均衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這種(zhong)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅度恒(heng)定和周期(qi)恒(heng)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)之間(jian)有一(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)進(jin)行往極化，以進(jin)步蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流及其脈寬不受(shou)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，它是一(yi)種(zhong)開環式脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法易使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池布滿容(rong)量，但假如不增加防止(zhi)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護裝置，輕(qing)易造成強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影(ying)響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。在這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法中，固然整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程均加有往極化措施(shi)，但是這種(zhong)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)往極化措施(shi)，難于適(shi)合充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)特點是：在整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖的(de)幅(fu)值和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)出氣(qi)率始(shi)終保(bao)(bao)持不變。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程初(chu)期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)略低(di)于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)初(chu)始(shi)接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)接受的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小，所以(yi)經過(guo)一段時間后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將(jiang)超過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可(ke)接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，因(yin)而蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)將(jiang)產生較多的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)，出氣(qi)率明顯增加(jia)。此時，氣(qi)體(ti)檢測元件能夠及時發出控制(zhi)信號(hao)，迫使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)行短時放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)樣蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部(bu)的(de)極(ji)化作用很(hen)快消失，因(yin)而出氣(qi)率可(ke)以(yi)始(shi)終保(bao)(bao)持在較低(di)的(de)預定值內(nei)。目前，國(guo)外(wai)有這(zhe)樣的(de)方(fang)案。國(guo)內(nei)因(yin)缺少氣(qi)體(ti)敏(min)感元件， 對這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)很(hen)少研究。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的特點(dian)是，以恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待充(chong)(chong)到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（相當于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣點(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)）時，停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（或小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化，然后再以恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此，充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程交(jiao)替地(di)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖的頻率隨充(chong)(chong)人(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的增加(jia)而增加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖的寬度(du)隨充(chong)(chong)人(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的增加(jia)而減少。當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基本(ben)相等時，表示蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立(li)即結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根(gen)據這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方法，國內外都有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)方案(an)來(lai)實現蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方法，充電(dian)(dian)初(chu)期無往(wang)極化措施。在加(jia)有(you)往(wang)極化措施后充電(dian)(dian)脈沖寬(kuan)度不斷減小，使得(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流均勻(yun)值下降較快(kuai)，延長了充電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種方法(fa)是定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極(ji)化快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的改進(jin)(jin)。它是以恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（如IC）充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)（單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（如放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流2～3C，脈(mo)沖(chong)寬度為1ms），然后(hou)(hou)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……從加(jia)有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極(ji)化脈(mo)沖(chong)以后(hou)(hou)，用積(ji)分器件門路形跟(gen)蹤調高(gao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（提(ti)升出(chu)氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），以加(jia)快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度和進(jin)(jin)步布滿程度。其它和定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)相同(tong)。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種(zhong)方法的特點是，充(chong)電脈沖的電壓幅值保持(chi)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)，隨(sui)著充(chong)電過(guo)程的進行，蓄電池電動(dong)勢逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)上升(sheng)，充(chong)電電流(liu)(liu)幅值逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)減小，充(chong)電脈沖電流(liu)(liu)的頻(pin)率(lv)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)，在(zai)兩個充(chong)電脈沖之間加有放電往極化脈沖。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的(de)特(te)點是，根據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中的(de)極化(hua)情況選擇充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)的(de)頻率，并在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期將(jiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)限定(ding)在(zai)(zai)預選的(de)數值，使出氣率限制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)的(de)容許(xu)值。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種(zhong)方(fang)法的特(te)點是(shi)，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過(guo)程都適(shi)時加有往極化的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，在(zai)(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流恢復(fu)之前，均進行往極化效果檢測，達到一定往極化效果再轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否(fou)則(ze)再次進行往極化放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至達到往極化要求的效果才轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣，可使往極措(cuo)施適(shi)應全過(guo)程。這種(zhong)方(fang)案能(neng)有效地將(jiang)氣體析出量抑制在(zai)(zai)很小的數值內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目前(qian)的航空(kong)(kong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)均采用(yong)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法。一般酸(suan)性(xing)航空(kong)(kong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)采用(yong)恒流兩(liang)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法。堿性(xing)航空(kong)(kong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)采用(yong)恒流兩(liang)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法或恒流一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法。但這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)中(zhong)間階(jie)段(duan)(duan)闊別了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流接受率曲線，所以三階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法更(geng)好一點。

三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法是兩階(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法和恒(heng)定(ding)等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相(xiang)結合的(de)方式。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始和結束(shu)時采用恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，中間(jian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用較大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，經過一段(duan)(duan)時間(jian)改為恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流衰(shuai)減(jian)到預定(ding)值時，由第二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉到第三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。采用三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)優點是：避免了恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法開(kai)始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過大(da)(da)，而后(hou)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又過小(xiao)的(de)情況(kuang)，比二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在中間(jian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)更接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流接受率(lv)曲(qu)線。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法減(jian)少了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，延長了蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命(ming)。三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化(hua)曲(qu)線如圖(tu)1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒定大(da)(da)電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)到蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的出(chu)氣電(dian)壓時(shi)，停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)并進(jin)(jin)行放電(dian)，然(ran)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行大(da)(da)電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)過程依次交替進(jin)(jin)行。放電(dian)脈沖的寬度隨充(chong)(chong)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)量(liang)增加，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)脈沖寬度隨充(chong)(chong)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)量(liang)增加而減(jian)小(xiao)。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)量(liang)和放電(dian)量(liang)基本(ben)(ben)相等時(shi)，表明(ming)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)已基本(ben)(ben)布滿(man)，立即結束充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

地(di)方(fang)上已有這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程是(shi)(shi)三(san)相交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)接觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)、變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)及可控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)出氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，經(jing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳感器(qi)(qi)檢測并(bing)(bing)發(fa)出信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。此信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)使充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)轉(zhuan)為停止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，并(bing)(bing)發(fa)出三(san)個控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。第一(yi)個控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)關(guan)(guan)斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)發(fa)生器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。第二控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始往(wang)極(ji)化信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，它經(jing)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)延(yan)時(shi)（t1-t2）后，發(fa)出放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始脈沖(chong)，打開(kai)(kai)(kai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池開(kai)(kai)(kai)始向放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)(bing)經(jing)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)延(yan)時(shi)（t2- t3）后，發(fa)出放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關(guan)(guan)脈沖(chong)，結(jie)束放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次(ci)重復進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，直(zhi)至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束。第三(san)個控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)送給開(kai)(kai)(kai)始放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)，使其(qi)從第一(yi)次(ci)往(wang)極(ji)化放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始計(ji)時(shi)，到(dao)預定的(de)(de)時(shi)間后結(jie)束充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關(guan)(guan)機(ji)。用這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形(xing)如圖(tu)2所(suo)示。上述兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)改進(jin)方(fang)向。我國采用的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)案很(hen)多，性能(neng)差(cha)異很(hen)大。各種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命影(ying)響也大不相同。這兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)在理論上比(bi)較適合對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。

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