電梯變頻器工作原理

現在電梯都是用變頻器來控制(zhi)，當變頻(pin)器出故障就會給(gei)很多人帶來不便(bian)，如果維修人員能正確理(li)解電梯(ti)變頻(pin)器原(yuan)理(li)，那么維修就得容易了。

VVVF 是 Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency 的(de)縮寫，意為改變電壓和(he)改變頻(pin)(pin)率，也就是人們所說(shuo)的(de)變壓變頻(pin)(pin)。

CVCF 是 Constant Voltage and Constant Frequency 的(de)縮寫，意為恒(heng)電壓、恒(heng)頻率(lv)，也就是人們(men)所說的(de)恒(heng)壓恒(heng)頻。

我(wo)們(men)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)多是由交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)過變壓器變壓，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波后得到的(de)(de)(de)。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在人們(men)使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中占總使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)95％左右。無(wu)論是用于(yu)(yu)家庭(ting)還(huan)是用于(yu)(yu)工(gong)廠，單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)均按各國的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標準，如(ru)我(wo)國大(da)陸規定(ding)，直(zhi)接用戶單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為220V，三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為380V，頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)為50Hz，其它國家的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)可能(neng)于(yu)(yu)我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)不同，如(ru)有單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)100V/60Hz，三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)200V/60Hz等等，標準的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)叫工(gong)頻(pin)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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通常，把(ba)(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)工頻(pin)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)裝置稱作“變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了產生可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)，該設備首先要把(ba)(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC），這個過程(cheng)叫(jiao)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。把(ba)(ba)(ba)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC）變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（AC）的(de)(de)裝置，其科學術(shu)語為(wei)(wei)(wei)“inverter”(逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器)。一(yi)般逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器是把(ba)(ba)(ba)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)和一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。對于逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)可(ke)(ke)調、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器我們(men)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器。

變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調速器。對于主要用在儀器儀表的(de)檢測設備中的(de)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)要求(qiu)較高的(de)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)率逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)，要對波(bo)(bo)形(xing)進行整(zheng)理，可(ke)以(yi)輸出標準(zhun)的(de)正弦波(bo)(bo)，叫(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)。一般變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)是變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)價格(ge)的(de)15－－20倍(bei)。由于(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)設備中產生變(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)電(dian)壓或頻(pin)(pin)率的(de)主要裝置叫(jiao)(jiao)“inverter”，故該(gai)產品本(ben)身就被命(ming)名為“inverter”，即(ji)：變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)。

變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)也可用(yong)(yong)于家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品中，不(bu)僅有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（例如(ru)空調(diao)等），還有熒(ying)光燈等產品。用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)，既(ji)可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，又可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率。但(dan)用(yong)(yong)于熒(ying)光燈的(de)(de)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率。汽車上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）產生交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)設(she)備也以(yi)“inverter”的(de)(de)名稱進行出售(shou)。變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理被廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于各個(ge)領域。例如(ru)計算機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在該項應用(yong)(yong)中，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)于抑制(zhi)反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率的(de)(de)波動及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)瞬間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電梯變頻器維修與保養

1、電梯(ti)電氣室溫度不能太高，否則變頻器元件容易老化，最(zui)好裝有(you)空調，效果(guo)相(xiang)當不錯！

2、防止雨水淋濕，通常(chang)是在刮臺風(feng)時，窗門被(bei)風(feng)吹壞而使變頻器淋到雨水。

3、防(fang)雷(lei)電，這(zhe)個就關系到(dao)整棟樓或整個小(xiao)區防(fang)雷(lei)設施問(wen)題，被雷(lei)擊的變頻器一般損壞嚴重。

4、變(bian)頻器的散熱(re)風扇要(yao)定時清塵(chen)，發現其有(you)響聲或不運轉就要(yao)更換。

5、電(dian)(dian)梯電(dian)(dian)機有不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)響聲通常(chang)是變(bian)(bian)頻器有問題，如電(dian)(dian)機三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)平衡，這(zhe)時(shi)最好就要(yao)維修(xiu)，等到變(bian)(bian)頻器完全不(bu)行則(ze)損壞可(ke)能(neng)比(bi)較嚴重。如果自(zi)己(ji)沒有維修(xiu)經驗就不(bu)要(yao)自(zi)己(ji)維修(xiu)，避免(mian)把變(bian)(bian)頻器弄得更壞。