建筑施工有哪些流程

1、策劃決策

策(ce)劃(hua)決(jue)策(ce)是(shi)指建筑施(shi)工(gong)前期工(gong)作(zuo)階段，主(zhu)(zhu)要包括編報項(xiang)目(mu)建議書(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)可行性(xing)研究報告兩項(xiang)工(gong)作(zuo)內容。項(xiang)目(mu)建議書(shu)(shu)的主(zhu)(zhu)要作(zuo)用是(shi)為了推薦建設項(xiang)目(mu)，以(yi)便在一個(ge)確定的地區或部門內，以(yi)自然資源和(he)(he)市場(chang)預測為基(ji)礎，選擇建設項(xiang)目(mu)。可行性(xing)研究是(shi)在項(xiang)目(mu)建議書(shu)(shu)被批準后，對項(xiang)目(mu)在技術上(shang)和(he)(he)經濟上(shang)是(shi)否(fou)可行所進行的科(ke)學分(fen)析和(he)(he)論證。

該圖片由注冊用戶"科技數碼行"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、勘察設計

勘察是個(ge)復雜的工程，分為初(chu)勘和(he)詳勘兩個(ge)階(jie)段，它能為設(she)計(ji)(ji)施工圖提供(gong)實際(ji)依據(ju)(ju)。對(dui)于大(da)型(xing)復雜項目，可(ke)根據(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)同行業的特點和(he)需要，在(zai)初(chu)步設(she)計(ji)(ji)之后(hou)(hou)增加技術設(she)計(ji)(ji)階(jie)段。設(she)計(ji)(ji)出來的施工圖一(yi)經審(shen)查批(pi)準，不(bu)(bu)得擅自(zi)進行修(xiu)改，必須重新報(bao)請原(yuan)審(shen)批(pi)部門，由原(yuan)審(shen)批(pi)部門委托審(shen)查機構審(shen)查后(hou)(hou)再批(pi)準實施。

3、建設施工準備

建(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)(bei)的主要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容包括組(zu)建(jian)項目法人、征地(di)、拆(chai)遷(qian)、組(zu)織(zhi)材(cai)料、設備(bei)(bei)訂貨等等內(nei)容。辦理建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量監督(du)手續(xu)，委托工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理，準備(bei)(bei)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙，組(zu)織(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)招投標，擇優選(xuan)定施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位，辦理施(shi)工(gong)(gong)許可證等。按規(gui)定作好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)(bei)，具備(bei)(bei)開工(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件后(hou)，建(jian)設單(dan)位申(shen)請(qing)開工(gong)(gong)，進入施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安裝階段。

4、正式施工

建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程具(ju)備(bei)了(le)開工(gong)(gong)條件(jian)并取得施工(gong)(gong)許可(ke)證后方可(ke)開工(gong)(gong)。項目新開工(gong)(gong)時(shi)間，按(an)設(she)計文件(jian)中規定的任(ren)何一項永久性(xing)工(gong)(gong)程第(di)一次(ci)正(zheng)式(shi)破土(tu)開槽時(shi)間而定。不需(xu)開槽的以正(zheng)式(shi)打樁作為開工(gong)(gong)時(shi)間。鐵路、公路、水(shui)庫等(deng)以開始進行土(tu)石方工(gong)(gong)程作為正(zheng)式(shi)開工(gong)(gong)時(shi)間。

5、竣工驗收

建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)驗收是(shi)(shi)全面考核建(jian)設成果、檢驗設計和(he)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的重要步驟，也是(shi)(shi)建(jian)設項目轉入生產(chan)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的標志(zhi)。驗收合格后(hou)，建(jian)設單(dan)位編制竣工(gong)(gong)決算(suan)，項目正式投入使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。

6、考核評價

建(jian)設施工(gong)(gong)后的(de)考核評(ping)價是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)投產(chan)(chan)(chan)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間后，在對項(xiang)目的(de)立項(xiang)決策、設計施工(gong)(gong)、竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)投產(chan)(chan)(chan)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)等全過程進行系(xi)統評(ping)價的(de)一(yi)(yi)種技(ji)術活動(dong)，是(shi)(shi)固(gu)定(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理(li)的(de)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)重要內容，也是(shi)(shi)固(gu)定(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)管理(li)的(de)最后一(yi)(yi)個環(huan)節(jie)。

怎樣進行建筑施工才合理

1、先場外，后場內。

對于與場(chang)(chang)內外有聯(lian)系(xi)的(de)一些工(gong)(gong)程，如道路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程、管線工(gong)(gong)程等，其(qi)施工(gong)(gong)應(ying)從場(chang)(chang)外開(kai)始，然后再逐步向場(chang)(chang)內延伸(shen)。這樣完(wan)工(gong)(gong)一部分就有一部分可(ke)(ke)以利用(yong)，對施工(gong)(gong)就極其(qi)方便。正確(que)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)，使(shi)修建道路(lu)所(suo)需的(de)器材可(ke)(ke)以直接通過干道運抵施工(gong)(gong)地點，隨著(zhu)道路(lu)向場(chang)(chang)內延伸(shen)，修建好的(de)部分道路(lu)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)加以利用(yong)，從而(er)保證現場(chang)(chang)所(suo)需器材的(de)順利供應(ying)，既能充(chong)分發揮新建工(gong)(gong)程的(de)效(xiao)益，又能經濟地解決運輸問題，爭取施工(gong)(gong)的(de)時間(jian)。

2、先全場，后單項。

是說應該先完成全(quan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)性的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，然后(hou)再完成各獨立的(de)建筑(zhu)物(wu)和構筑(zhu)物(wu)。所謂全(quan)場(chang)(chang)(chang)性工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，是指對(dui)于許多工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施工(gong)或使用(yong)者有關的(de)、其作業面遍及整個施工(gong)現場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)那些(xie)公用(yong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，如場(chang)(chang)(chang)地平整，各種(zhong)管(guan)道、電纜(lan)線的(de)主干，場(chang)(chang)(chang)內的(de)鐵(tie)路和主要干道等(deng)。

3、先地下，后地上。

這是任何工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都須嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)遵(zun)循的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)原則(ze)。所謂(wei)先地(di)下(xia)(xia)，后(hou)地(di)上(shang)，就是說在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時應先完成零(ling)(ling)點標(biao)高以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，然后(hou)再完成零(ling)(ling)點標(biao)高以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)部分。從整(zheng)個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場來看，零(ling)(ling)點標(biao)高以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，大致包括如(ru)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作：鋪設地(di)下(xia)(xia)管網，修建專用線和現場內的(de)(de)(de)鐵路與公路。在地(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，除遵(zun)守(shou)上(shang)述(shu)順序外，還(huan)應貫徹先深后(hou)淺(qian)的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，即先做深層的(de)(de)(de)，再做淺(qian)層的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)層一(yi)層的(de)(de)(de)做上(shang)來，只有在完成零(ling)(ling)點標(biao)高以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)后(hou)，再進行地(di)面以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，地(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)按(an)照先深后(hou)淺(qian)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，在許多情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)是屬于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)要(yao)求，而一(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)是最為合理的(de)(de)(de)。

4、管線及管道工程先主干，后分支，排水先下游，其他先源頭。

管線(xian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)中的(de)先主(zhu)干(gan)(gan)、后分支(zhi)的(de)施(shi)工順序，能(neng)(neng)使完成部分的(de)工程得以迅速發(fa)(fa)揮作用(yong)(yong)。如果(guo)先進(jin)行(xing)分支(zhi)、管線(xian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)的(de)施(shi)工，由于這些(xie)管線(xian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)與(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)管、干(gan)(gan)線(xian)和干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)接(jie)(jie)通，它們也(ye)(ye)就不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)揮工程的(de)效益，上水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)，下水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)水(shui)(shui)仍(reng)然(ran)排不(bu)(bu)出去(qu)，煤氣、蒸汽、電力也(ye)(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)來源，道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)充分利用(yong)(yong)。管線(xian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)工程的(de)施(shi)工必須要首先完成主(zhu)干(gan)(gan)，道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)也(ye)(ye)就從與(yu)(yu)附(fu)近干(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)聯(lian)接(jie)(jie)處逐漸通向場內。