建筑施工有哪些流程

1、策劃決策

策(ce)(ce)劃決策(ce)(ce)是(shi)指建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)前期工(gong)作階段，主要包括編報(bao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)書和(he)可(ke)行(xing)性研(yan)究報(bao)告兩項(xiang)工(gong)作內容。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)書的(de)(de)主要作用是(shi)為(wei)了(le)推薦建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，以便在一個確(que)定的(de)(de)地區或部門內，以自然資源和(he)市場預測為(wei)基礎(chu)，選擇建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。可(ke)行(xing)性研(yan)究是(shi)在項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi)書被批準后(hou)，對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)在技術上和(he)經濟上是(shi)否可(ke)行(xing)所進行(xing)的(de)(de)科學分析和(he)論證(zheng)。

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2、勘察設計

勘(kan)(kan)察是個復(fu)雜的(de)工(gong)程，分為(wei)初勘(kan)(kan)和(he)詳勘(kan)(kan)兩(liang)個階段(duan)，它(ta)能為(wei)設(she)計(ji)施工(gong)圖提供實際依據。對于大型復(fu)雜項目(mu)，可根據不(bu)同行業(ye)的(de)特點和(he)需要(yao)，在初步(bu)設(she)計(ji)之后(hou)增加技術設(she)計(ji)階段(duan)。設(she)計(ji)出(chu)來的(de)施工(gong)圖一經(jing)審查批準，不(bu)得擅自進行修改，必須(xu)重新報(bao)請(qing)原審批部門，由原審批部門委(wei)托(tuo)審查機(ji)構(gou)審查后(hou)再批準實施。

3、建設施工準備

建設施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)的主要內容包括組建項(xiang)目(mu)法人、征地(di)、拆遷、組織材料、設備(bei)(bei)訂貨等(deng)等(deng)內容。辦理建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量監(jian)督手續，委托工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)理，準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)必要的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙，組織施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)招投標(biao)，擇(ze)優選(xuan)定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位，辦理施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)許可證等(deng)。按規(gui)定作(zuo)好施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)(bei)，具備(bei)(bei)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)后，建設單位申請(qing)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，進入施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)裝(zhuang)階段。

4、正式施工

建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)具(ju)備了開工(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)并取得施工(gong)許可證后方可開工(gong)。項目新開工(gong)時間(jian)，按設(she)計文件(jian)中(zhong)規定(ding)的(de)任何一(yi)項永久性(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)第一(yi)次正(zheng)式破(po)土開槽(cao)時間(jian)而定(ding)。不需(xu)開槽(cao)的(de)以正(zheng)式打(da)樁作(zuo)為開工(gong)時間(jian)。鐵路、公路、水庫等(deng)以開始進行土石(shi)方工(gong)程(cheng)作(zuo)為正(zheng)式開工(gong)時間(jian)。

5、竣工驗收

建筑工程竣工驗收(shou)是(shi)全(quan)面考核(he)建設成果、檢驗設計(ji)和施(shi)工質(zhi)量的(de)重要(yao)步驟，也是(shi)建設項(xiang)目(mu)轉入生(sheng)產和使(shi)用的(de)標志。驗收(shou)合格后，建設單(dan)位編制竣工決(jue)算，項(xiang)目(mu)正(zheng)式投入使(shi)用。

6、考核評價

建設施工后的(de)考(kao)核(he)評(ping)價(jia)是工程項(xiang)目竣(jun)工投產(chan)(chan)、生產(chan)(chan)運(yun)(yun)營一段時(shi)間后，在對項(xiang)目的(de)立項(xiang)決(jue)策、設計(ji)施工、竣(jun)工投產(chan)(chan)、生產(chan)(chan)運(yun)(yun)營等全過(guo)程進行系統評(ping)價(jia)的(de)一種技術活動，是固定(ding)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理的(de)一項(xiang)重要內容，也(ye)是固定(ding)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)投資(zi)管(guan)理的(de)最后一個(ge)環節。

怎樣進行建筑施工才合理

1、先場外，后場內。

對于與場(chang)(chang)內外(wai)有聯系的(de)一些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，如道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、管線工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等，其(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應從場(chang)(chang)外(wai)開(kai)始，然后再(zai)逐步向(xiang)場(chang)(chang)內延伸(shen)(shen)。這(zhe)樣完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一部分(fen)(fen)就有一部分(fen)(fen)可以(yi)利用，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)就極(ji)其(qi)方便。正(zheng)確的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順序，使修(xiu)建道(dao)路(lu)所需的(de)器(qi)材(cai)可以(yi)直(zhi)接通過干道(dao)運抵施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地點，隨著道(dao)路(lu)向(xiang)場(chang)(chang)內延伸(shen)(shen)，修(xiu)建好的(de)部分(fen)(fen)道(dao)路(lu)即可加以(yi)利用，從而保證現(xian)場(chang)(chang)所需器(qi)材(cai)的(de)順利供(gong)應，既能(neng)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)發揮(hui)新(xin)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)效益(yi)，又(you)能(neng)經濟(ji)地解決運輸問題，爭取施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)時間(jian)。

2、先全場，后單項。

是說應該先完成(cheng)全場(chang)性的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程，然后再完成(cheng)各獨立的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)物和(he)(he)構筑(zhu)物。所謂全場(chang)性工(gong)(gong)程，是指對于許多工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)或(huo)使用(yong)者有(you)關的(de)(de)、其作業面遍及整(zheng)個施工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)那些公用(yong)工(gong)(gong)程，如場(chang)地平整(zheng)，各種管道(dao)、電纜(lan)線的(de)(de)主(zhu)干(gan)，場(chang)內的(de)(de)鐵路(lu)和(he)(he)主(zhu)要干(gan)道(dao)等。

3、先地下，后地上。

這(zhe)是(shi)任何工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)須(xu)嚴(yan)格遵(zun)循的(de)(de)(de)重要原(yuan)則。所謂先地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)，后地(di)(di)上(shang)，就是(shi)說在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時應(ying)(ying)先完(wan)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，然后再(zai)完(wan)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分。從整(zheng)個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場來(lai)看(kan)，零(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，大致(zhi)包括如下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作：鋪設地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)網，修建專用線(xian)和現(xian)場內的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路與公路。在地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，除遵(zun)守上(shang)述(shu)順序(xu)外(wai)，還應(ying)(ying)貫徹先深(shen)(shen)后淺(qian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，即先做(zuo)深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)，再(zai)做(zuo)淺(qian)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)上(shang)來(lai)，只有(you)在完(wan)成(cheng)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)標高以(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之后，再(zai)進行地(di)(di)面(mian)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)按照先深(shen)(shen)后淺(qian)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，在許多情況下(xia)(xia)是(shi)屬于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)格要求(qiu)，而一(yi)般情況下(xia)(xia)也是(shi)最為合理的(de)(de)(de)。

4、管線及管道工程先主干，后分支，排水先下游，其他先源頭。

管(guan)線(xian)道(dao)路(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先主干(gan)(gan)、后(hou)分(fen)支(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)順序，能使完(wan)成部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)得以迅速發揮(hui)(hui)作用。如(ru)果先進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)支(zhi)、管(guan)線(xian)道(dao)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，由于這(zhe)些(xie)管(guan)線(xian)道(dao)路(lu)沒有與(yu)干(gan)(gan)管(guan)、干(gan)(gan)線(xian)和干(gan)(gan)道(dao)接通，它們也(ye)就(jiu)不能發揮(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效益，上(shang)水(shui)道(dao)不能供水(shui)，下水(shui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)仍然排(pai)不出去，煤(mei)氣(qi)、蒸汽、電(dian)力也(ye)沒有來源，道(dao)路(lu)也(ye)不能充分(fen)利用。管(guan)線(xian)道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)必須要(yao)首(shou)先完(wan)成主干(gan)(gan)，道(dao)路(lu)也(ye)就(jiu)從與(yu)附近干(gan)(gan)道(dao)聯接處逐漸通向(xiang)場內。