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【建筑施工知識百科】建筑施工流程 建筑工程施工安全規范

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建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),指通過對各類房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)附屬設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)和與其(qi)(qi)配套(tao)的線(xian)路、管道、設備的安裝活動所形成的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)體。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)指工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階段的生產活動,是(shi)各類建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)過程(cheng)。下面,就來了解下建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)規范、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)程(cheng)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖等(deng)有關(guan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的知識。

目錄
建筑工程類別
建筑工程施工許可證
建筑工程施工合同
建筑施工安全規范
建筑施工流程
建筑工程工具
建筑施工圖
建筑施工企業

1
建筑工程類別

1.建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)類別劃分(fen)以(yi)(yi)單(dan)位(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為(wei)對象,組成(cheng)單(dan)位(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)分(fen)項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),如(ru)裝飾(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),鋼構件分(fen)別承(cheng)發(fa)包時,仍以(yi)(yi)單(dan)位(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)類別作(zuo)為(wei)確定(ding)分(fen)項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)類別的(de)(de)依據(ju)。

2.在(zai)同一(yi)類別工程中(zhong)(zhong)有兩(liang)個特征指標的(de),凡符合(he)其中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)者,即為該工程的(de)類別。

3.由不同類(lei)型工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)混合組(zu)成的(de)(de)單(dan)位工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(如(ru)商住(zhu)樓),按占面積(ji)比例最(zui)大的(de)(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)別(bie)(bie)為對象確(que)定(ding)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)別(bie)(bie),同一類(lei)別(bie)(bie)的(de)(de)單(dan)位工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中有(you)不同的(de)(de)檐(yan)口高(gao)(gao)度和(he)層數(shu)(shu),選最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)檐(yan)高(gao)(gao)和(he)層數(shu)(shu)確(que)定(ding)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)別(bie)(bie)。

4.附屬(shu)工程如傳達室(shi),民用水(shui)加壓泵(beng)房,圍墻,下水(shui)道,化糞池,陰井等(deng)執行四類(lei)工程。

5.裝飾工(gong)程是指建筑工(gong)程綜合預算定額裝飾冊(ce)包(bao)括的相應項目,其類(lei)別(bie)按主體建筑工(gong)程的類(lei)別(bie)執行(xing)。【詳細(xi)>>

2
建筑工程施工許可證

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程施工(gong)許(xu)可證是為了加強對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)活動(dong)的監督(du)管理,維護建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市場秩序(xu),保證建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程的質量和(he)安(an)全。

建(jian)設單位在(zai)開工前應(ying)當依(yi)照(zhao)本辦法的規定,向工程所在(zai)地(di)的縣級以上人(ren)民(min)政府建(jian)設行政主管(guan)部門(以下簡稱發證機關(guan))申請領(ling)取施工許可證。

工程投(tou)資(zi)額在30萬元以下或者建筑面積在(zai)300平(ping)方米以(yi)下的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑工程,可以(yi)不申請辦(ban)理(li)施(shi)工許(xu)可證。省(sheng)、自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)、直轄市人民政府建(jian)(jian)設行政主(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)可以(yi)根據當(dang)地的(de)(de)實際情況,對限(xian)額進行調整(zheng),并(bing)報國務院建(jian)(jian)設行政主(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)備案。按照(zhao)國務院規(gui)定的(de)(de)權限(xian)和(he)程序批準(zhun)開工報告的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑工程,不再領取(qu)施(shi)工許(xu)可證。

在獲得建筑工程施工許可證的同時,施工單位還要獲得中國產品強制認證報告,又稱公正檢驗,指兩個相互聯系的主體之外的某個客體,我們把它叫作第三方。【詳(xiang)細>>

3
建筑工程施工合同

建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)是指發包(bao)(bao)方(fang)(建(jian)(jian)設單(dan)位)和(he)(he)承包(bao)(bao)方(fang)(施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人)為完成商定的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),明確相互(hu)權利、義務的(de)協議。依(yi)照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應完成建(jian)(jian)設單(dan)位交給的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)任務,建(jian)(jian)設單(dan)位應按照規(gui)定提(ti)供必要條件(jian)并支(zhi)(zhi)付工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價款。建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)是承包(bao)(bao)人進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),發包(bao)(bao)人支(zhi)(zhi)付價款的(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong),是建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)主要合(he)(he)(he)同(tong),同(tong)時也是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設質量控(kong)制、進(jin)度(du)控(kong)制、投資控(kong)制的(de)主要依(yi)據(ju)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)當事人是發包(bao)(bao)方(fang)和(he)(he)承包(bao)(bao)方(fang),雙方(fang)是平等的(de)民事主體。

國家2013版《建(jian)設工程施工合(he)同(tong)(示(shi)范(fan)文(wen)本)》(GF-2013-0201)已(yi)由住建(jian)部(bu)、國家工商(shang)總(zong)局(ju)于2013年聯合發布(bu)使用,原《建(jian)設工程施工合同(tong)(示(shi)范文本)》(GF-1999-0201)同時廢止。詳細>>

4
建筑施工安全規范

1.各(ge)(ge)級(ji)施工(gong)(gong)管理單位的干(gan)部和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)人員(yuan),必(bi)須掌握和認(ren)真執行《建筑(zhu)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)全技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》的各(ge)(ge)項規(gui)(gui)定;各(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)種的工(gong)(gong)人,必(bi)須熟(shu)悉本工(gong)(gong)種的安(an)全技術(shu)操作規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)。凡是不了解建筑(zhu)安(an)全規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的技術(shu)人員(yuan)和未(wei)經過安(an)全技術(shu)培(pei)訓的工(gong)(gong)人、民工(gong)(gong),都不能參加施工(gong)(gong)。

2.為了做到安(an)全生(sheng)產、文明生(sheng)產,必須(xu)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前編(bian)制施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計,做好施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)平面布置。一切附屬設(she)施(shi)(shi)的搭(da)設(she)、機(ji)械安(an)裝(zhuang)、運輸道路(lu)、上下(xia)水(shui)道、電力網、蒸汽管道和其(qi)它臨(lin)時工(gong)(gong)程的位置,都(dou)需在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計場(chang)區(qu)規劃中(zhong)仔細合理安(an)排,做到即安(an)全文明,又(you)合理使用(yong)平面和空間。

3.施(shi)工(gong)現場周圍(wei)應(ying)設柵(zha)欄,有懸崖、陡坡等危險(xian)的地區設柵(zha)欄和警戒標志,夜間要設紅(hong)燈示警。施(shi)工(gong)現場地面應(ying)平整(zheng),溝、坑應(ying)填平或設置蓋(gai)板。

4.按(an)規定使用(yong)安全“三寶”(安全帽、安全帶、安全網。)任何人員進入施工現場必須戴安全帽。【詳細(xi)>>

5
建筑施工流程

1.土(tu)方開(kai)挖(wa)后,承(cheng)臺(tai)磚胎(tai)膜砌筑;2.承臺基礎梁磚胎膜(mo)砌筑;

3.承臺、底板墊層砼澆搗;4.地下(xia)室底板及(ji)承臺基礎梁防水(shui)卷材施工;

5.鋼筋綁扎中(zhong);6.地下室外墻及(ji)消防水池的施工縫處的止(zhi)水鋼(gang)板焊接施工中;

7.外墻(qiang)施工(gong)縫(feng)處(chu)模板掛模;8.外(wai)墻模板掛模,注意(yi)要用止水(shui)螺桿(gan);

9.管(guan)道預埋(mai);10.高(gao)低跨處模(mo)板的下(xia)部我們焊上了(le)鋼筋支架;

11、止(zhi)水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)在柱的節點,當然(ran)各地在此次的做(zuo)法(fa)可(ke)以都不大一樣啊,有的地方的止(zhi)水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)有直接通過(guo)柱的箍(gu)筋,也(ye)就是箍(gu)筋斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai),止(zhi)水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)不斷(duan)(duan),然(ran)后箍(gu)筋采取焊接。有的地方就是止(zhi)水鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)到柱邊(bian)就斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai),保證(zheng)柱箍(gu)筋不斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)。詳(xiang)細>>

瓦工常用的操(cao)作工具:瓦刀、拉拉車(che)、砂漿機(ji)、馬凳、鋼卷尺、鐵鍬等

木工常用(yong)工具(ju):手(shou)鋸(ju)、釘錘(chui)、電鋸(ju)、電刨、自制推刨等

鋼筋工(gong)(gong)常用工(gong)(gong)具:綁扎(zha)勾、彎曲機(ji)、對焊機(ji)、電焊機(ji)、切斷機(ji)等

垂直(zhi)運輸設備:塔吊、龍門(men)架

鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)工設備:鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)調直機(ji)(ji)、鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)彎曲機(ji)(ji)、鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)切斷機(ji)(ji)

木工(gong)加工(gong)設(she)備:電(dian)鋸(ju)、電(dian)刨(bao)、壓刨(bao)

還有混凝土攪拌機、電焊機等。【詳細>>

大體上建筑施工圖包(bao)括以下(xia)部分:圖紙目錄,門(men)窗表,建筑設計總說(shuo)明(ming),一層~屋頂的平面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),正(zheng)立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),背(bei)立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),東立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),西立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),剖面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(視情況(kuang),有多個),節點大樣圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)門窗大樣圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),樓(lou)梯(ti)大樣圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(視功(gong)能可能有多個樓(lou)梯(ti)及(ji)電梯(ti))。作為(wei)一(yi)個結(jie)構設計師必須認真嚴(yan)謹的把建筑(zhu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)理(li)一(yi)遍(bian),不懂(dong)的地(di)方需要向建筑(zhu)及(ji)建筑(zhu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)上涉及(ji)的其他專(zhuan)業請(qing)教,要做到絕(jue)對(dui)明了(le)建筑(zhu)的設計構思和意圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。詳(xiang)細(xi)>>

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