【濟寧天氣】濟寧氣候特(te)點 濟寧地(di)理環境(jing)

濟寧氣候特點

地處暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風(feng)氣候區(qu)。氣候具有四季(ji)分(fen)明、光照充(chong)足、雨(yu)熱同季(ji)、降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中、干濕交替、無霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)長、偶有災害的特點。氣溫(wen)(wen)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)1月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)-1．7℃，7月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不低于(yu)0℃的農耕期(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)296天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)5076．7℃。不低于(yu)10℃的喜(xi)溫(wen)(wen)作(zuo)物生長期(qi)(qi)(qi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)215天(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)活動積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)4571．9℃。低于(yu)0℃的越(yue)冬(dong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)約70天(tian)，負積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)707．1毫(hao)米(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多1394．8毫(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)少只(zhi)有285．6毫(hao)米(mi)。夏(xia)季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)441．7毫(hao)米(mi)，占(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的2．5％。冬(dong)季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)，只(zhi)有27．8毫(hao)米(mi)，僅占(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數為(wei)(wei)61～85天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)(chu)雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早在11月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)，終雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)晚在4月(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)。降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)6．6～12天(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)量(liang)20毫(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)多40～50毫(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)少不足0．5毫(hao)米(mi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照數2406．8小(xiao)時，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)2272．3小(xiao)時。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)夏(xia)季(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照最(zui)(zui)(zui)長，冬(dong)季(ji)最(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)照長短(duan)的月(yue)(yue)際變化是6月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長，2月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)短(duan)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照百分(fen)率為(wei)(wei)53～56％。霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)初(chu)(chu)霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)，終霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，無霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)199天(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)土壤(rang)凍(dong)(dong)結日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)，解(jie)凍(dong)(dong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)，凍(dong)(dong)土期(qi)(qi)(qi)110大，凍(dong)(dong)土深一般(ban)20～30厘米(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟寧位于魯(lu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)腹地(di)，地(di)處(chu)黃(huang)淮(huai)海平原與(yu)(yu)魯(lu)中(zhong)南(nan)山(shan)地(di)交接地(di)帶(dai)。東鄰臨沂(yi)地(di)區，西(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)菏澤接壤，南(nan)面(mian)是(shi)棗莊(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)和江蘇省徐州市(shi)(shi)(shi)，北(bei)面(mian)與(yu)(yu)泰安市(shi)(shi)(shi)交界，西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)隔黃(huang)河與(yu)(yu)聊城市(shi)(shi)(shi)相望(wang)。最(zui)(zui)(zui)北(bei)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)小路口鎮鄒橋村(cun)，為(wei)北(bei)緯35°57′；最(zui)(zui)(zui)南(nan)端是(shi)微山(shan)縣(xian)高樓(lou)鄉(xiang)，為(wei)北(bei)緯34°26′；最(zui)(zui)(zui)東端是(shi)泗水縣(xian)泉林鎮，為(wei)東經117°36′；最(zui)(zui)(zui)西(xi)(xi)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)黑(hei)虎廟鄉(xiang)高堂村(cun)，為(wei)東經115°52′；總面(mian)積11187平方公(gong)里(li)；南(nan)北(bei)長167公(gong)里(li)，東西(xi)(xi)寬158公(gong)里(li)。

2、地形地貌

濟寧(ning)屬魯(lu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)泰(tai)(tai)沂低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵與(yu)魯(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)黃淮海(hai)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)交接地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質構造(zao)上(shang)屬華北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)魯(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)斷塊凹陷區(qu)(qu)。濟寧(ning)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形以(yi)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)主，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)低(di)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜。東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒綿亙(gen)，丘(qiu)(qiu)陵起(qi)伏(fu)。京滬鐵路(lu)以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)，比較(jiao)(jiao)有名的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有曲阜尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)344米(mi)），鄒城嶧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)545米(mi)），鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)，是濟寧(ning)市最(zui)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)），泗水堯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)582米(mi)），老寨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)532米(mi)）。各山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之間(jian)分布有許多小型盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓為(wei)泰(tai)(tai)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)，自(zi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)傾斜(xie)(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)起(qi)伏(fu)稍(shao)大(da)（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)降(jiang)為(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)(ping)坦的(de)(de)黃泛平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)，自(zi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)傾斜(xie)(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)，起(qi)伏(fu)較(jiao)(jiao)小（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)降(jiang)僅(jin)為(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉(jia)祥縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)金鄉縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，有零(ling)星孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、殘丘(qiu)(qiu)出露(lu)，如孟良山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)，是嘉(jia)祥縣(xian)的(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）、羊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等。中部(bu)(bu)(bu)有南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)（微(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、昭陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)總稱）貫穿南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢四(si)周高(gao)，中間(jian)低(di)，如同一(yi)碟形盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。最(zui)低(di)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)底海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度：上(shang)級湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)31.5米(mi)，下級湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)30米(mi)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)為(wei)泰(tai)(tai)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前沖(chong)積(ji)扇下緣(yuan)，自(zi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie)(xie)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)，起(qi)伏(fu)比較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)(ping)緩，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)坡(po)降(jiang)1/3000-1/5000。汶上(shang)縣(xian)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)軍(jun)屯、白石(shi)一(yi)帶(dai)有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分布。

3、氣候

濟寧(ning)市位于東亞季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區，屬暖溫帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)偏南風(feng)，受熱(re)帶(dai)海洋(yang)氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)或變性熱(re)帶(dai)海洋(yang)氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)影響(xiang)，高溫多(duo)雨；冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)偏北風(feng)，受極地大(da)(da)陸氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)影響(xiang)，多(duo)晴寒天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)；春(chun)秋兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)為大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)環(huan)流調(diao)整時期(qi)，春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)易(yi)旱多(duo)風(feng)，回暖較快；秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽，但時有陰雨。具有充裕的光能資源，是濟寧(ning)氣(qi)(qi)候的突出特點。濟寧(ning)市年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫為13.3℃一14.1℃，平(ping)均無霜期(qi)為199天(tian)。年平(ping)均降(jiang)水量在597—820毫(hao)米左右

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