【交流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電機(ji) 直流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電機(ji)】交流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電機(ji)和直流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電機(ji)的區別(bie)是什么?
交流發電機和直流發電機的區別是什么?
1、相同點
(1)結構相同:交流發電機與直(zhi)流電動機(ji)結(jie)構上都是由定子、轉子、鐵芯、線圈(quan)、磁(ci)極、電刷等組成。
(2)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)應用相同:都是電(dian)(dian)(dian)生磁(ci)、磁(ci)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象的應用。
(3)轉換使用相同:異步電動機,只要用原動機(如水輪機、柴油機等)拖動,使轉子轉速n高于旋轉磁場的同步轉速n1,即使轉差率S= 為負值,再加上激磁電流后,就變成了交流異步發電機;直流電動機,如果把它的(de)動(dong)力(li)(li)部分改(gai)變為外來動(dong)力(li)(li)轉動(dong),它的(de)電樞(shu)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)及激磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)端(duan)頭上(shang)就有直(zhi)流電壓,這(zhe)就說明(ming)直(zhi)流電動(dong)機也(ye)可以作為直(zhi)流發(fa)電機使用。
(4)運(yun)行維護相(xiang)同:運(yun)行中均(jun)需檢查其運(yun)轉、聲(sheng)音、振(zhen)動(dong)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)正常(chang),通風是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)良(liang)(liang)好,軸承潤滑油是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)充足,定子繞組及(ji)各部(bu)分的溫度是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)正常(chang),轉子電刷上(shang)有無異常(chang)火花,電壓(ya)、電流(liu)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)在額(e)定值范圍內,機殼(ke)接(jie)地或接(jie)零是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)良(liang)(liang)好等。
2、不同點
(1)工作原理(li)不(bu)同:交(jiao)流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應原理(li)制作的(de),就是(shi)說,不(bu)管是(shi)導體(ti)(線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan))運動,還是(shi)磁場(chang)運動,只要導體(ti)(線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan))與(yu)磁場(chang)之(zhi)間有(you)相(xiang)對運動,導體(ti)(線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan))切割磁力(li)線(xian)(xian)(xian),就會在導體(ti)(線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan))中產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢,即動了(le)才(cai)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)叫(jiao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian);直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)是(shi)根據(ju)載流(liu)導體(ti)(線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan))在磁場(chang)中受(shou)力(li)而運動的(de)原理(li)制作的(de),即通了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)才(cai)能(neng)動叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動。
(2)構(gou)造不同:交流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)線圈兩(liang)(liang)端各(ge)(ge)接(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)銅制(zhi)圓環(huan)(滑環(huan))即(ji)電(dian)刷;而直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)動機(ji)線圈兩(liang)(liang)端各(ge)(ge)接(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)銅制(zhi)半環(huan)叫換向器,它對每個(ge)(ge)繞組的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)起換向作用,使(shi)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)變為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)。
(3)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)判(pan)(pan)定(ding)不同(tong):交流發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)感應電(dian)動勢的方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang),利用右(you)手定(ding)則(ze)判(pan)(pan)定(ding);而(er)直流電(dian)動機(ji)旋轉方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang),則(ze)用左手定(ding)則(ze)判(pan)(pan)定(ding)。
(4)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)不同:交流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)是機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng),輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng);即將機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji);而直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)則輸(shu)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)是機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng),即將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。