【變壓器鐵芯(xin)】變壓器鐵芯(xin)材料 變壓器鐵芯(xin)作用 變壓器鐵芯(xin)接(jie)地

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼片本身也是導電體，在交流磁通(tong)的作用下，無(wu)法避(bi)免會在會在鐵芯內也產生感應電流。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來(lai)講是非常不利(li)的。嚴重時，導致金屬快速升(sheng)溫，會(hui)將鐵芯局部(bu)熔化，稱為鐵芯“失(shi)火”。

3、每片之(zhi)(zhi)間涂(tu)(tu)了絕(jue)緣(yuan)漆之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，使(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)在產(chan)生的(de)那(nei)個(ge)截面，被分割成很多(duo)的(de)小(xiao)截面的(de)導體。這樣其電阻就變大了。所以涂(tu)(tu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)漆的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)，雖然也存在渦流損耗(hao)（屬于鐵(tie)(tie)耗(hao)的(de)一部(bu)分），但比之(zhi)(zhi)前小(xiao)了很多(duo)很多(duo)。

4、因此，硅(gui)鋼片(pian)越薄，其損(sun)耗就(jiu)越小。通常情況下，冷軋硅(gui)鋼片(pian)表面(mian)的絕緣漆(qi)，在出廠(chang)前(qian)已經涂(tu)好(hao)。我(wo)們只要不去(qu)損(sun)壞他就(jiu)可以不用(yong)再(zai)涂(tu)漆(qi)了。

因此(ci)采用涂(tu)絕緣漆(qi)的薄硅(gui)(gui)鋼片(pian)來疊成(cheng)，使每(mei)片(pian)硅(gui)(gui)鋼片(pian)形成(cheng)獨(du)立(li)的導體就可以避(bi)免(mian)該問題了

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)阻抗(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，當初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)有交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或(huo)(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)便產生交(jiao)流磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)，使(shi)次級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或(huo)(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）和(he)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)組成(cheng)。 其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)——是變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耦合(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用就(jiu)是形成(cheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偶合(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)，由于磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小，大大提(ti)高(gao)了變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)。 廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)之間耦合(he)材(cai)料(liao)分，有空芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大多是用在(zai)(zai)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)定是鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都是用硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)做成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)是含硅(gui)(gui)(gui)量在(zai)(zai)3％左右、其它主(zhu)要是鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)合(he)金。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)大量用于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤其是工(gong)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因為硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)本(ben)身是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)導磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質，在(zai)(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它可以(yi)(yi)產生較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應強(qiang)度，從而(er)可以(yi)(yi)使(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體積(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小，提(ti)高(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是具有常(chang)用軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應強(qiang)度（2.0T以(yi)(yi)上），因此作(zuo)為變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)使(shi)用時可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)（如工(gong)作(zuo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)值1.5T）。但是，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)在(zai)(zai)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損也是最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為了防(fang)止(zhi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)因損耗太大而(er)發熱，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)高(gao)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)只能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)20KHz以(yi)(yi)下(xia)。所以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)大多是在(zai)(zai)50Hz左右。 根據上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹可知，高(gao)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)不(bu)要鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，工(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)要鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。否則它們就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地斷續性擊穿放電，鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一點(dian)接(jie)地后消除了(le)形成鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)懸浮電位的(de)(de)可能(neng)。但當(dang)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)出現兩點(dian)以上接(jie)地時，鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)間(jian)的(de)(de)不均勻電位就(jiu)會(hui)在接(jie)地點(dian)之(zhi)間(jian)形成環流，并造成鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)多(duo) 點(dian)接(jie)地發熱故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。變壓器的(de)(de)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)接(jie)地故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)會(hui)造成鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)局部過熱，嚴重時，鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)局部溫(wen)升增加，輕(qing)瓦斯動作，甚(shen)至將會(hui)造成重瓦斯動作而跳 閘的(de)(de)事故(gu)(gu)。

燒熔(rong)的(de)局部鐵芯(xin)(xin)形成(cheng)鐵芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)間的(de)短路(lu)故障，使(shi)鐵損變(bian)大，嚴重影響變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)和正常(chang)工作，以(yi)至必須更換(huan)鐵芯(xin)(xin)硅鋼片(pian)加以(yi)修復。所以(yi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)不允(yun)許多點接(jie)地只能(neng)有且只有一(yi)點接(jie)地。

范圍包括：

1）變壓器內部的(de)多相(xiang)短路(lu)。

2）匝間(jian)短路，繞組與鐵芯或(huo)外殼(ke)短路。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油面(mian)下將或漏油。

5）分接(jie)(jie)開(kai)關接(jie)(jie)觸不良或導(dao)線焊接(jie)(jie)不牢固(gu)。

主變差動與瓦斯(si)保護的(de)作用有區別

1、主變差(cha)動保護是按循環電流原(yuan)理(li)設計制造的，而瓦斯保護是根據變壓器內部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)會產生或分解出氣體這一特(te)點設計制造的。

2、差動保(bao)護(hu)(hu)為變壓器(qi)的主保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)(hu)為變壓器(qi)內部故障時(shi)的主保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

3、保護范(fan)圍不同：A差動保護：

1）主變(bian)引出(chu)線(xian)及變(bian)壓器線(xian)圈發生(sheng)多相短(duan)路(lu)。

2）單相(xiang)嚴重的匝間(jian)短路。

3）在(zai)大電(dian)流接地(di)系統(tong)中(zhong)保(bao)護線圈及引(yin)出線上的接地(di)故障。B瓦斯保(bao)護：

1）變(bian)壓器內(nei)部多相短路。

2）匝(za)間(jian)短路，匝(za)間(jian)與鐵芯或外及短路。

3）鐵(tie)芯(xin)故障（發熱燒(shao)損）。

4）油面下將(jiang)或漏油。

5）分(fen)接開關(guan)接觸不(bu)良或導線(xian)焊接不(bu)