【變壓器(qi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)】變壓器(qi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)材料 變壓器(qi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)作用 變壓器(qi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)接地

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼片(pian)本身也(ye)是(shi)導電體(ti)，在交(jiao)流(liu)磁通的作用下，無(wu)法避(bi)免會在會在鐵芯內也(ye)產(chan)生感應電流(liu)。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來講(jiang)是非常不利的。嚴重時(shi)，導致金屬快速(su)升溫，會將鐵(tie)芯局部(bu)熔(rong)化，稱為鐵(tie)芯“失火”。

3、每片(pian)之間涂(tu)了(le)絕緣漆之后(hou)，使鐵芯在(zai)產生的(de)那個截(jie)面，被分割(ge)成很多(duo)的(de)小截(jie)面的(de)導體。這樣其電阻就(jiu)變大了(le)。所以涂(tu)絕緣漆的(de)鐵芯，雖然也(ye)存在(zai)渦(wo)流損耗(hao)（屬于(yu)鐵耗(hao)的(de)一部分），但比之前小了(le)很多(duo)很多(duo)。

4、因(yin)此，硅鋼片越(yue)薄，其(qi)損耗就(jiu)越(yue)小。通常情(qing)況下，冷(leng)軋硅鋼片表(biao)面的絕緣漆，在出廠前已經涂好。我們只要(yao)不去損壞他就(jiu)可(ke)以不用再涂漆了(le)。

因(yin)此采用涂(tu)絕緣漆的薄硅鋼(gang)片來疊(die)成，使每片硅鋼(gang)片形成獨立的導體就可以避(bi)免該(gai)問題了

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)(he)阻抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，當初(chu)級(ji)線(xian)圈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通有交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)便(bian)產(chan)生交流(liu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通，使次級(ji)線(xian)圈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感應出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）和(he)(he)線(xian)圈組成(cheng)。 其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)——是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耦合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偶(ou)合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)，由(you)于磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很小，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao)了變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。 廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按線(xian)圈之間耦合材料(liao)(liao)分，有空(kong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空(kong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)在頻(pin)率(lv)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)做成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)含硅(gui)(gui)(gui)量在3％左右(you)、其(qi)(qi)它(ta)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)合金。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)大(da)(da)(da)量用(yong)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)為(wei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)本身是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種導磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)力很強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)圈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它(ta)可以(yi)(yi)產(chan)生較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應強(qiang)(qiang)度，從而可以(yi)(yi)使變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體積(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小，提高(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有常用(yong)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應強(qiang)(qiang)度（2.0T以(yi)(yi)上），因(yin)此作為(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)使用(yong)時(shi)可以(yi)(yi)在很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作點工(gong)(gong)作（如工(gong)(gong)作磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感值(zhi)1.5T）。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)在常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)損(sun)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)了防止鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)因(yin)損(sun)耗太(tai)大(da)(da)(da)而發(fa)熱，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)不高(gao)，一(yi)般(ban)只能(neng)工(gong)(gong)作在20KHz以(yi)(yi)下。所以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在50Hz左右(you)。 根據上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹(shao)可知，高(gao)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)不要鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或(huo)者頻(pin)率(lv)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)要鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。否則它(ta)們就(jiu)(jiu)不能(neng)正常工(gong)(gong)作。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地(di)(di)斷續性擊(ji)穿放電，鐵(tie)芯(xin)一點(dian)接地(di)(di)后消除了形成(cheng)鐵(tie)芯(xin)懸浮(fu)電位的(de)可能(neng)。但當鐵(tie)芯(xin)出(chu)現兩點(dian)以上接地(di)(di)時(shi)，鐵(tie)芯(xin)間的(de)不均勻電位就會在接地(di)(di)點(dian)之間形成(cheng)環(huan)流，并造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)鐵(tie)芯(xin)多 點(dian)接地(di)(di)發熱故(gu)障(zhang)。變(bian)壓器的(de)鐵(tie)芯(xin)接地(di)(di)故(gu)障(zhang)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)鐵(tie)芯(xin)局(ju)部過(guo)熱，嚴重時(shi)，鐵(tie)芯(xin)局(ju)部溫(wen)升增加，輕瓦斯(si)動作(zuo)，甚至將會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)重瓦斯(si)動作(zuo)而跳 閘的(de)事故(gu)。

燒(shao)熔(rong)的(de)局部鐵芯(xin)形成鐵芯(xin)片間的(de)短路故障，使鐵損變(bian)大，嚴重影響變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)性能和正常工作，以(yi)至必須更換鐵芯(xin)硅鋼片加以(yi)修(xiu)復。所以(yi)變(bian)壓(ya)器不允(yun)許多點(dian)接地只能有(you)且只有(you)一點(dian)接地。

范圍包括：

1）變(bian)壓器內(nei)部的多相短路。

2）匝間短(duan)路(lu)，繞組(zu)與鐵芯(xin)或外殼短(duan)路(lu)。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油面下將或漏油。

5）分接開(kai)關接觸不(bu)良或(huo)導線焊接不(bu)牢固。

主變差動與(yu)瓦斯(si)保護的作用有區別

1、主變(bian)差動保護(hu)(hu)是(shi)按循環電流(liu)原理設(she)計制造的，而瓦斯保護(hu)(hu)是(shi)根據(ju)變(bian)壓(ya)器內部(bu)故障時會產生或分解出氣體這一特點設(she)計制造的。

2、差(cha)動保(bao)(bao)(bao)護為變壓(ya)器的主(zhu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護，瓦斯保(bao)(bao)(bao)護為變壓(ya)器內部故障時的主(zhu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。

3、保護范圍不同：A差動保護：

1）主變引出線及變壓(ya)器線圈發生多相短路。

2）單相(xiang)嚴(yan)重的匝間短路。

3）在大(da)電流接(jie)地(di)系統中保護線(xian)圈及引(yin)出線(xian)上的接(jie)地(di)故障。B瓦斯保護：

1）變壓器內部多(duo)相短(duan)路(lu)。

2）匝(za)間(jian)(jian)短(duan)路，匝(za)間(jian)(jian)與(yu)鐵(tie)芯或外及短(duan)路。

3）鐵(tie)芯故障（發熱燒(shao)損）。

4）油面下將或(huo)漏油。

5）分接開關接觸不良或(huo)導線焊接不