【五(wu)軸聯(lian)動(dong)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床】五(wu)軸聯(lian)動(dong)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床的(de)(de)結構 五(wu)軸聯(lian)動(dong)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床的(de)(de)優勢

五軸聯動數控機床的結構

5軸(zhou)機床大(da)多(duo)是3+2的結構，即(ji)x，y，z三個直線運動軸(zhou)加上分別圍繞x，y，z軸(zhou)旋轉的a，b，c三個旋轉軸(zhou)中的兩個旋轉軸(zhou)組(zu)成。這樣，從大(da)的方面分類，就有x，y，z，a，b；x，y，z，a，c；x，y，z，b，c三種(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)；由(you)二(er)個旋轉軸(zhou)的組(zu)合形式(shi)(shi)來分，大(da)體上有雙(shuang)轉臺式(shi)(shi)、轉臺加上擺頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)和(he)雙(shuang)擺頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)三種(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)。

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這三種結構形式由于物理上的原因，分別決定了機床的規格大小和加工對象的范圍。其中，雙轉臺結構的五軸聯動數控機床由(you)于(yu)在(zai)加工(gong)工(gong)件時(shi)工(gong)件需要在(zai)兩個旋(xuan)轉方向運動，所(suo)以只適合加工(gong)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)零件，如(ru)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)整體渦輪(lun)、葉輪(lun)、小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)精密模具等，由(you)于(yu)結構最(zui)為簡單，所(suo)以相對價格較為低廉(lian)，就應用(yong)來講，這是數量最(zui)多(duo)的一(yi)類(lei)五連動數控機床。

轉臺加上擺頭式結構的五連動數控機床由(you)于轉(zhuan)臺(tai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以是(shi)a軸(zhou)、b軸(zhou)或c軸(zhou)，擺(bai)(bai)頭(tou)也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以分(fen)別是(shi)a軸(zhou)、b軸(zhou)或c軸(zhou)，所以轉(zhuan)臺(tai)加上(shang)(shang)擺(bai)(bai)頭(tou)式結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)五(wu)聯(lian)動數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以有各種不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)組合，以適應(ying)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)對象，如加工(gong)(gong)汽輪(lun)發電機的(de)(de)葉(xie)片(pian)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)a軸(zhou)加上(shang)(shang)b軸(zhou)，其(qi)中(zhong)a軸(zhou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)用尾(wei)座頂尖配合頂住(zhu)工(gong)(gong)件，如果工(gong)(gong)件較長同(tong)(tong)時直(zhi)徑(jing)又細，則需(xu)要(yao)(yao)兩(liang)頭(tou)夾住(zhu)并且拉伸工(gong)(gong)件來進行加工(gong)(gong)，當然這(zhe)里一(yi)(yi)個必要(yao)(yao)條件是(shi)兩(liang)個轉(zhuan)臺(tai)必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)旋轉(zhuan)。采用c軸(zhou)加上(shang)(shang)b軸(zhou)，由(you)于工(gong)(gong)件僅(jin)在c軸(zhou)上(shang)(shang)旋轉(zhuan)運動，所以工(gong)(gong)件可(ke)(ke)(ke)以很小(xiao)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以較大，直(zhi)徑(jing)范圍可(ke)(ke)(ke)由(you)幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)毫米至數(shu)千毫米，c軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)的(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以從(cong)100～200mm至2～3m，機床(chuang)的(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)、質(zhi)量也從(cong)幾(ji)(ji)噸至十(shi)幾(ji)(ji)噸甚至數(shu)十(shi)噸。這(zhe)也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)類應(ying)用十(shi)分(fen)廣泛的(de)(de)五(wu)軸(zhou)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)，其(qi)價格(ge)(ge)居中(zhong)，隨機器規(gui)格(ge)(ge)大小(xiao)、精度和性能(neng)的(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)差(cha)很大。雙擺(bai)(bai)頭(tou)式結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)五(wu)軸(zhou)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)，由(you)于其(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)本身的(de)(de)原因(yin)，擺(bai)(bai)頭(tou)中(zhong)間一(yi)(yi)般有一(yi)(yi)個帶(dai)有松拉刀結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)電主軸(zhou)，所以雙擺(bai)(bai)頭(tou)自身的(de)(de)尺寸不容易做小(xiao)，一(yi)(yi)般在400～500mm。

五軸聯動數控機床的優勢

五軸(zhou)聯動數控機(ji)床系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)解決葉(xie)輪(lun)、葉(xie)片、船用螺旋槳、重型發電機(ji)轉子、汽(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)轉子、大型柴油機(ji)曲(qu)軸(zhou)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)加工(gong)的(de)唯一手段。它是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)科(ke)技(ji)含(han)量高、精密度(du)高專門用于加工(gong)復雜曲(qu)面的(de)機(ji)床，該機(ji)床系(xi)(xi)統(tong)對一個國家的(de)航(hang)空、航(hang)天、軍(jun)事(shi)、科(ke)研、精密器械、高精醫療設(she)備等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)行業有著舉(ju)足輕重的(de)影響(xiang)力(li)。

五軸聯動數控機床的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)，讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝夾(jia)(jia)變得容(rong)易。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)無需特殊夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本，避免了多(duo)次裝夾(jia)(jia)，提高(gao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)。采用(yong)(yong)五(wu)軸(zhou)技術加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)可以減(jian)少夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)數量。另(ling)外，由于五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動(dong)(dong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)可在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)省去許多(duo)特殊刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，所以降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)成(cheng)本。五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動(dong)(dong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)能增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)切(qie)削(xue)刃長(chang)度(du)，減(jian)小切(qie)削(xue)力，提高(gao)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本。采用(yong)(yong)五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動(dong)(dong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)可以很快的(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，交貨(huo)快，更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，使模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變得更加(jia)(jia)(jia)容(rong)易，并且(qie)使模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)修改變得容(rong)易。在(zai)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)立式(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心來(lai)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銑(xian)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。隨著模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制造(zao)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)展，立式(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些弱點表(biao)現得越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)明(ming)顯。現代模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)普遍(bian)使用(yong)(yong)球頭銑(xian)刀(dao)來(lai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，球頭銑(xian)刀(dao)在(zai)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)帶(dai)來(lai)好(hao)處非常(chang)明(ming)顯，但是如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)立式(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，其(qi)底(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線速度(du)為零，這樣底(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光潔度(du)就(jiu)很差，如果(guo)使用(yong)(yong)四、五(wu)軸(zhou)聯動(dong)(dong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，可以克服上述(shu)不足(zu)。