一、牛黃安宮丸是什么藥丸
牛(niu)黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)丸(wan),醫學名(ming)稱應為(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)黃(huang)丸(wan),所謂安(an)(an)(an)(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),是(shi)指(zhi)“使(shi)心安(an)(an)(an)(an)居其宮(gong)(gong)(gong)”,宮(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿、宮(gong)(gong)(gong)城的意思,指(zhi)代(dai)君(jun)王(wang)居住的場(chang)所,在人(ren)體(ti)內,心為(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)主之宮(gong)(gong)(gong),心包為(wei)(wei)(wei)心臟外(wai)面的包膜,如果熱(re)邪侵犯心包,會導(dao)致心之功(gong)能失常,出現高熱(re)、神昏(hun)、譫語、驚厥等危險癥狀(zhuang)。安(an)(an)(an)(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)黃(huang)丸(wan)以牛(niu)黃(huang)、麝香、冰片(pian)等清心豁(huo)痰,醒神開竅,重鎮安(an)(an)(an)(an)神,使(shi)心得以安(an)(an)(an)(an)居心包,故稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)黃(huang)丸(wan)。成品牛(niu)黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)丸(wan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)橙色至紅褐(he)色的大(da)蜜丸(wan)或者為(wei)(wei)(wei)包金衣的大(da)蜜丸(wan),除去金衣顯(xian)黃(huang)橙色至紅褐(he)色,氣芳香濃郁,味微(wei)苦。
牛黃(huang)安宮丸處方源于清代吳鞠通(tong)的(de)《溫(wen)(wen)病條辯》卷一,是清代著(zhu)名醫(yi)學家(jia)吳塘根(gen)據(ju)明代醫(yi)學家(jia)萬(wan)全的(de)牛黃(huang)清心丸改造而成的(de)藥方,1793年,京城流行溫(wen)(wen)疫,死在庸醫(yi)手中的(de)人(ren)不計其(qi)數(shu),吳鞠通(tong)診(zhen)治病人(ren),在危(wei)重病人(ren)中救活了幾十人(ren),從此(ci)聲名大振(zhen)。
二、安宮牛黃丸的配方及組方分析
安宮牛(niu)黃丸(wan)的配方(fang)成分主(zhu)要有:牛(niu)黃、水牛(niu)角濃縮粉、人工麝香、珍珠(zhu)、朱砂、雄(xiong)黃、黃連、黃芩、梔(zhi)子、郁金、冰(bing)片。安宮牛(niu)黃丸(wan)的組方(fang)分析如下(xia):
1、君藥
牛黃味苦甘(gan),性涼,氣味芳(fang)香(xiang)(xiang),具有(you)清心豁痰、開(kai)竅(qiao)、涼肝、息風解(jie)毒的功(gong)效,在《神農(nong)本(ben)草(cao)經》中被列為(wei)上品;麝香(xiang)(xiang)辛散(san)溫(wen)通,為(wei)開(kai)竅(qiao)之首藥,與牛黃配合(he)突出了(le)安宮牛黃丸的清熱解(jie)毒、芳(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)竅(qiao)的特點。
從藥性上,牛黃與麝香一溫一涼、相輔相成,麝香在大量苦(ku)寒藥中(zhong),不(bu)但不(bu)會助熱升散(san),反而更凸現其清(qing)心解毒的要旨,這也(ye)是安宮牛黃丸的一大特(te)點。
2、臣藥
水牛(niu)角濃縮粉清熱涼血,黃連(lian)、黃芩、梔子,苦(ku)寒清熱燥濕(shi),輔助君藥,加強(qiang)了清熱瀉火(huo)、涼血解毒豁痰(tan)的作用。
3、佐藥
朱(zhu)砂、珍珠鎮靜(jing)安(an)(an)神通(tong)心竅,郁金理氣舒(shu)肝(gan),雄黃解毒辟穢,冰片芳香開竅,合金箔能豁痰墮痰而輔(fu)佐君(jun)藥加(jia)強鎮心、定驚、安(an)(an)神的作用。
4、使藥
蜂蜜(mi)(mi)為使,制成大蜜(mi)(mi)丸,除了(le)是賦形劑外,又(you)有和(he)胃調中的作用,以防過(guo)于(yu)苦寒(han)傷胃。