一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)(fen)為獨(du)立(li)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)、并網光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)及分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨立(li)(li)光伏發電(dian)(dian)也叫(jiao)離網光伏發電(dian)(dian)。主要由太陽電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件、控制器(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)成(cheng)，若要為交(jiao)流(liu)負載供電(dian)(dian)，還需要配置(zhi)交(jiao)流(liu)逆(ni)變器(qi)，獨立(li)(li)光伏電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)包(bao)括邊遠地區的村莊供電(dian)(dian)系統、太陽能(neng)戶(hu)用電(dian)(dian)源系統、通信信號(hao)電(dian)(dian)源、陰(yin)極保護(hu)、太陽能(neng)路燈等各(ge)種帶有蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可以獨立(li)(li)運行的光伏發電(dian)(dian)系統。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是太陽能組(zu)件產生的(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經過并(bing)(bing)網(wang)逆變器轉換成符(fu)合市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)要求的(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直接接入公共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。可以分為(wei)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)和不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)具有(you)可調度性，可以根據需要并(bing)(bing)入或退(tui)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，還具有(you)備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)功能，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)因故停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可緊急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)光(guang)伏并(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)常常安裝在居民建筑(zhu)；不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)具備(bei)(bei)可調度性和備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)功能，一(yi)般(ban)安裝在較大型的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)上(shang)。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)又可分(fen)為集中式(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)型(xing)并網(wang)光伏(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)和分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)系統(tong)。集中式(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)型(xing)并網(wang)光伏(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)的主要特點(dian)是能(neng)將所發(fa)電(dian)直(zhi)接輸送到電(dian)網(wang)，由電(dian)網(wang)統(tong)一調配向(xiang)用戶(hu)供(gong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)站(zhan)投(tou)資大(da)(da)、建設(she)(she)周(zhou)期長、占地面積大(da)(da)。而分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)系統(tong)，有投(tou)資小(xiao)、建設(she)(she)快(kuai)、占地面積小(xiao)、政策支持力(li)度(du)大(da)(da)等優(you)點(dian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電(dian)源(yuan)10-100W不等(deng)，用于邊遠無電(dian)地區(qu)如高原、海(hai)島、牧區(qu)、邊防哨(shao)所等(deng)軍民生活用電(dian)，如照(zhao)明(ming)、電(dian)視(shi)、收音(yin)機等(deng)；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋頂并網發電系統；

(3)光(guang)伏水泵(beng)：解(jie)決(jue)無電地(di)區的(de)深水井飲用(yong)、灌溉;

(4)太(tai)陽能凈水器：解(jie)決無(wu)電地區(qu)的飲(yin)水、凈化水質問題。

2、交通領域

如航標燈(deng)(deng)、交(jiao)通/鐵路信號燈(deng)(deng)、交(jiao)通警示/標志燈(deng)(deng)、高空(kong)障礙(ai)燈(deng)(deng)、高速公路/鐵路無線電話亭、無人(ren)值(zhi)守道班供(gong)電等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能(neng)無(wu)人值守微(wei)波中繼站(zhan)、光纜(lan)維護站(zhan)、廣播/通訊(xun)/尋呼電(dian)源系統；農村載(zai)波電(dian)話光伏系統、小型通信(xin)機(ji)、士兵GPS供電(dian)等。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石(shi)油管道和(he)水庫閘門陰極保護太陽(yang)能電源系統、石(shi)油鉆井平臺生(sheng)活及應(ying)急電源、海洋檢測(ce)設備、氣象/水文(wen)觀測(ce)設備等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如(ru)庭院燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、野營燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、登山燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、垂(chui)釣燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、黑(hei)光燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、割膠燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、節能燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、投射燈(deng)(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光(guang)伏電(dian)站、風光(guang)（柴(chai)）互補電(dian)站、各種(zhong)大型停車(che)廠充電(dian)站等。

7、太陽能建筑

將太陽能發電與建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料相結合，使得未來(lai)的大(da)型建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)現電力自給，是未來(lai)一大(da)發展方(fang)向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽車配套(tao)：太陽(yang)能(neng)汽車/電動車、電池充(chong)電設備、汽車空(kong)調、換(huan)氣扇、冷飲(yin)箱等；

(2)太陽能(neng)制氫加燃料電池的再生發電系統(tong)；

(3)海水淡化設備供電；

(4)衛星、航天器(qi)、空間太陽能(neng)電站等(deng)。