一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)伏發電(dian)系統分(fen)為(wei)獨立光(guang)伏發電(dian)系統、并網光(guang)伏發電(dian)系統及分(fen)布式光(guang)伏發電(dian)系統。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨立光伏發電(dian)(dian)也叫離網光伏發電(dian)(dian)。主要(yao)由太(tai)(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)池組件、控制器(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池組成，若(ruo)要(yao)為(wei)交流負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)，還(huan)需要(yao)配置交流逆變器(qi)，獨立光伏電(dian)(dian)站包(bao)括邊遠地(di)區(qu)的(de)村(cun)莊供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、太(tai)(tai)陽能戶用電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統、通(tong)信信號電(dian)(dian)源、陰極(ji)保護、太(tai)(tai)陽能路燈等(deng)各種帶有蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)可以(yi)獨立運行的(de)光伏發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太(tai)陽能組件產(chan)生的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經(jing)過并(bing)網(wang)(wang)逆變器轉(zhuan)換成符合市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)要求的交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直(zhi)接接入(ru)公共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。可(ke)以分為帶(dai)(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)和不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)具有(you)可(ke)調度性(xing)，可(ke)以根據需要并(bing)入(ru)或退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，還(huan)具有(you)備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的功(gong)(gong)能，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)因故(gu)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)緊急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的光伏(fu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)常(chang)常(chang)安裝在(zai)居民建筑；不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)網(wang)(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)(bu)具備可(ke)調度性(xing)和備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的功(gong)(gong)能，一般(ban)安裝在(zai)較(jiao)大型的系(xi)統(tong)上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分(fen)布式光伏(fu)(fu)發電系(xi)統又可分(fen)為集中式大型(xing)并(bing)網光伏(fu)(fu)電站(zhan)(zhan)和(he)分(fen)布式光伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)統。集中式大型(xing)并(bing)網光伏(fu)(fu)電站(zhan)(zhan)的主要特點是(shi)能將(jiang)所發電直接輸送到電網，由電網統一調配向用戶供(gong)電。這種電站(zhan)(zhan)投資大、建設周(zhou)期長、占(zhan)地面積大。而分(fen)布式光伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)統，有投資小、建設快(kuai)、占(zhan)地面積小、政策(ce)支持力度大等(deng)優點。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小型電(dian)源10-100W不等(deng)(deng)，用(yong)于邊(bian)遠無(wu)電(dian)地區如(ru)高(gao)原、海島、牧區、邊(bian)防哨所等(deng)(deng)軍民(min)生活用(yong)電(dian)，如(ru)照(zhao)明(ming)、電(dian)視、收(shou)音機等(deng)(deng)；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋頂并(bing)網發(fa)電系統；

(3)光伏水泵：解決無電地區的深水井(jing)飲用、灌溉;

(4)太(tai)陽能凈水器：解決(jue)無電地區的飲水、凈化(hua)水質問題。

2、交通領域

如航標燈(deng)(deng)、交通(tong)/鐵(tie)路信號(hao)燈(deng)(deng)、交通(tong)警示/標志燈(deng)(deng)、高(gao)空(kong)障礙燈(deng)(deng)、高(gao)速公路/鐵(tie)路無線電話(hua)亭(ting)、無人(ren)值(zhi)守道班供電等(deng)。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能無(wu)人值守微波中繼站、光纜維護(hu)站、廣播/通訊/尋(xun)呼電(dian)源系統；農村(cun)載(zai)波電(dian)話光伏系統、小型通信機、士兵GPS供電(dian)等。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石油管道和水(shui)庫閘門陰極保護太陽能電源(yuan)系統、石油鉆(zhan)井平臺生活(huo)及應急電源(yuan)、海洋(yang)檢測設備(bei)、氣象/水(shui)文(wen)觀測設備(bei)等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如庭院燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、野營燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、登(deng)山燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、垂釣燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、黑光燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、割(ge)膠燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、節能(neng)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、投射燈(deng)(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立光(guang)伏電站(zhan)、風光(guang)（柴）互補電站(zhan)、各種大型停車廠充電站(zhan)等(deng)。

7、太陽能建筑

將太陽(yang)能發電與建筑材料相結合，使得未(wei)來的大型(xing)建筑實現電力自給，是未(wei)來一大發展方向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽(qi)車配套：太陽能(neng)汽(qi)車/電動車、電池充(chong)電設備、汽(qi)車空調、換氣扇、冷飲箱等；

(2)太陽能制氫(qing)加(jia)燃(ran)料電池的(de)再生發電系統；

(3)海水淡化設備供電；

(4)衛星、航天(tian)器、空間太陽能電站(zhan)等。