一、光伏發電系統分類

光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電系(xi)統分為獨(du)立光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電系(xi)統、并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電系(xi)統及分布式光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電系(xi)統。

1、獨立光伏發電系統

獨(du)立光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)也叫離網光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)。主要(yao)由(you)太陽電(dian)(dian)池組件、控制(zhi)器、蓄電(dian)(dian)池組成，若要(yao)為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)負載供電(dian)(dian)，還需要(yao)配置(zhi)交(jiao)流(liu)逆變器，獨(du)立光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)站包括邊遠地(di)區的(de)(de)村莊供電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)、太陽能戶用電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統(tong)、通(tong)信信號(hao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、陰極保護、太陽能路燈等各種帶有蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)可以獨(du)立運行的(de)(de)光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。

2、并網光伏發電系統

并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就是太陽(yang)能(neng)組件(jian)產生(sheng)的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)經過并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)逆變器轉換成符合(he)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)要(yao)求的交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)之后直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入公(gong)共電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。可(ke)以分為帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)不(bu)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，帶有(you)(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)可(ke)調度性(xing)，可(ke)以根據需要(yao)并(bing)(bing)入或(huo)退出電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，還(huan)具有(you)(you)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的功能(neng)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)因故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時可(ke)緊(jin)急供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；帶有(you)(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的光(guang)伏(fu)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)常常安(an)裝在居民(min)建筑；不(bu)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)具備可(ke)調度性(xing)和(he)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的功能(neng)，一般安(an)裝在較大型的系統(tong)(tong)(tong)上。

3、分布式光伏發電系統

分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統又可分(fen)為(wei)集(ji)中式(shi)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)并網光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)統。集(ji)中式(shi)大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)并網光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的主要特點是能將(jiang)所(suo)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直接輸(shu)送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網統一調配向用戶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)投(tou)資(zi)大(da)(da)、建(jian)(jian)設周期(qi)長、占地面(mian)積大(da)(da)。而分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)統，有投(tou)資(zi)小(xiao)、建(jian)(jian)設快、占地面(mian)積小(xiao)、政(zheng)策支持(chi)力度大(da)(da)等優點。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、光伏發電系統應用領域

1、用戶太陽能電源?

(1)小(xiao)型電源10-100W不等(deng)(deng)，用(yong)于邊(bian)遠無(wu)電地區如(ru)(ru)高原、海(hai)島、牧區、邊(bian)防哨所等(deng)(deng)軍(jun)民生(sheng)活用(yong)電，如(ru)(ru)照明、電視、收(shou)音機(ji)等(deng)(deng)；

(2)3~5KW家庭屋頂并(bing)網(wang)發電系統；

(3)光伏水泵：解決無電地區的深水井飲用、灌溉(gai);

(4)太陽能凈(jing)水(shui)器：解決無電地區(qu)的飲水(shui)、凈(jing)化水(shui)質問題。

2、交通領域

如航(hang)標燈、交通/鐵(tie)路信號(hao)燈、交通警示(shi)/標志燈、高(gao)空障礙燈、高(gao)速公路/鐵(tie)路無線電(dian)話亭、無人值(zhi)守道班供電(dian)等。

3、通訊/通信領域

太陽能無人值守微波中(zhong)繼站、光纜(lan)維護站、廣播(bo)/通(tong)(tong)訊/尋呼(hu)電(dian)源系統；農村(cun)載波電(dian)話光伏系統、小型通(tong)(tong)信機(ji)、士兵(bing)GPS供電(dian)等(deng)。

4、石油、海洋、氣象領域

石油管(guan)道(dao)和水庫閘(zha)門陰極(ji)保(bao)護太陽(yang)能電源系統、石油鉆井平(ping)臺生(sheng)活及應急(ji)電源、海洋檢測設備(bei)、氣象/水文觀測設備(bei)等。

5、家庭燈具電源

如庭院燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、路(lu)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、手提燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、野營燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、登山燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、垂釣燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、黑光(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、割膠燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、節能燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、投(tou)射燈(deng)(deng)(deng)等。

6、光伏電站

10KW-50MW獨立(li)光伏電站(zhan)、風光（柴）互補(bu)電站(zhan)、各種大型停車廠充電站(zhan)等。

7、太陽能建筑

將(jiang)太陽能發電與(yu)建筑(zhu)材料相(xiang)結合，使得未來(lai)的大(da)型建筑(zhu)實現(xian)電力自給，是未來(lai)一大(da)發展方(fang)向。

8、其他領域包括

(1)與汽(qi)車配套：太(tai)陽能汽(qi)車/電動車、電池充(chong)電設備、汽(qi)車空調、換氣(qi)扇、冷飲箱等；

(2)太陽能制氫(qing)加燃(ran)料電池的(de)再生發電系(xi)統；

(3)海水淡化(hua)設(she)備供電；

(4)衛(wei)星(xing)、航天器(qi)、空間(jian)太陽能電(dian)站等(deng)。