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電池儲能系統的結構組成

1、蓄電池系統

目前儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)方式主要(yao)分為三類：物理(li)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)（抽(chou)水儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)等(deng)）、化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)（鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池、氧化還原(yuan)液(ye)流電(dian)(dian)池、鈉硫電(dian)(dian)池、鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池）和(he)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)三大類，由于經(jing)濟性及應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景的原(yuan)因，除抽(chou)水儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)外，化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)是(shi)應(ying)用(yong)最廣(guang)泛，從國(guo)際(ji)和(he)國(guo)內市(shi)場(chang)來看，化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)中的鋰(li)離子(zi)應(ying)用(yong)較(jiao)多。

2、PCS變流器系統

儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)簡稱PCS，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)可(ke)以實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)池與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)間(jian)的交直流(liu)(liu)(liu)轉換，完成兩者間(jian)的雙(shuang)向(xiang)能(neng)量流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，并通過控制(zhi)策(ce)略實(shi)現對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的充放電(dian)(dian)管理、網(wang)(wang)測負荷功(gong)率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)充放電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)控制(zhi)和(he)正(zheng)常及孤(gu)島(dao)運行方式(shi)下網(wang)(wang)測電(dian)(dian)壓的控制(zhi)；具有高轉換效率(lv)、寬電(dian)(dian)壓輸入(ru)范圍、快速(su)并離網(wang)(wang)切換和(he)方便維護等(deng)特點，同時具備完善的保(bao)護功(gong)能(neng)，如孤(gu)島(dao)保(bao)護、直流(liu)(liu)(liu)過壓保(bao)護和(he)低電(dian)(dian)壓穿越(yue)（可(ke)選(xuan)）等(deng)，滿(man)足系(xi)(xi)統(tong)并、離網(wang)(wang)要求。

3、箱變系統（如有）

如采用高(gao)壓（6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等）并網系(xi)統，須(xu)采用箱變完成升壓任務(wu)，為盡量減少(shao)兩支路間的電磁干擾及環流影響，箱變系(xi)統采用雙分裂變壓器，其他(ta)參數(shu)跟風(feng)電和光伏無大的差別(bie)。

4、站用變電系統（如有）

為變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)內的設(she)備提供交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)照明、暖通、檢修、保護(hu)屏、高壓開(kai)關柜內的儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、開(kai)關儲能(neng)、生活和工作(zuo)設(she)施供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)，需要操作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的。如(ru)與跟(gen)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏等(deng)組成多(duo)能(neng)互補的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，可與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或光(guang)(guang)伏共用一(yi)套站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用變系統。同時(shi)根據用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷，選擇(ze)合適的站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)用變容量。

5、電纜（一次和二次）

交(jiao)流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)電力(li)電纜具有高機(ji)械強(qiang)度、耐環境應(ying)力(li)好、優良的(de)電氣性能和耐化學腐蝕等(deng)特點，重(zhong)量輕，結構簡單(dan)，使用(yong)方便。本產品適用(yong)于交(jiao)流額定電壓(ya)35kV 及以下(xia)的(de)輸配電線路(lu)上。

ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜(lan)低(di)煙無鹵(lu)阻(zu)燃型電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)特(te)(te)點是電(dian)纜(lan)不僅具(ju)備阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)能，而且具(ju)有低(di)發煙性(xing)(xing)和無害性(xing)(xing)（毒性(xing)(xing)和腐蝕性(xing)(xing)較小），適(shi)用于對電(dian)纜(lan)阻(zu)燃、煙密度、毒性(xing)(xing)指數有特(te)(te)別要求的(de)場(chang)所。

6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統(tong)BMS，主要(yao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)進行(xing)管理。充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)時能保證各單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差異小于設定值，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組各單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)均充(chong)(chong)，有效(xiao)(xiao)地改善了串聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)下(xia)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。同時檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中各個(ge)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)過壓、欠壓、過流、短路、過溫狀態(tai)，保護(hu)并延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命。BMS系統(tong)隨(sui)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成套提(ti)供。

能(neng)(neng)量管理系統EMS，主要是對電站的實時運行狀態信(xin)息進行監控，包括系統功率曲線、電池電壓溫(wen)度信(xin)息、累計處(chu)理電量信(xin)息及(ji)其他(ta)約定的監測(ce)信(xin)息。并(bing)且可(ke)以在服務器中建立(li)遠程監控軟件能(neng)(neng)夠遠程控制及(ji)下載(zai)數據，能(neng)(neng)夠實時報(bao)警，并(bing)傳(chuan)輸到指(zhi)定手機上。

7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備

電池儲(chu)能(neng)監控系統(tong)(tong)基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)包括：測(ce)量監視功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、數據處理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、分析統(tong)(tong)計功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、操(cao)作控制功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事件告警功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、保(bao)護管理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、人機接口功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事故追憶及(ji)歷(li)史(shi)反演功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、歷(li)史(shi)數據管理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、遠動及(ji)轉發功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、系統(tong)(tong)維護功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。

相(xiang)關接入(ru)系統(tong)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)是整(zheng)個的(de)(de)監控系統(tong)的(de)(de)組成(cheng)部分，由于(yu)各個地方電網建設(she)的(de)(de)情況不(bu)一樣，形成(cheng)了(le)接入(ru)系統(tong)所(suo)需的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)不(bu)盡相(xiang)同，不(bu)過根據國標GB、行標DL等要求(qiu)，還(huan)是可(ke)以發(fa)現一些共同的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)。

儲能系統的作用

1、提高分布式能源的穩定性

儲能(neng)(neng)系統應用(yong)于微電網中，通過能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)管理系統（EMS），將分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與儲能(neng)(neng)系統、主電網協(xie)同控制，可(ke)以平穩分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的波(bo)動，穩定輸出，并提供分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的就地利(li)用(yong)率，避免遠距(ju)離傳輸給主電網照成傳輸壓力及(ji)電力損耗。

除此之外，儲能(neng)系統(tong)還能(neng)在夜間(jian)，或分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)維修(xiu)期間(jian)，持(chi)續為主要負載提供部分(fen)電(dian)源(yuan)，減少停電(dian)時間(jian)。

2、改善用戶用電的電能質量

儲能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)運(yun)用(yong)，能夠(gou)對(dui)微(wei)電網(wang)(wang)電能質量(liang)的(de)提升發揮(hui)重要的(de)作用(yong)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)儲能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中PCS控制，在穩定(ding)電能輸(shu)出的(de)同時，調節儲能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)向微(wei)電網(wang)(wang)輸(shu)出的(de)有功、無功，同時解決電壓驟降/跌落(luo)問題。

在面(mian)對主電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓驟升、驟降等問題時，儲能系(xi)統可以提(ti)供(gong)快速(su)功(gong)率緩沖(chong)，快速(su)吸收/補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，提(ti)供(gong)有功(gong)，無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率支撐，穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動。儲能系(xi)統也能為微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)提(ti)供(gong)部(bu)分諧波治理功(gong)能。

3、調峰

儲能系統在微電網中，可以在負荷低谷時候，存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能，在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能，調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節，在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲(chu)能系(xi)統在(zai)滿足峰值負(fu)荷用電(dian)的同時，可以降低發電(dian)機組或變壓(ya)器所需容(rong)量。