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電池儲能系統的結構組成

1、蓄電池系統

目前儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)三(san)類(lei)：物理儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)（抽水儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等）、化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)（鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)、氧化(hua)還原(yuan)液(ye)流(liu)電(dian)池(chi)、鈉硫電(dian)池(chi)、鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)）和(he)電(dian)磁儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)大(da)類(lei)，由于經濟性及(ji)應(ying)用(yong)場景的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，除抽水儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外(wai)，化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是應(ying)用(yong)最廣泛(fan)，從國(guo)際(ji)和(he)國(guo)內市場來(lai)看，化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中的(de)(de)鋰離(li)子應(ying)用(yong)較多。

2、PCS變流器系統

儲(chu)能(neng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)變(bian)流器(qi)簡稱PCS，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流器(qi)可(ke)以實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)池與電(dian)(dian)網間(jian)的(de)交直流轉換，完成兩者間(jian)的(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)能(neng)量(liang)流動，并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)控制策(ce)略實現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)管理(li)、網測負荷功率跟(gen)蹤、電(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)充放電(dian)(dian)功率控制和正(zheng)常及孤島運行方式下(xia)網測電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)控制；具有(you)高(gao)轉換效率、寬電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸入范圍、快速并(bing)離網切換和方便維護(hu)等特(te)點(dian)，同時具備(bei)完善的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)，如孤島保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、直流過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穿越（可(ke)選(xuan)）等，滿足系(xi)統(tong)(tong)并(bing)、離網要求。

3、箱變系統（如有）

如采(cai)用(yong)高壓(ya)（6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等）并(bing)網系統，須采(cai)用(yong)箱變完成升壓(ya)任務，為盡(jin)量減(jian)少兩支路間的電磁(ci)干擾(rao)及(ji)環流影響，箱變系統采(cai)用(yong)雙分裂變壓(ya)器，其(qi)他(ta)參數(shu)跟風電和(he)光伏無大(da)的差別。

4、站用變電系統（如有）

為(wei)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站內的(de)(de)設備(bei)提(ti)供交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，如(ru)照明、暖(nuan)通、檢(jian)修、保(bao)護屏(ping)、高壓開關柜內的(de)(de)儲能電(dian)(dian)機、開關儲能、生活和工作設施(shi)供電(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)，需(xu)要操(cao)作電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)。如(ru)與跟風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏等(deng)(deng)組成(cheng)多能互補的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)站，可與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)或光伏共用一套站用變(bian)系統。同(tong)時根據用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷，選擇合適(shi)的(de)(de)站用變(bian)容量。

5、電纜（一次和二次）

交流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交聯聚乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電力電纜具有高(gao)機械(xie)強度、耐環境應力好、優良的(de)電氣性能和(he)耐化(hua)學腐蝕等特(te)點，重(zhong)量輕，結構(gou)簡單，使(shi)用(yong)方便。本(ben)產品適用(yong)于交流額定電壓35kV 及以(yi)下的(de)輸配電線路上。

ZR-RVVP 控制電纜(lan)低(di)煙(yan)無(wu)鹵阻(zu)燃型電纜(lan)的(de)特(te)點是電纜(lan)不僅具備阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)能，而且(qie)具有低(di)發煙(yan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)無(wu)害性(xing)(xing)（毒性(xing)(xing)和(he)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)較小），適用于對電纜(lan)阻(zu)燃、煙(yan)密度、毒性(xing)(xing)指數有特(te)別要求的(de)場(chang)所。

6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)BMS，主要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)進(jin)行管理。充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)能保(bao)證各(ge)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差異小于設定值，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)各(ge)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)均(jun)充(chong)，有效地改善了串聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同時(shi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)各(ge)個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)過壓(ya)、欠(qian)壓(ya)、過流、短路、過溫狀態，保(bao)護(hu)并延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命。BMS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)隨鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成套提(ti)供。

能(neng)(neng)量管理系統EMS，主要是對電站的(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)運行(xing)狀態信息進行(xing)監控(kong)，包括系統功(gong)率曲線、電池電壓溫度信息、累計處(chu)理電量信息及其(qi)他約(yue)定的(de)(de)監測信息。并且可以在服務(wu)器(qi)中建(jian)立遠程監控(kong)軟(ruan)件能(neng)(neng)夠遠程控(kong)制及下載數據，能(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)時(shi)報警，并傳(chuan)輸到指(zhi)定手機上。

7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備

電池儲能(neng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)包括：測量(liang)監(jian)視功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、數據(ju)處理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、分析(xi)統計功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、操作控(kong)(kong)制功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事(shi)件告警功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、保(bao)護管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、人機(ji)接口功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、事(shi)故追憶及歷(li)史反演功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、歷(li)史數據(ju)管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、遠動及轉發(fa)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、系(xi)統維護功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。

相關接(jie)入系(xi)統(tong)的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)是(shi)整個(ge)(ge)的(de)監控系(xi)統(tong)的(de)組成部(bu)分，由(you)于各個(ge)(ge)地(di)方(fang)電網建設(she)(she)的(de)情(qing)況不(bu)一樣(yang)，形(xing)成了接(jie)入系(xi)統(tong)所需的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)不(bu)盡(jin)相同，不(bu)過根據國標GB、行標DL等(deng)要求，還是(shi)可以(yi)發現一些共同的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)。

儲能系統的作用

1、提高分布式能源的穩定性

儲能(neng)系統(tong)應(ying)用(yong)于微電(dian)網(wang)中，通過能(neng)源管理系統(tong)（EMS），將分(fen)布式能(neng)源與(yu)儲能(neng)系統(tong)、主(zhu)電(dian)網(wang)協同控制，可以平穩分(fen)布式能(neng)源的(de)波動，穩定輸(shu)出(chu)，并提供分(fen)布式能(neng)源的(de)就(jiu)地利用(yong)率，避免(mian)遠距離(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)給主(zhu)電(dian)網(wang)照(zhao)成傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)壓力及(ji)電(dian)力損耗。

除此之外，儲能系統還能在夜間，或分(fen)布(bu)式能源(yuan)維修期間，持續為主要(yao)負(fu)載提供部分(fen)電(dian)源(yuan)，減少停電(dian)時間。

2、改善用戶用電的電能質量

儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)運用，能(neng)夠對微電(dian)網電(dian)能(neng)質量的(de)提升發揮(hui)重要的(de)作用，系(xi)統(tong)通過(guo)對儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)中PCS控制，在(zai)穩定電(dian)能(neng)輸出的(de)同時，調節儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)向微電(dian)網輸出的(de)有功(gong)(gong)、無功(gong)(gong)，同時解決電(dian)壓驟降/跌(die)落問題。

在面對主電網電壓驟升、驟降(jiang)等問題時，儲能系統(tong)可以提(ti)供快(kuai)速功(gong)率緩(huan)沖(chong)，快(kuai)速吸收(shou)/補充電能，提(ti)供有功(gong)，無功(gong)功(gong)率支撐，穩定電壓波動。儲能系統(tong)也能為微電網提(ti)供部分諧波治(zhi)理(li)功(gong)能。

3、調峰

儲能系統在微電網中，可以在負荷低谷時候，存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能，在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能，調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節，在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能(neng)系統在滿足峰(feng)值(zhi)負荷(he)用電(dian)的同時，可以降低(di)發電(dian)機組或變(bian)壓器所需(xu)容量。