電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目(mu)前儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式(shi)主要分(fen)為三(san)類:物理(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(抽(chou)水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等)、化學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、氧化還原液(ye)流電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鈉硫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))和(he)電(dian)(dian)磁儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)大類,由(you)于經濟性及(ji)應(ying)用(yong)場景(jing)的原因,除抽(chou)水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外,化學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是應(ying)用(yong)最廣泛(fan),從國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內市(shi)場來看,化學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中(zhong)的鋰(li)離子(zi)應(ying)用(yong)較多(duo)。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲能(neng)雙向(xiang)變流(liu)器簡稱PCS,儲能(neng)變流(liu)器可以實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)池與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)間的(de)(de)交直流(liu)轉(zhuan)換,完(wan)成兩者間的(de)(de)雙向(xiang)能(neng)量流(liu)動,并(bing)通過(guo)控制(zhi)策略實(shi)現(xian)對電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)管理、網(wang)測(ce)負荷功(gong)率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)(dian)池儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)控制(zhi)和(he)正常及(ji)孤(gu)島(dao)運(yun)行方式下網(wang)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)控制(zhi);具有高轉(zhuan)換效(xiao)率(lv)、寬電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸入范(fan)圍、快速并(bing)離網(wang)切換和(he)方便維護等(deng)(deng)特點,同(tong)時具備完(wan)善的(de)(de)保(bao)護功(gong)能(neng),如孤(gu)島(dao)保(bao)護、直流(liu)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護和(he)低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穿越(可選)等(deng)(deng),滿(man)足系(xi)統(tong)并(bing)、離網(wang)要(yao)求。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如采(cai)(cai)(cai)用高壓(ya)(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等)并網(wang)系統,須采(cai)(cai)(cai)用箱變完成升壓(ya)任務,為盡量減少兩支(zhi)路間的電(dian)磁干擾及(ji)環流影響,箱變系統采(cai)(cai)(cai)用雙分裂變壓(ya)器,其他(ta)參(can)數跟風電(dian)和光(guang)伏無大的差別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站內的(de)(de)設備提供交流電(dian)(dian),如(ru)照明(ming)、暖通、檢修、保護屏、高壓開(kai)關柜內的(de)(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)機、開(kai)關儲能(neng)、生活和工作設施供電(dian)(dian)等,需要操(cao)作電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)。如(ru)與跟(gen)風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏等組成多能(neng)互補的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)站,可與風電(dian)(dian)或光(guang)伏共用(yong)(yong)一套站用(yong)(yong)變(bian)系(xi)統。同時根據用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷,選擇合適(shi)的(de)(de)站用(yong)(yong)變(bian)容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交(jiao)流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交(jiao)聯聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)具有高機械強度、耐(nai)環境(jing)應力好、優良的電(dian)氣性能和(he)耐(nai)化學腐蝕等特點,重量輕(qing),結構簡單(dan),使(shi)用方(fang)便。本產品適用于交(jiao)流額定電(dian)壓35kV 及(ji)以下(xia)的輸配電(dian)線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜(lan)低煙(yan)無(wu)(wu)鹵阻燃(ran)型電(dian)纜(lan)的特(te)(te)點是電(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)僅(jin)具備阻燃(ran)性(xing)能,而且具有低發煙(yan)性(xing)和無(wu)(wu)害性(xing)(毒性(xing)和腐蝕(shi)性(xing)較小),適用于(yu)對(dui)電(dian)纜(lan)阻燃(ran)、煙(yan)密(mi)度(du)、毒性(xing)指數有特(te)(te)別要求的場(chang)所。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電池(chi)管理(li)(li)系統BMS,主(zhu)要對電池(chi)組的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電保(bao)護進行管理(li)(li)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電時能保(bao)證(zheng)各(ge)(ge)單體電池(chi)之間的(de)(de)電壓(ya)差(cha)異小于設(she)定值,實現電池(chi)組各(ge)(ge)單體電池(chi)的(de)(de)均充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),有效(xiao)地(di)改善了串聯充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電方式下的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電效(xiao)果。同時檢測電池(chi)組中(zhong)各(ge)(ge)個單體電池(chi)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)、欠(qian)壓(ya)、過(guo)(guo)流、短路、過(guo)(guo)溫(wen)狀態(tai),保(bao)護并延長電池(chi)使用壽命(ming)。BMS系統隨鋰離子電池(chi)成(cheng)套(tao)提供。
能量(liang)管理系統EMS,主要是(shi)對電(dian)(dian)站的實時(shi)(shi)運行(xing)狀態(tai)信息進行(xing)監(jian)控,包(bao)括系統功率曲(qu)線、電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓溫(wen)度信息、累計處理電(dian)(dian)量(liang)信息及其(qi)他約定(ding)的監(jian)測信息。并且可以(yi)在(zai)服務(wu)器中建(jian)立遠(yuan)程監(jian)控軟件(jian)能夠遠(yuan)程控制及下載數據(ju),能夠實時(shi)(shi)報(bao)警,并傳輸到指定(ding)手機上(shang)。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池儲能(neng)(neng)監控系(xi)統(tong)基本功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)包括(kuo):測量監視功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、數(shu)據(ju)處理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、操作控制功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、事件告警(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、保護管理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、人機接口(kou)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、事故追憶及歷(li)史反演功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、歷(li)史數(shu)據(ju)管理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、遠動及轉(zhuan)發功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、系(xi)統(tong)維護功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。
相關接入(ru)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)整個的(de)監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)組(zu)成部分(fen),由(you)于(yu)各個地方電網(wang)建設的(de)情況不(bu)一樣,形(xing)成了接入(ru)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)所(suo)需的(de)設備(bei)(bei)不(bu)盡(jin)相同(tong),不(bu)過(guo)根據國標GB、行標DL等要求,還是(shi)可以發(fa)現一些(xie)共同(tong)的(de)設備(bei)(bei)。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)用于微電(dian)網中,通過能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(EMS),將分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與儲能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、主電(dian)網協(xie)同控(kong)制,可以平穩分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的波動,穩定輸出,并提供分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的就地利用率,避免(mian)遠(yuan)距離傳(chuan)輸給主電(dian)網照(zhao)成(cheng)傳(chuan)輸壓力(li)及電(dian)力(li)損耗。
除此(ci)之外,儲能(neng)(neng)系統還能(neng)(neng)在(zai)夜間,或分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源維修期(qi)間,持(chi)續為主要負載提供(gong)部分電源,減少停電時間。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲能系統的運用,能夠對微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)能質量的提升(sheng)發(fa)揮重要(yao)的作用,系統通過對儲能系統中(zhong)PCS控制,在穩定電(dian)(dian)能輸出的同時,調(diao)節儲能系統向微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸出的有(you)功、無功,同時解決電(dian)(dian)壓驟(zou)降/跌落問題。
在面對主電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)驟升(sheng)、驟降等問題時,儲能系統(tong)可以(yi)提供(gong)快速功率緩沖,快速吸(xi)收/補充(chong)電(dian)能,提供(gong)有功,無功功率支撐,穩定電(dian)壓(ya)波動。儲能系統(tong)也能為微電(dian)網提供(gong)部分諧波治理(li)功能。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能(neng)系(xi)統在滿足峰值(zhi)負荷用電(dian)的同時,可以降低發電(dian)機組或變(bian)壓器所需容(rong)量。