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儲能系統行業簡介

電池儲能系統的結構組成

1、蓄電池系統

目前(qian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主要分(fen)為三(san)類(lei)：物(wu)理(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（抽(chou)水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等）、化學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（鉛酸電池、氧化還原液流電池、鈉硫(liu)電池、鋰離(li)子(zi)電池）和(he)電磁儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)大類(lei)，由于經(jing)濟性及應(ying)(ying)(ying)用場景(jing)的原因，除抽(chou)水儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)外，化學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是應(ying)(ying)(ying)用最廣泛，從國際和(he)國內(nei)市場來看，化學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中的鋰離(li)子(zi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用較(jiao)多。

2、PCS變流器系統

儲(chu)能(neng)雙向變(bian)流(liu)器簡稱(cheng)PCS，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流(liu)器可以實現電(dian)池(chi)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)間(jian)的(de)交直流(liu)轉換(huan)，完成兩者間(jian)的(de)雙向能(neng)量流(liu)動，并通過控制(zhi)策(ce)略實現對電(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)管理、網(wang)(wang)(wang)測(ce)負荷功率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)充放(fang)電(dian)功率(lv)控制(zhi)和(he)正(zheng)常及孤島運(yun)行方(fang)式(shi)下(xia)網(wang)(wang)(wang)測(ce)電(dian)壓的(de)控制(zhi)；具(ju)有高轉換(huan)效率(lv)、寬電(dian)壓輸(shu)入范圍、快速并離網(wang)(wang)(wang)切換(huan)和(he)方(fang)便維護(hu)(hu)等(deng)特點，同時(shi)具(ju)備完善的(de)保護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，如孤島保護(hu)(hu)、直流(liu)過壓保護(hu)(hu)和(he)低(di)電(dian)壓穿越（可選）等(deng)，滿足系統(tong)并、離網(wang)(wang)(wang)要求。

3、箱變系統（如有）

如(ru)采用(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)（6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等(deng)）并網系(xi)統(tong)，須采用(yong)箱(xiang)變(bian)完成升壓(ya)(ya)任務，為(wei)盡量減少兩支路間的電(dian)磁干擾及環流影響，箱(xiang)變(bian)系(xi)統(tong)采用(yong)雙分裂變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器，其他參數(shu)跟(gen)風電(dian)和光伏(fu)無大(da)的差別(bie)。

4、站用變電系統（如有）

為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)內的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)提供(gong)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，如照(zhao)明、暖(nuan)通、檢修、保護屏、高壓(ya)開(kai)關(guan)柜內的(de)(de)儲能電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、開(kai)關(guan)儲能、生(sheng)活和工作設(she)施供(gong)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)，需(xu)要操作電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)。如與跟風電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)等(deng)組成多(duo)能互補的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，可與風電(dian)(dian)或光伏(fu)共用一套(tao)站(zhan)(zhan)用變(bian)系統。同時根據(ju)用電(dian)(dian)負荷，選擇合(he)適的(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)用變(bian)容量。

5、電纜（一次和二次）

交流(liu)ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻(zu)燃交聯(lian)聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜具有(you)高機(ji)械強度、耐(nai)(nai)環(huan)境(jing)應力好(hao)、優良的(de)電(dian)氣性(xing)能和耐(nai)(nai)化學腐蝕等特點，重量輕，結(jie)構(gou)簡單，使(shi)用(yong)方便。本產品(pin)適用(yong)于交流(liu)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)35kV 及以下(xia)的(de)輸配電(dian)線路(lu)上。

ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜低煙(yan)(yan)無鹵(lu)阻(zu)燃型(xing)電(dian)纜的特(te)點是(shi)電(dian)纜不僅具(ju)備(bei)阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，而且具(ju)有低發煙(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和無害性(xing)(xing)(xing)（毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)和腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)小(xiao)），適用于對電(dian)纜阻(zu)燃、煙(yan)(yan)密度、毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)數有特(te)別要求的場所。

6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統BMS，主要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)進(jin)行管理。充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)能保證各(ge)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差異小于設定值，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組各(ge)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)均充，有效地(di)改善(shan)了串聯充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同時(shi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中各(ge)個單(dan)(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)過壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)、過流(liu)、短路、過溫(wen)狀態，保護(hu)并(bing)延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命。BMS系統隨鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成套提(ti)供。

能(neng)量管理(li)系(xi)統EMS，主要是對(dui)電站的(de)(de)實(shi)時運行(xing)狀(zhuang)態信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)進行(xing)監控，包括系(xi)統功率曲(qu)線、電池電壓溫度信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)、累計處理(li)電量信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)及其他約定的(de)(de)監測信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)。并(bing)且可以(yi)在服務器中建立(li)遠程監控軟(ruan)件(jian)能(neng)夠遠程控制及下載數據，能(neng)夠實(shi)時報警，并(bing)傳輸到指定手機上。

7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備

電池(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監控系統(tong)基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包括：測量監視(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、數據處理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、操作(zuo)控制功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事件告警功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、保護(hu)管(guan)理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、人機接(jie)口(kou)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事故追憶(yi)及(ji)歷(li)史(shi)反演功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、歷(li)史(shi)數據管(guan)理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、遠動及(ji)轉(zhuan)發功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、系統(tong)維護(hu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

相關接(jie)入(ru)系(xi)統的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)是(shi)整個的(de)(de)監控(kong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)組成部分，由于各個地方(fang)電網建設(she)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)不一樣，形成了接(jie)入(ru)系(xi)統所需(xu)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)不盡相同，不過根據國標GB、行標DL等要求，還(huan)是(shi)可以發現一些共(gong)同的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)。

儲能系統的作用

1、提高分布式能源的穩定性

儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)應用于微電(dian)網中，通過能(neng)(neng)源管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)（EMS），將(jiang)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源與儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)、主(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)網協同(tong)控制，可以平穩(wen)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源的波動，穩(wen)定(ding)輸出，并提供分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源的就(jiu)地利用率(lv)，避免遠距離傳(chuan)輸給主(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)網照成傳(chuan)輸壓力(li)及電(dian)力(li)損耗(hao)。

除此(ci)之外，儲能系統(tong)還能在夜間(jian)(jian)，或分(fen)布式能源(yuan)維(wei)修期間(jian)(jian)，持續為主要(yao)負(fu)載提(ti)供部分(fen)電源(yuan)，減少(shao)停電時間(jian)(jian)。

2、改善用戶用電的電能質量

儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的運用，能(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)微(wei)電(dian)網電(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量的提升發(fa)揮重要的作(zuo)用，系統(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)過對(dui)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中PCS控制，在穩定電(dian)能(neng)輸出(chu)的同時(shi)，調節儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)向(xiang)微(wei)電(dian)網輸出(chu)的有功、無功，同時(shi)解決電(dian)壓驟降/跌(die)落問(wen)題。

在面對主電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)驟升、驟降等問題時(shi)，儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統可以提供(gong)快速功(gong)率緩沖(chong)，快速吸(xi)收/補充(chong)電(dian)能(neng)，提供(gong)有功(gong)，無功(gong)功(gong)率支(zhi)撐，穩(wen)定電(dian)壓(ya)波動(dong)。儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統也能(neng)為微電(dian)網(wang)提供(gong)部分諧波治理功(gong)能(neng)。

3、調峰

儲能系統在微電網中，可以在負荷低谷時候，存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能，在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能，調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節，在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能系統(tong)在(zai)滿足峰(feng)值負荷用電的(de)同時，可以降低(di)發電機組或變壓器所需容(rong)量。