電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目前儲(chu)能方式(shi)主要分(fen)為三(san)類(lei):物理儲(chu)能(抽(chou)水(shui)儲(chu)能、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能、飛輪儲(chu)能等)、化(hua)學儲(chu)能(鉛酸電池(chi)、氧化(hua)還原(yuan)液流電池(chi)、鈉硫電池(chi)、鋰離子(zi)電池(chi))和電磁儲(chu)能三(san)大類(lei),由于經濟(ji)性及應(ying)(ying)用場景的原(yuan)因,除抽(chou)水(shui)儲(chu)能外,化(hua)學儲(chu)能是(shi)應(ying)(ying)用最廣泛,從國(guo)際和國(guo)內市場來(lai)看,化(hua)學儲(chu)能中的鋰離子(zi)應(ying)(ying)用較(jiao)多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲能雙向變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)簡(jian)稱PCS,儲能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)可以(yi)實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網間的交直流(liu)轉(zhuan)換,完(wan)成(cheng)兩者間的雙向能量流(liu)動,并通過控制策略實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統的充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)管理、網測負荷功率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲能系統充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)控制和正常及孤島運行方式下網測電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的控制;具有高(gao)轉(zhuan)換效率(lv)、寬(kuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸(shu)入(ru)范圍、快速并離網切(qie)換和方便維護等(deng)特點,同時具備完(wan)善的保(bao)護功能,如孤島保(bao)護、直流(liu)過壓保(bao)護和低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穿(chuan)越(可選)等(deng),滿足(zu)系統并、離網要求。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如(ru)采用(yong)高壓(ya)(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等)并網系統,須采用(yong)箱變(bian)完成升壓(ya)任務,為(wei)盡量減少兩支(zhi)路間的電磁干擾及環(huan)流影響,箱變(bian)系統采用(yong)雙分裂變(bian)壓(ya)器,其他(ta)參數(shu)跟風(feng)電和光伏無(wu)大的差別(bie)。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為(wei)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)設備提供(gong)交流(liu)電(dian),如照明、暖通(tong)、檢修(xiu)、保(bao)護屏、高壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)柜內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能電(dian)機、開關(guan)(guan)儲(chu)能、生(sheng)活和工作設施供(gong)電(dian)等,需要(yao)操作電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)。如與(yu)跟風(feng)電(dian)、光伏等組成(cheng)多(duo)能互補(bu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)站(zhan),可(ke)與(yu)風(feng)電(dian)或光伏共用(yong)一套站(zhan)用(yong)變(bian)(bian)系統。同時根(gen)據用(yong)電(dian)負(fu)荷,選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)(de)站(zhan)用(yong)變(bian)(bian)容量(liang)。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交(jiao)(jiao)流ZR-YJV22 或(huo)ZR-YJV23阻(zu)燃(ran)交(jiao)(jiao)聯聚乙烯絕緣電力電纜具有高機械強度、耐(nai)環境應(ying)力好、優(you)良的(de)電氣性能和耐(nai)化學(xue)腐(fu)蝕等特(te)點(dian),重量(liang)輕,結(jie)構簡(jian)單,使用方便。本產品適用于交(jiao)(jiao)流額(e)定(ding)電壓35kV 及(ji)以下的(de)輸(shu)配電線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電纜低煙無(wu)(wu)鹵(lu)阻燃型電纜的(de)特點是(shi)電纜不僅(jin)具備(bei)阻燃性(xing)(xing)能(neng),而且具有低發煙性(xing)(xing)和無(wu)(wu)害性(xing)(xing)(毒性(xing)(xing)和腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)較小),適(shi)用于(yu)對電纜阻燃、煙密度、毒性(xing)(xing)指數(shu)有特別要求的(de)場所(suo)。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統(tong)BMS,主(zhu)要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護進行管理。充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)能保證(zheng)各(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差異小于設定值,實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)各(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的均(jun)充(chong)(chong),有(you)效地改善了串聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式下(xia)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同(tong)時(shi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中各(ge)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)、欠壓(ya)(ya)、過(guo)流、短(duan)路、過(guo)溫(wen)狀(zhuang)態,保護并延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。BMS系統(tong)隨鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)成套提供。
能量管理系統EMS,主(zhu)要是對電(dian)站的實時(shi)(shi)運行狀態(tai)信(xin)息進(jin)行監控(kong),包括(kuo)系統功率曲線(xian)、電(dian)池電(dian)壓溫度信(xin)息、累計處(chu)理電(dian)量信(xin)息及其他約定(ding)的監測信(xin)息。并且可以在服務器中建(jian)立遠(yuan)程監控(kong)軟件能夠遠(yuan)程控(kong)制及下(xia)載(zai)數據,能夠實時(shi)(shi)報警,并傳輸(shu)到指定(ding)手機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)監控系統(tong)基本功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包括:測量監視功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、數據處理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、操作控制功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、事件告警功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、保護(hu)管理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、人機接口功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、事故(gu)追憶及歷史反演功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、歷史數據管理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、遠動及轉發(fa)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、系統(tong)維護(hu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
相(xiang)關接入系(xi)統的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)是(shi)(shi)整個的(de)監(jian)控系(xi)統的(de)組成部(bu)分,由于(yu)各個地方(fang)電網建設(she)(she)的(de)情況不一樣,形成了(le)接入系(xi)統所需的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)不盡(jin)相(xiang)同(tong),不過根據國(guo)標GB、行(xing)標DL等要求,還是(shi)(shi)可以發現一些共(gong)同(tong)的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲能(neng)(neng)系統應用于微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中,通(tong)過(guo)能(neng)(neng)源管理系統(EMS),將分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源與儲能(neng)(neng)系統、主(zhu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)協同控制,可以平穩分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源的波(bo)動,穩定輸出,并提供(gong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源的就地利(li)用率(lv),避免遠距離(li)傳輸給主(zhu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)照成傳輸壓力(li)及電(dian)力(li)損耗。
除此之(zhi)外,儲能(neng)系統還能(neng)在(zai)夜間(jian),或分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式能(neng)源維修期間(jian),持續為主(zhu)要(yao)負載(zai)提供(gong)部分(fen)(fen)電源,減少停(ting)電時(shi)間(jian)。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)的(de)運用(yong),能(neng)(neng)夠對微電網電能(neng)(neng)質(zhi)量的(de)提升發(fa)揮重要的(de)作用(yong),系統(tong)通過對儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)中PCS控(kong)制,在穩定電能(neng)(neng)輸(shu)出的(de)同(tong)時,調節(jie)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)向(xiang)微電網輸(shu)出的(de)有功、無(wu)功,同(tong)時解決電壓(ya)驟降/跌落(luo)問(wen)題。
在面(mian)對主電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)驟升、驟降等問(wen)題時(shi),儲能(neng)系統可(ke)以提(ti)供(gong)(gong)快速功率緩沖,快速吸(xi)收/補充電(dian)(dian)能(neng),提(ti)供(gong)(gong)有功,無功功率支撐,穩定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動。儲能(neng)系統也能(neng)為微電(dian)(dian)網提(ti)供(gong)(gong)部分諧波(bo)治理功能(neng)。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能系統在滿足峰值負荷(he)用(yong)電的同(tong)時,可以降低(di)發(fa)電機組或變壓器所(suo)需容量。