船舶有哪些種類
船舶分(fen)類方法很多,可按用途(tu)、航行(xing)狀態、船體數目、推(tui)進(jin)動力、推(tui)進(jin)器等分(fen)類。
按用途,船舶一般分為軍用和民用船舶兩大類。按(an)船(chuan)舶的(de)航行狀態通常(chang)可(ke)分為排水型船(chuan)舶、滑行艇(ting)、水翼艇(ting)和氣墊船(chuan)。按船(chuan)(chuan)舶的船(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)數目可分為單(dan)體(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)和多(duo)體(ti)船(chuan)(chuan),在(zai)多(duo)體(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)型中(zhong)雙體(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)較為多(duo)見。按推進(jin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力可分為機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和非機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan) ,機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)按推進(jin)主機(ji)(ji)的(de)類型又分為蒸汽(qi)機(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(現已(yi)淘(tao)汰)、汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、柴油機(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、燃氣輪機(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、聯合動(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝(zhuang)置船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、電力推進(jin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、核動(dong)(dong)(dong)力船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。
按(an)(an)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶推進器又可分(fen)為螺旋(xuan)槳(jiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)水推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)氣(qi)推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、明輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平旋(xuan)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng) ,空氣(qi)螺旋(xuan)槳(jiang)只用于少數氣(qi)墊船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按(an)(an)機艙(cang)的位(wei)置,有尾機型(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(機艙(cang)在(zai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的尾部(bu)),中機型(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和中尾機型(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按(an)(an)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體結構(gou)材料,有鋼(gang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋁合金(jin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、木船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼(gang)絲網水泥船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、玻璃鋼(gang)艇、橡(xiang)皮艇、混合結構(gou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)。
船舶的結構
船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶是(shi)由許多(duo)部分(fen)構成的,按各部分(fen)的作用和用途,可綜合歸納為(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶動力裝置、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶電(dian)氣(qi)等三大部分(fen)。
現在市場上造船船舶工業品牌很多,且中國船舶(bo)工業已能建造(zao)符合各大船級(ji)社(she)的國際標準(zhun),在(zai)全球(qiu)海域航行的各類(lei)船舶(bo)。
船舶的排水量是什么意思
船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)指船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)在一定狀態下的(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),通常以噸(dun)為(wei)單(dan)位(wei)。船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)滿(man)載時(shi)的(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)為(wei)滿(man)載排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),或(huo)重(zhong)排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)不裝載貨(huo)物時(shi)船(chuan)體和機艙(cang)等(deng)部分的(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)為(wei)空船(chuan)排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),或(huo)輕排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),如未指明時(shi),船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)多指滿(man)載排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。排(pai)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)表示(shi)船(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)噸(dun)位(wei)的(de)眾多指標之一,縮寫作DT(Displacement Tonnage),與凈噸(dun)位(wei)(NT)、總(zong)(zong)噸(dun)位(wei)(GT)或(huo)載重(zhong)噸(dun)位(wei)(DWT)等(deng)是(shi)不同(tong)的(de)概(gai)念。