船舶有哪些種類
船舶(bo)分類(lei)方法很(hen)多(duo),可按用途、航(hang)行(xing)狀態、船體數(shu)目(mu)、推進(jin)(jin)動力、推進(jin)(jin)器等分類(lei)。
按用途,船舶一般分為軍用和民用船舶兩大類。按船(chuan)舶的(de)航行狀態通(tong)常可分為(wei)排水(shui)型(xing)船(chuan)舶、滑行艇、水(shui)翼艇和氣墊船(chuan)。按船(chuan)舶的(de)船(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)數目可分(fen)為單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)和多(duo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan),在(zai)多(duo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)型中雙(shuang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)較(jiao)為多(duo)見。按(an)推進動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)可分(fen)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)和非機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan) ,機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)按(an)推進主機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的類(lei)型又分(fen)為(wei)蒸汽(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)(現已淘汰)、汽(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、柴油機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、聯合動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)裝置船(chuan)(chuan)、電力(li)推進船(chuan)(chuan)、核動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)船(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)。
按(an)(an)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶推進器又可分為螺旋(xuan)槳(jiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)水(shui)推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)氣(qi)推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、明輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平旋(xuan)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等 ,空氣(qi)螺旋(xuan)槳(jiang)只用(yong)于少數氣(qi)墊船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)艙的位置,有尾(wei)機(ji)(ji)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(機(ji)(ji)艙在船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的尾(wei)部),中(zhong)機(ji)(ji)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和中(zhong)尾(wei)機(ji)(ji)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按(an)(an)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體結構(gou)材(cai)料,有鋼(gang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋁合(he)金船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、木(mu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼(gang)絲網水(shui)泥船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、玻璃鋼(gang)艇、橡皮艇、混合(he)結構(gou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。
船舶的結構
船(chuan)舶是由許多(duo)部(bu)(bu)分構成的,按各部(bu)(bu)分的作用和(he)用途,可綜合歸(gui)納為(wei)船(chuan)體、船(chuan)舶動力裝置(zhi)、船(chuan)舶電氣等三(san)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分。
現在市場上造船船舶工業品牌很多,且中國船舶工業已能建造(zao)符合(he)各(ge)大船級(ji)社的國際標(biao)準,在(zai)全球海(hai)域航行的各(ge)類船舶。
船舶的排水量是什么意思
船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)排水量(liang)(liang)(liang)是指(zhi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)在一定狀態下(xia)的(de)總(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang),通常以噸(dun)為(wei)(wei)單位(wei)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)滿載時的(de)總(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)滿載排水量(liang)(liang)(liang),或重(zhong)排水量(liang)(liang)(liang),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)不(bu)(bu)裝載貨物時船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)和(he)機艙(cang)等部分的(de)總(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)空船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)排水量(liang)(liang)(liang),或輕排水量(liang)(liang)(liang),如未(wei)指(zhi)明時,船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)排水量(liang)(liang)(liang)多指(zhi)滿載排水量(liang)(liang)(liang)。排水量(liang)(liang)(liang)是表示船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)噸(dun)位(wei)的(de)眾(zhong)多指(zhi)標之一,縮(suo)寫作DT(Displacement Tonnage),與(yu)凈(jing)噸(dun)位(wei)(NT)、總(zong)噸(dun)位(wei)(GT)或載重(zhong)噸(dun)位(wei)(DWT)等是不(bu)(bu)同的(de)概念。