船舶是(shi)(shi)一種主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在地理(li)水(shui)中運(yun)行的(de)(de)人造交通工具(ju)。另外(wai)，民用船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一般(ban)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，軍用船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艦(jian)，小型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艇(ting)或(huo)舟，其總(zong)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)艦(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇(ting)。內部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括容納(na)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)、支撐結構和排水(shui)結構，具(ju)有利用外(wai)在或(huo)自(zi)帶能源的(de)(de)推進(jin)系統。外(wai)型一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)利于(yu)克服流體(ti)阻力的(de)(de)流線性包絡，材(cai)料隨著科技(ji)進(jin)步不斷更(geng)新，早期為(wei)(wei)(wei)木、竹、麻等自(zi)然材(cai)料，近代多是(shi)(shi)鋼材(cai)以及鋁、玻璃纖維、亞克力和各種復合(he)材(cai)料。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)由(you)許多部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)構成的(de)(de)，按各部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)作用和用途(tu)，可綜合(he)歸(gui)納(na)為(wei)(wei)(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)動力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)電(dian)氣等三大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)基本部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)和上層(ceng)建筑部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)一般(ban)指上甲板(ban)以下(xia)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，它是(shi)(shi)由(you)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側)和上甲板(ban)圍成的(de)(de)具(ju)有特定(ding)形狀的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)心體(ti)，是(shi)(shi)保(bao)證船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)具(ju)有所需浮力、航海性能和船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)強度的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)一般(ban)用于(yu)布置(zhi)動力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、裝(zhuang)載貨物、儲存燃油和淡水(shui)，以及布置(zhi)其他各種艙室。