船舶是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)在地理水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)運行的(de)(de)人(ren)造交通工具(ju)。另外(wai)，民用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，軍用(yong)(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為艦(jian)，小型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)稱(cheng)為艇或(huo)舟(zhou)，其(qi)(qi)總稱(cheng)為艦(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)或(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艇。內部(bu)主(zhu)要(yao)包括容(rong)納空間、支撐結構和排水(shui)(shui)結構，具(ju)有(you)利用(yong)(yong)外(wai)在或(huo)自帶(dai)能源的(de)(de)推進(jin)系統(tong)。外(wai)型(xing)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)利于克(ke)服流體(ti)(ti)阻力的(de)(de)流線(xian)性(xing)包絡，材(cai)料隨著科技進(jin)步不斷(duan)更新，早期為木、竹、麻等(deng)自然材(cai)料，近代多(duo)是(shi)鋼材(cai)以(yi)及鋁、玻璃纖維、亞克(ke)力和各(ge)種(zhong)復合(he)材(cai)料。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶是(shi)由許多(duo)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)構成的(de)(de)，按各(ge)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)和用(yong)(yong)途(tu)，可(ke)綜合(he)歸納為船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶動力裝置(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶電氣等(deng)三大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶的(de)(de)基(ji)本部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)和上層(ceng)建筑部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)指上甲板以(yi)下的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，它是(shi)由船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)殼(船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)底及船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)側)和上甲板圍成的(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)特定(ding)形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)空心(xin)體(ti)(ti)，是(shi)保證船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶具(ju)有(you)所需浮力、航海(hai)性(xing)能和船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)強度的(de)(de)關鍵部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)于布置(zhi)動力裝置(zhi)、裝載貨物、儲存燃油和淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)，以(yi)及布置(zhi)其(qi)(qi)他各(ge)種(zhong)艙(cang)室(shi)。