船舶有哪些種類
船(chuan)舶(bo)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)方法很(hen)多,可按用(yong)途、航行狀態、船(chuan)體(ti)數(shu)目、推(tui)進動力、推(tui)進器(qi)等分(fen)類(lei)(lei)。
按用途,船舶一般分為軍用和民用船舶兩大類。按船舶(bo)的(de)航行狀(zhuang)態通常可分為排水型船舶(bo)、滑行艇、水翼艇和氣墊船。按(an)船(chuan)舶的船(chuan)體(ti)數(shu)目可分為單體(ti)船(chuan)和多(duo)體(ti)船(chuan),在多(duo)體(ti)船(chuan)型中(zhong)雙(shuang)體(ti)船(chuan)較(jiao)為多(duo)見(jian)。按(an)推進動(dong)(dong)力可(ke)分為(wei)機動(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和非機動(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan) ,機動(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)按(an)推進主機的類型又分為(wei)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(現已淘汰)、汽(qi)輪機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、柴油機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、燃氣輪機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、聯合動(dong)(dong)力裝置(zhi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、電力推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、核(he)動(dong)(dong)力船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。
按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)推進器(qi)又可分(fen)為螺旋(xuan)槳船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)水(shui)推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴(pen)氣(qi)推進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、明(ming)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平旋(xuan)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng) ,空氣(qi)螺旋(xuan)槳只用于少數氣(qi)墊船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按機艙的位置,有尾(wei)機型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(機艙在(zai)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的尾(wei)部),中(zhong)機型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和中(zhong)尾(wei)機型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體結構(gou)材料,有鋼船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋁合(he)金(jin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、木船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼絲網水(shui)泥船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、玻(bo)璃鋼艇、橡皮(pi)艇、混合(he)結構(gou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)。
船舶的結構
船舶是由許(xu)多部(bu)分(fen)構成的(de),按(an)各部(bu)分(fen)的(de)作用(yong)和(he)用(yong)途(tu),可(ke)綜合歸納為船體、船舶動力(li)裝置(zhi)、船舶電氣等三大部(bu)分(fen)。
現在市場上造船船舶工業品牌很多,且中國船舶(bo)工(gong)業(ye)已能(neng)建造符合各(ge)(ge)大船級社的國際標準,在(zai)全球海域航(hang)行的各(ge)(ge)類船舶(bo)。
船舶的排水量是什么意思
船舶的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是指船舶在(zai)一(yi)定狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),通常以噸(dun)(dun)為單位(wei)。船舶滿(man)載(zai)時(shi)的(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)稱為滿(man)載(zai)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),或(huo)重(zhong)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),船舶不裝載(zai)貨(huo)物時(shi)船體和(he)機艙等部分的(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)稱為空船排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),或(huo)輕排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),如未(wei)指明時(shi),船舶的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)多指滿(man)載(zai)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是表示(shi)船舶噸(dun)(dun)位(wei)的(de)(de)眾多指標之(zhi)一(yi),縮寫作DT(Displacement Tonnage),與(yu)凈噸(dun)(dun)位(wei)(NT)、總(zong)(zong)噸(dun)(dun)位(wei)(GT)或(huo)載(zai)重(zhong)噸(dun)(dun)位(wei)(DWT)等是不同的(de)(de)概念。