一、汽車啟動系統的組成
汽車點火開關
汽車(che)點火開(kai)關可自由(you)開(kai)啟或關閉點火線圈的(de)主要電路(lu)。鑰(yao)匙插進(jin)點火開(kai)關后(hou)(hou),在每個(ge)(ge)擋位做瞬間(jian)停留大約1-2秒鐘,這時能聽見電器設備通電的(de)聲音,然后(hou)(hou)再進(jin)入(ru)下(xia)一個(ge)(ge)擋位就可以了(le)。
汽車啟動繼電器
起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工作時,需要(yao)有很大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,而汽(qi)車起動繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)就是來控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是通過控(kong)(kong)制低壓線路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流來控(kong)(kong)制高壓線路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,起到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流開關的(de)(de)作用。啟(qi)動繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是啟(qi)動系統組成(cheng)部件之一,在(zai)汽(qi)車上主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)作用為小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)(kong)制大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)式(shi)啟(qi)動馬達轉動,從(cong)而帶動發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)內部磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉子轉動,給點火器(qi)輸入點火脈沖(chong)信號,使點火器(qi)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花,點燃汽(qi)缸(gang)內的(de)(de)混(hun)合(he)燃氣并做(zuo)功。
汽車啟動機
起動機可以(yi)將蓄電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)能轉化為(wei)機械能,驅動發(fa)動機飛(fei)輪旋轉實現發(fa)動機的(de)起動。發(fa)動機在(zai)以(yi)自(zi)身動力(li)(li)運(yun)轉之前,必須借助(zhu)外力(li)(li)旋轉。發(fa)動機借助(zhu)外力(li)(li)由靜(jing)止狀態過渡(du)到能自(zi)行運(yun)轉的(de)過程(cheng),稱為(wei)發(fa)動機的(de)起動。
汽車蓄電池
汽車(che)蓄電池是一種將化學能(neng)轉變(bian)成電能(neng)的裝置,屬于直流電源,它的作(zuo)用有:
(1)啟動(dong)發動(dong)機時,給起動(dong)機提供(gong)強(qiang)大的起動(dong)電流(liu)(10A左右)。
(2)當發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)過載時(shi),可(ke)以協助發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)向用電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)供電(dian)(dian)。
(3)當(dang)發動(dong)機處于(yu)怠速時,向用電(dian)設備供電(dian)。
(4)蓄電池還是一個大容(rong)量電容(rong)器(qi),可以保(bao)護汽(qi)車的用電器(qi)。
(5)當發電(dian)機端(duan)電(dian)壓高(gao)于鉛蓄電(dian)池的電(dian)動勢時(shi),將一部分電(dian)能轉變為化學能儲存起來(lai),也就是進(jin)行充電(dian)。
汽車發電(dian)(dian)機是(shi)(shi)汽車的主要電(dian)(dian)源,其功用(yong)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)發動(dong)機正常運轉時,向所有(you)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備(起(qi)動(dong)機除外)供(gong)電(dian)(dian),同時向蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
汽車保險絲
汽(qi)車保(bao)險絲是電流保(bao)險絲的一種,當電路(lu)電流超過(guo)保(bao)險絲額(e)定電流的2倍時就會在幾秒內熔斷(duan),起到電路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)的作用(yong)。常用(yong)于汽(qi)車電路(lu)過(guo)流保(bao)護(hu),也用(yong)于工(gong)業設備(bei)的過(guo)流保(bao)護(hu)。
二、汽車啟動系統故障維修
原因
原因一:蓄(xu)電池供電系統有(you)問題
如蓄電(dian)池電(dian)量不足、汽小伙伴電(dian)源保險或(huo)繼電(dian)器損(sun)壞、起動機電(dian)纜和蓄電(dian)池接線(xian)柱(zhu)松動或(huo)是接線(xian)柱(zhu)氧化(hua)。
原因二:起動繼(ji)電器故障問題
如起(qi)動(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)圈短路(lu)、起(qi)動(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)圈斷路(lu)或(huo)搭(da)鐵、起(qi)動(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器動(dong)觸(chu)點(dian)或(huo)靜觸(chu)點(dian)燒蝕、起(qi)動(dong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器鐵芯與觸(chu)點(dian)臂(bei)間隙過大等。
原因三(san):起動機(ji)故障問題
如(ru)起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)直流(liu)電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)故(gu)(gu)障問(wen)(wen)題(ti)、傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)構(gou)故(gu)(gu)障問(wen)(wen)題(ti)、調節(jie)裝置故(gu)(gu)障問(wen)(wen)題(ti)等。
原因(yin)四:起動(dong)開關故(gu)障(zhang)問題
汽車起動擋失靈。
檢測方法
檢測方(fang)法一(yi):檢測蓄電池
當(dang)有喇叭不(bu)響(xiang)、儀表燈暗淡、電動(dong)車(che)窗升降(jiang)慢、汽車(che)前大燈昏暗、防起(qi)動(dong)指(zhi)示燈閃爍(shuo)(有些車(che)型)等狀況時,檢測(ce)(ce)蓄電池接(jie)線(xian)柱是不(bu)是氧化或連接(jie)不(bu)良(liang)、蓄電池接(jie)地不(bu)良(liang)、測(ce)(ce)量起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)的起(qi)動(dong)電壓(ya)應(ying)該(gai)是大于(yu)9.6V。
檢(jian)測方法二:檢(jian)測起動機
將起(qi)(qi)動機(ji)上接(jie)電纜線(xian)的(de)主接(jie)線(xian)桿與(yu)起(qi)(qi)動接(jie)線(xian)柱短接(jie),若起(qi)(qi)動機(ji)不可(ke)以工作,說明起(qi)(qi)動機(ji)的(de)電磁(ci)開關等有故障問題(ti),需拆下起(qi)(qi)動機(ji)進(jin)行檢(jian)修。
檢測方法三:檢測點(dian)火(huo)開關和點(dian)火(huo)開關有關線路。
檢測方(fang)法四:檢測汽車起動(dong)繼(ji)電器和起動(dong)保(bao)險(xian),用這(zhe)個判斷故障問題地方(fang)位置。