單方行(xing)為(wei)(wei)、雙方行(xing)為(wei)(wei)與多方行(xing)為(wei)(wei)

1、單方法律行為

無(wu)(wu)須他人(ren)意(yi)思表示就可成立生效。單(dan)方行(xing)為(wei)又分為(wei)：有(you)相對人(ren)的(de)(de)單(dan)方行(xing)為(wei)：如(ru)授權、解除、免除、撤銷。無(wu)(wu)相對人(ren)的(de)(de)單(dan)方行(xing)為(wei)：如(ru)拋(pao)棄行(xing)為(wei)、遺囑行(xing)為(wei)、捐助財團法(fa)人(ren)的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)。

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2、雙方法律行為

內容相同方向相反，如合同，需要雙方意思(si)表(biao)示一(yi)致。

3、多方法律行為

多方法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)，是(shi)指(zhi)必須經雙方(或多方)當事(shi)(shi)人意思表示一致才能成立(li)的民(min)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)，如訂立(li)合同的行(xing)為(wei)。民(min)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)多數為(wei)多方法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)。

有償(chang)行為與無償(chang)行為

1、什么是有償行為

有償民事法律行為是雙(shuang)方當事(shi)人各因給付而(er)取(qu)得(de)對(dui)待(dai)利益的行為，即(ji)約定各方當事(shi)人均需履行義務，并(bing)獲得(de)有對(dui)價利益的權利。所謂對(dui)價或對(dui)待(dai)利益，是按市場(chang)法則判(pan)斷當事(shi)人在交易中各得(de)其所，而(er)不是按觀念判(pan)斷的絕對(dui)均等。

2、什么是無償行為

無償(chang)民事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)是(shi)當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)約(yue)定一(yi)方(fang)當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)履行(xing)(xing)義務，對方(fang)當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)不給與(yu)對價利(li)益的行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。這種行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的特點(dian)是(shi)，雙方(fang)不形成對應報償(chang)關系。贈與(yu)、使用借(jie)貸等都(dou)是(shi)無償(chang)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。

諾成(cheng)性行(xing)為(wei)和實踐性行(xing)為(wei)

1、什么是諾成性行為

諾(nuo)成(cheng)性民(min)(min)事法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)，“實踐性民(min)(min)事法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)”的(de)對稱，又稱“諾(nuo)成(cheng)的(de)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)”。是指只須由當(dang)事人雙方(fang)意思表示一致即(ji)可依法(fa)(fa)成(cheng)立的(de)雙方(fang)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。

2、什么是實踐性行為

實踐(jian)性(xing)行(xing)為(wei)，是(shi)(shi)指除當事(shi)人意思(si)表示(shi)一(yi)致之外，還需(xu)要交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)標的物(wu)(wu)才能成立的民事(shi)法律行(xing)為(wei)。實踐(jian)性(xing)民事(shi)法律行(xing)為(wei)因為(wei)有交(jiao)(jiao)物(wu)(wu)這個(ge)特點(dian)，又被稱為(wei)要物(wu)(wu)行(xing)為(wei)。如民間借貸(dai)行(xing)為(wei)就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種典型的實踐(jian)性(xing)行(xing)為(wei)。

要式行為和非要式行為

1、什么是要式行為

要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為是(shi)指公民(min)設立、變更、終(zhong)止民(min)事權利和民(min)事義務要(yao)(yao)(yao)符合法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)的規(gui)定，遵照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的形(xing)式(shi)，才能成(cheng)立的法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為。其(qi)必須采取一定形(xing)式(shi)或履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一定程序。例(li)(li)如，票據行(xing)(xing)(xing)為就是(shi)典(dian)型的要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為。再例(li)(li)如，房(fang)(fang)屋過戶時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)房(fang)(fang)產登(deng)記就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為。不按照(zhao)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)規(gui)定的形(xing)式(shi)的要(yao)(yao)(yao)式(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為不具備法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)效力(li)。

要(yao)(yao)式行為(wei)又分為(wei)一般(ban)要(yao)(yao)式(書(shu)面形式)和特殊要(yao)(yao)式(書(shu)面+登記或(huo)批準)。我國要(yao)(yao)式行為(wei)主要(yao)(yao)有：遺囑、收(shou)養(yang)協議、結婚、一方是銀行的(de)借款合(he)同(tong)(tong)、融資租賃合(he)同(tong)(tong)、建(jian)設工(gong)程承包合(he)同(tong)(tong)、技(ji)術(shu)轉讓和技(ji)術(shu)開發合(he)同(tong)(tong)、抵押合(he)同(tong)(tong)、質押合(he)同(tong)(tong)、定金合(he)同(tong)(tong)、保證(zheng)合(he)同(tong)(tong)。沒(mei)有采取(qu)一般(ban)要(yao)(yao)式的(de)，合(he)同(tong)(tong)不(bu)成立；沒(mei)有采取(qu)特殊要(yao)(yao)式的(de)，合(he)同(tong)(tong)不(bu)生效。

2、什么是非要式行為

非要(yao)式(shi)(shi)行為，是指無需特定形式(shi)(shi)或(huo)程序即能成立(li)的法律(lv)行為。綜合起(qi)來說就是：如法律(lv)規(gui)定某種民(min)事法律(lv)行為無須(xu)采用某種形式(shi)(shi)。公民(min)或(huo)者法人設立(li)、變更、終止民(min)事權利和民(min)事義務(wu)，無須(xu)遵照法律(lv)要(yao)求(qiu)的形式(shi)(shi)，其法律(lv)行為方能成立(li)。

有因行(xing)為與無因行(xing)為

1、什么是有因行為

以原因為(wei)條件的民(min)事法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)。即該(gai)民(min)事法(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的效力(li)受原因行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的制約，原因行(xing)(xing)為(wei)如有欠缺、不(bu)合法(fa)、不(bu)可能(neng)或與該(gai)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)不(bu)一致的，則(ze)該(gai)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)不(bu)成立(li)。也就(jiu)是有因行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的效果。

2、什么是無因行為

不以原(yuan)因為(wei)條件的(de)民事法(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)。即不論(lun)原(yuan)因是否欠缺、違法(fa)等(deng)，該行(xing)為(wei)自完成時起發生(sheng)效(xiao)力，不受(shou)原(yuan)因行(xing)為(wei)的(de)制約(yue)。

財產行(xing)(xing)為(wei)和身份行(xing)(xing)為(wei)

1、什么是財產行為

財產行為，又稱“財產上行為”。是指以意思表示為要件，旨在設立、變更或終止財產法律關系的民事法律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。大(da)陸(lu)法(fa)民法(fa)理(li)論上的概(gai)念(nian)。依(yi)其內容又可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)債權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)、物權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)和準物權行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)類。

2、什么是身份行為

身(shen)份(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，又稱“親屬行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)”。是指基(ji)于(yu)意(yi)思表示而(er)發生(sheng)身(shen)份(fen)關系(xi)變(bian)動效(xiao)果的(de)民(min)事法(fa)律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。如結婚行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)、離婚行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)、收養行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)。身(shen)份(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)同于(yu)一般(ban)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)特征在于(yu)：（1）其行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)容受(shou)到法(fa)律(lv)(lv)的(de)嚴格限制，不(bu)得違反法(fa)定親屬關系(xi)的(de)要求(qiu)；（2）其形式為(wei)(wei)(wei)要式行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，通常(chang)以登記手續為(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)成立要件。

處(chu)分行為與(yu)負(fu)擔行為

1、什么是處分行為

處(chu)(chu)分(fen)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)直接讓與權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)、變(bian)更(geng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)內容、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)負(fu)擔(dan)或廢(fei)止權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)之法(fa)律行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。處(chu)(chu)分(fen)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)與準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，系直接讓與物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、變(bian)更(geng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)內容、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性負(fu)擔(dan)及廢(fei)止物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之處(chu)(chu)分(fen)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，如讓與所有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、拋棄(qi)所有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)抵押權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)動產(chan)質(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（須(xu)注意(yi)，設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)質(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)系準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)）等(deng)；準(zhun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)系直接變(bian)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)以外之權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)的處(chu)(chu)分(fen)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，例如債權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)讓與，設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)質(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)。

2、什么是負擔行為

債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，“物權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)”的(de)(de)(de)對稱。是指通過意思(si)表示而發(fa)生債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)法上效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)民事(shi)法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。其基本形式為(wei)雙方法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，如債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)合同行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)；也(ye)包括某些(xie)單方法律行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，如委(wei)托授(shou)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。合法成立的(de)(de)(de)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)具有在特定(ding)當事(shi)人(ren)之間設立，變更或終(zhong)止相對關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)效力(li)。