一、天然紅寶石和合成紅寶石的區別是什么
紅寶石是指顏色呈紅色的剛玉,它是剛玉的一種,主要有天然紅寶石和人工合成的紅寶石兩種,天然紅寶石非常稀少,因此很珍(zhen)貴,但是人(ren)工紅(hong)寶(bao)石合成并不難(nan),主要有焰熔法(fa)、助(zhu)熔劑法(fa)、水熱(re)法(fa)三(san)種合成方法(fa),天然紅(hong)寶(bao)石與合成紅(hong)寶(bao)石的區(qu)別主要有:
1、生長紋及色帶不同
天然(ran)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)多具色(se)(se)帶及(ji)色(se)(se)點,色(se)(se)帶平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)長(chang)紋平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、呈六邊形;焰熔法合成(cheng)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)是(shi)弧形生(sheng)長(chang)紋,對小粒(li)寶(bao)石(shi)而言,近(jin)于(yu)平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);助熔劑法合成(cheng)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)具平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)(se)帶及(ji)生(sheng)長(chang)紋;水熱法合成(cheng)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)有六邊形生(sheng)長(chang)色(se)(se)帶。
2、熒光性不同
天(tian)然紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石因產地不同,熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)性有(you)所(suo)不同,一般呈淺-中(zhong)等(deng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色;焰熔法合(he)成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石短波(bo)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)外(wai)下呈強橙紅(hong)(hong)(hong)熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang);助(zhu)熔劑法合(he)成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石短波(bo)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)外(wai)下呈黃(huang)綠(lv)色熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)或中(zhong)-強紅(hong)(hong)(hong)熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang);水熱法合(he)成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石短波(bo)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)外(wai)下呈中(zhong)-強熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)。
3、包裹體不同
天然紅寶(bao)石(shi)有晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及氣液(ye)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、指(zhi)紋狀包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti);焰熔(rong)(rong)(rong)法合(he)(he)成紅寶(bao)石(shi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為氣泡殘留不熔(rong)(rong)(rong)物;助熔(rong)(rong)(rong)劑法合(he)(he)成紅寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是羽(yu)(yu)狀體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)劑小(xiao)滴、針狀包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)等;水熱法合(he)(he)成紅寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、氣液(ye)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、云(yun)羽(yu)(yu)狀包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。
二、天然紅寶石與人工紅寶石鑒別方法
天然紅寶石(shi)(shi)是各種(zhong)寶石(shi)(shi)當中(zhong)比較名貴的(de)一種(zhong),但一些不法商販可能使用人(ren)工合成的(de)紅寶石(shi)(shi)來冒充天然紅寶石(shi)(shi),消費(fei)者可以通過(guo)以下方法進行鑒別和(he)區分(fen):
1、看顏色
天然(ran)紅寶石雖然(ran)從整體(ti)上(shang)看是以紅色為(wei)主色調,但是顏色深淺交替,而且交接處十分自(zi)然(ran);人(ren)工合成的紅寶石顏色比較(jiao)單一,看不出(chu)深淺上(shang)的差異,也(ye)沒有層(ceng)次分明(ming)的感覺。
2、摸手感
天然(ran)紅寶石表(biao)面有一(yi)種冰潤、溫涼的(de)感(gan)覺,即使在夏季把天然(ran)紅寶石放在手心(xin)當中(zhong),也會感(gan)受到一(yi)種冰潤之感(gan);人工(gong)合成(cheng)的(de)紅寶石表(biao)面則有一(yi)種溫熱的(de)感(gan)覺,尤(you)其是夏季感(gan)覺更(geng)名(ming)i西安。
3、試硬度
天(tian)然(ran)紅(hong)寶石(shi)(shi)的(de)硬(ying)度比(bi)較高(gao),可達9.0左右,人工(gong)合(he)成的(de)紅(hong)寶石(shi)(shi)硬(ying)度遠遠達不(bu)到這一級別。可以通過用一些比(bi)較尖銳(rui)的(de)物(wu)體(ti)在寶石(shi)(shi)的(de)表面用力劃(hua)(hua)(hua)一下(xia)(xia),看表面是否會(hui)(hui)留下(xia)(xia)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)痕。天(tian)然(ran)紅(hong)寶石(shi)(shi)的(de)表面幾乎不(bu)會(hui)(hui)留下(xia)(xia)任何劃(hua)(hua)(hua)痕。而人工(gong)合(he)成的(de)紅(hong)寶石(shi)(shi)則容易出(chu)現劃(hua)(hua)(hua)痕。
4、看棱角
人造紅寶(bao)石的表面(mian)棱角十分鮮(xian)明,用手摸(mo)(mo)一(yi)(yi)下,會有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)硌手的感覺。而天然(ran)紅寶(bao)石的棱角則是自然(ran)形成(cheng)的,表面(mian)光滑(hua)。用手沿著(zhu)棱角的邊緣撫(fu)摸(mo)(mo)一(yi)(yi)下,會有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)順(shun)滑(hua)的感覺。
5、看內部
有些人工合成的紅寶石內部會有一些明顯的黑色斑點。而天然紅寶石內部可能(neng)會有自(zi)然(ran)(ran)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)銹(xiu)斑(ban),大多都是(shi)白色的(de)(de)銹(xiu)斑(ban)。另外,生(sheng)長(chang)紋方面,天然(ran)(ran)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)紋都是(shi)直(zhi)線,而且天然(ran)(ran)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)紋與寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)(de)晶面垂直(zhi)。與天然(ran)(ran)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)相(xiang)比(bi),人工合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)線比(bi)較彎曲,因(yin)為人工合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)線是(shi)倒梨型生(sheng)長(chang)狀態。