一、電容器跳閘的原因分析

電容器組采用常用的星型接線方式，三相共體外殼接于同一鐵框架，框架接地。電容器內部(bu)結(jie)構為(wei)(wei)多個(ge)元件并(bing)聯的(de)(de)四串結(jie)構，并(bing)設置內熔(rong)絲保護，檢修人員與廠家人員對(dui)損(sun)壞的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器進行(xing)解(jie)剖(pou)，發現受損(sun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)A、B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內熔(rong)絲均熔(rong)斷了兩(liang)根(gen)，外包封破裂，經過認真分析，認為(wei)(wei)一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷兩(liang)根(gen)后，造成(cheng)外包封損(sun)傷，在外包封受傷的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，長期運行(xing)發展成(cheng)對(dui)殼(ke)擊(ji)穿，并(bing)發展成(cheng)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地。由(you)于單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)地呈不穩(wen)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧接(jie)(jie)地，使(shi)(shi)健全相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)產生過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而另一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也有(you)兩(liang)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷，外包封受傷致使(shi)(shi)在過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)作用下(xia)發展成(cheng)對(dui)殼(ke)擊(ji)穿，由(you)此形成(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間短路(lu)，盡(jin)管保護可靠(kao)動作，但(dan)巨大的(de)(de)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生的(de)(de)熱效應，仍(reng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器造成(cheng)一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)的(de)(de)損(sun)傷，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器外殼(ke)嚴重變(bian)形。

另外由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)存在大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)負荷，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)諧(xie)波(bo)占有一(yi)定含(han)量。110kV張河變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站除(chu)擔(dan)任城郊居民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外，主要擔(dan)任工(gong)業(ye)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，除(chu)幾條10kV工(gong)業(ye)專線(xian)(xian)外，其他(ta)10kV線(xian)(xian)路上(shang)還有一(yi)些(xie)小型化工(gong)廠、鑄(zhu)造廠等(deng)工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)，這些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)都(dou)可(ke)能產(chan)生(sheng)諧(xie)波(bo)。盡(jin)管(guan)每(mei)戶(hu)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)很少，但(dan)可(ke)以匯集成(cheng)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)饋入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)水(shui)平升高，影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運(yun)行。由(you)于此變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無功補(bu)償裝置，配置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率為(wei)6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率雖然能對(dui)5次(ci)(ci)及以上(shang)諧(xie)波(bo)有抑制作用(yong)，但(dan)在3次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)下使串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)與補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)抗(kang)成(cheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)，出現(xian)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放大(da)現(xian)象(xiang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)過負荷。盡(jin)管(guan)母線(xian)(xian)上(shang)以5次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)為(wei)主，3次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)含(han)量不(bu)是(shi)很高，而(er)裝設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)后(hou)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)阻(zu)抗(kang)將原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)含(han)量放大(da)，可(ke)能造成(cheng)內(nei)熔(rong)絲(si)(si)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)。由(you)于總保護按四組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.3倍整定，而(er)4組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)全(quan)部投入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況極少。當某(mou)一(yi)段(duan)時間內(nei)諧(xie)波(bo)含(han)量偏(pian)高時，總過流(liu)(liu)保護不(bu)能動作，造成(cheng)某(mou)相內(nei)熔(rong)絲(si)(si)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)，而(er)內(nei)熔(rong)絲(si)(si)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)后(hou)不(bu)能被及時發現(xian)，導致事故擴大(da)，造成(cheng)速斷(duan)(duan)跳閘(zha)。

從保(bao)護配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)來看，電(dian)容器(qi)內(nei)部故障的(de)保(bao)護只設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)保(bao)護，而(er)并(bing)未設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)導致事故擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)后(hou)備(bei)保(bao)護——不(bu)平衡電(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護，使內(nei)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)熔(rong)(rong)斷后(hou)不(bu)能及時發現，造(zao)成速斷跳閘事故，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，保(bao)護配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)完(wan)善是造(zao)成電(dian)容器(qi)事故擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。

另外，不(bu)定期測(ce)(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量也是(shi)造成(cheng)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)擴大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因之一。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)裝置最直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量測(ce)(ce)(ce)量手段落后，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量時(shi)(shi)，需采用(yong)拆(chai)除連(lian)接線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量方(fang)法，不(bu)僅測(ce)(ce)(ce)量麻(ma)煩而(er)(er)且可能因拆(chai)裝連(lian)接線(xian)導(dao)致(zhi)套(tao)管受(shou)力(li)而(er)(er)發(fa)生套(tao)管漏油的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障。因此，自投入運行(xing)以來檢修人員(yuan)從未(wei)進行(xing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量測(ce)(ce)(ce)量，而(er)(er)又未(wei)設置反(fan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護，當內(nei)部(bu)(bu)個別內(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷時(shi)(shi)，無法及時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現，造成(cheng)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)擴大(da)。

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二、電容器的常見故障和處理

（一）滲（漏）油

問題：

對于電容器來說，滲(shen)漏油就如同家常便飯一(yi)般，造成的原因也是相當多方(fang)多面(mian)的，主(zhu)要有(you)以下幾(ji)點(dian)：

1、由于搬(ban)運方法(fa)不當，或提拿瓷套管(guan)致使其法(fa)蘭焊接處產生裂縫。

2、接線時，因擰螺絲用力(li)過(guo)大造成瓷(ci)套(tao)焊接處損傷。

3、產品制造(zao)過程中存在的一些缺(que)陷(xian)，均可能造(zao)成電(dian)容器出現滲、漏油現象。

4、電容器投(tou)入(ru)運行(xing)后，由于溫度變化劇烈，內(nei)部壓力增加則會使滲、漏(lou)油現(xian)象更加嚴重。

5、由(you)于運行(xing)(xing)維護不當，電(dian)容器長期運行(xing)(xing)缺乏維修導致(zhi)外殼漆層剝(bo)落，鐵皮銹(xiu)蝕，也(ye)是造成運行(xing)(xing)中電(dian)容器滲、漏油(you)的一(yi)個原因。

雖然比較(jiao)常(chang)見，但是可不能忽略哦，有時候一個小(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的毛病(bing)就容(rong)(rong)易造成大問題。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器滲、漏(lou)油(you)的后果是使浸漬(zi)劑減少，元件上部容(rong)(rong)易受(shou)潮并擊穿而使電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器損(sun)壞。所以，必須要(yao)進行(xing)及時的處理。

解決：

1、安裝電(dian)容器(qi)時，每臺(tai)電(dian)容器(qi)的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)最好采(cai)(cai)用單獨的軟線(xian)與母線(xian)相連，不要采(cai)(cai)用硬母線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)，以防止裝配應力(li)造成電(dian)容器(qi)套管損壞(huai)，破壞(huai)密封而引起漏(lou)油。

2、搬運電容器(qi)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)直立放置(zhi)，嚴禁搬拿套(tao)管；接線時(shi)(shi)，擰螺絲不能用力過大并要(yao)注意保護好套(tao)管。

3、電容(rong)器箱殼和套(tao)管(guan)焊(han)縫(feng)處滲(shen)油，可對滲(shen)、漏處進(jin)行除銹，然后用錫(xi)釬焊(han)料修(xiu)補，修(xiu)補套(tao)管(guan)焊(han)縫(feng)處時應注意烙鐵不能(neng)過(guo)熱以免銀層脫落，修(xiu)補后進(jin)行涂漆。滲(shen)、漏油嚴重的要更換電容(rong)器。

（二）電容器外殼變形

問題：

由于電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器內(nei)部介質在高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)場作用下發生游離(li)，使介質分解而(er)析出氣體，或者由于部分元件(jian)擊(ji)穿，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器電(dian)極對外殼(ke)接地放電(dian)等原因均(jun)會使介質析出氣體。密(mi)封的(de)外殼(ke)中這些氣體將引起內(nei)部壓(ya)力的(de)增加，因而(er)將引起外殼(ke)膨(peng)脹變形。所(suo)以，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器外殼(ke)變形，是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器發生故障或故障前(qian)的(de)征兆(zhao)。

解決：

經(jing)常對運行(xing)的(de)電容(rong)器組進行(xing)外(wai)觀檢查，如發現電容(rong)器外(wai)殼膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)變形(xing)應及時(shi)采取(qu)措施，膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)嚴(yan)重者（100Kvar以(yi)下每(mei)面膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)量應不(bu)(bu)大于10mm；100Kvar及以(yi)上每(mei)面膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)量就不(bu)(bu)大于20mm）應立即停(ting)止使用，并(bing)查明(ming)原因，更換(huan)電容(rong)器。外(wai)殼膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)重的(de)要采取(qu)通風措施，加強(qiang)運行(xing)檢查工(gong)作(zuo)。

（三）保護裝置動作

問題：

1、由(you)于(yu)電(dian)容(rong)器組(zu)三相電(dian)容(rong)量不(bu)平衡，造成三相電(dian)流不(bu)平衡，使(shi)電(dian)容(rong)器組(zu)保護裝置動作跳(tiao)開電(dian)容(rong)器組(zu)斷(duan)路器。

2、對(dui)于(yu)裝(zhuang)有熔(rong)斷器保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的電(dian)容器，因電(dian)容器內部異常(chang)、電(dian)容量變化、極對(dui)外(wai)殼接地、涌流(liu)過大和過電(dian)壓等情況，使熔(rong)斷器熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷。

3、運行操作不(bu)當，致使電(dian)容器運行電(dian)壓超過規定(ding)值(zhi)，使保護裝(zhuang)置動作跳開(kai)斷路器。

解決：

1、定(ding)期(qi)測量電(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)容(rong)值，電(dian)容(rong)值偏(pian)差不超過額定(ding)值的-5%～+10%范圍(wei)，電(dian)容(rong)值不應小于出廠值的95%。

2、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器組安裝(zhuang)之前，要(yao)分配(pei)一次電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，使其(qi)三相容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)平衡，其(qi)誤差不應超(chao)過一相總容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)5％；當裝(zhuang)有繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)還應滿足運行時(shi)平衡電(dian)(dian)流誤差不超(chao)過繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護動(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)要(yao)求；保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)作(zuo)后，應測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器極對外(wai)殼絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻不低(di)于2000MΩ。

3、為了限制涌流(liu)和(he)高次諧(xie)波(bo)的流(liu)入，電容器組應加裝串聯電抗(kang)器。

4、電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)應在(zai)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下使用，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)上電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過低，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)達不到額定出(chu)力(li)，長期過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運行使電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發熱(re)，加(jia)速(su)絕緣(yuan)老化，容易造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)損(sun)壞。根據規定，當電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)長期超過電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)10%時，應將電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)退出(chu)運行。

5、采用熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)作電容器(qi)保護時(shi)，熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)選擇要適(shi)當(dang)，一般熔(rong)體的(de)額(e)定電流(liu)不應大于電容器(qi)額(e)定電流(liu)的(de)1.3倍。

6、測量電容(rong)器極(ji)對外殼絕緣電阻(zu)應不低于2000MΩ。

（四）電容器瓷套表面閃絡放電

問題：

電(dian)容器在(zai)運(yun)行(xing)中，由于缺乏清(qing)掃和維護，其(qi)瓷(ci)(ci)絕緣表(biao)面(mian)臟(zang)污(wu)，臟(zang)污(wu)物吸附水分后(hou)，使瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)絕緣降(jiang)低，表(biao)面(mian)泄漏電(dian)流增大(da)，造成瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)閃(shan)絡放電(dian)。另外，電(dian)容器瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)臟(zang)污(wu)，在(zai)系統(tong)某種(zhong)過(guo)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)作用下(xia)，造成瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)閃(shan)絡放電(dian)。閃(shan)絡放電(dian)的(de)(de)結果，導致瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)瓷(ci)(ci)質損(sun)壞(huai)，可能造成瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)絕緣擊穿斷路器跳閘(zha)事故。

解決：

運行中的電容(rong)器組應(ying)定(ding)期檢查(cha)、清掃；按防(fang)污等(deng)級采取相應(ying)防(fang)污措施，在污穢嚴重(zhong)地區，電容(rong)器不宜安裝在室外(wai)。

（五）電容器爆炸

問題：

運行(xing)中電(dian)容(rong)器爆(bao)炸是一種(zhong)惡(e)性事故(gu)，一般在內部(bu)元件發生極間或對外殼絕緣擊穿時，與之并聯的(de)其(qi)他電(dian)容(rong)器將對該電(dian)容(rong)器釋(shi)放很大的(de)能量(liang)，可能會使電(dian)容(rong)器爆(bao)炸以致引起火(huo)災(zai)。其(qi)原因有：

1、電(dian)容器(qi)內部(bu)元件擊穿：主要是(shi)由于(yu)制造(zao)工藝不良所(suo)引起(qi)。

2、電(dian)容器外殼絕緣(yuan)的損(sun)壞：電(dian)容器高壓側引(yin)出線由薄銅(tong)片制成(cheng)，如果(guo)制造工藝不良，邊(bian)緣(yuan)不平有(you)毛刺(ci)或(huo)嚴(yan)重彎折(zhe)，其尖端容量產生(sheng)電(dian)暈，電(dian)暈會使(shi)油(you)分解、箱殼膨脹、油(you)面(mian)下降(jiang)而造成(cheng)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)。另(ling)外，在封蓋時轉角處燒焊時間過長，將內部絕緣(yuan)燒傷并產生(sheng)油(you)污和氣(qi)體使(shi)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓大(da)大(da)下降(jiang)而損(sun)壞。

3、密封不(bu)良和(he)漏油：由于裝配套(tao)管密封不(bu)良，潮氣進入內部，使(shi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻降(jiang)低；或因漏油使(shi)油面下降(jiang)，導致極對殼放(fang)電(dian)(dian)或元件擊(ji)穿。

4、鼓肚(du)和內部游離(li)：主要(yao)是由(you)(you)于內部產生(sheng)電(dian)暈、擊穿放電(dian)和嚴重游離(li)時(shi)，電(dian)容器在過電(dian)壓的作用下，會使元件(jian)起始游離(li)電(dian)壓降低到工作電(dian)場強度(du)之下，由(you)(you)此引起一系列物理、化學、電(dian)氣效應，使絕緣加速老化、分解(jie)，產生(sheng)氣體(ti)。形成惡(e)性循環，致使箱殼壓力增大，造成箱壁(bi)外鼓以致爆炸(zha)。

5、帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)閘(zha)引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)爆炸(zha)：任何額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組均禁止帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)閘(zha)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組每(mei)次重新(xin)合(he)(he)閘(zha)，必須在開關斷開的(de)情況(kuang)下將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后(hou)才能進行。否則合(he)(he)閘(zha)瞬(shun)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)極(ji)性(xing)可能與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)殘(can)留電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)極(ji)性(xing)相反而(er)引起(qi)爆炸(zha)。為此(ci)一般規(gui)定容(rong)量在160Kvar以上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組，應(ying)裝設無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時自動跳閘(zha)裝置，并規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組的(de)開關不允許裝設自動重合(he)(he)閘(zha)。

此外(wai)，還可(ke)能由于溫度過(guo)高(gao)、通風不良、運行電壓過(guo)高(gao)、電壓諧(xie)波分量(liang)過(guo)大或操(cao)作過(guo)電壓等而引起爆炸。

解決：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的投為(wei)了防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)生爆(bao)裂事故，除(chu)要(yao)求加(jia)強運行(xing)中的巡視檢查(cha)外(wai)，最主要(yao)的是(shi)安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的保護(hu)裝置(zhi)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)釀(niang)成爆(bao)裂事故前及時(shi)切(qie)除(chu)。在運行(xing)時(shi)，如發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)出“咕咕”聲，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部絕緣崩(beng)潰的先(xian)兆，因此應(ying)停止運行(xing)，查(cha)找故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)生爆(bao)裂后，應(ying)更(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

（六）端子安裝不牢

問題：

電(dian)(dian)容器接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)子(zi)安裝不牢，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)流通過導線(xian)時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)引(yin)起接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)阻增加，有時(shi)(shi)會發出“吱(zhi)吱(zhi)”的放電(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)，使端(duan)子(zi)發熱變形，并(bing)發出放電(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)，嚴重時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)端(duan)子(zi)燒(shao)紅熔化。

解決：

用(yong)紅外(wai)熱像(xiang)儀測量(liang)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)及器(qi)身溫度。如端(duan)子(zi)(zi)表面有過發(fa)熱氧化現象，應(ying)打磨端(duan)子(zi)(zi)接觸面，涂上導電脂后擰緊螺(luo)絲。如端(duan)子(zi)(zi)發(fa)熱嚴(yan)重(zhong)或(huo)熔化，應(ying)更換接線端(duan)。

（七）電容器溫度升高

問題：

主要(yao)原因是電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)時(shi)間過(guo)電壓運(yun)行、附近(jin)的整流(liu)裝置產(chan)生的高(gao)(gao)次(ci)諧波流(liu)入使電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)電流(liu)、電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)選擇不當、油量過(guo)少和通風(feng)條(tiao)件差等。另(ling)外，由于電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang)期運(yun)行后介質(zhi)老化，介質(zhi)損(sun)耗不斷增加都可能導致(zhi)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)溫升過(guo)高(gao)(gao)。電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)溫度(du)升高(gao)(gao)將影響電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的壽命并導致(zhi)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)擊穿而損(sun)壞。

解決：

運行中應嚴格監視和控制電容器室的環境溫度，為了便于監視運行中的環境溫度，應選擇散熱條件最差處（電容器高度的三分之二處）裝設溫度計，要使溫度計的裝設位置便于觀察。為了監視電容器的(de)外殼溫(wen)度，可在(zai)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器外殼上(shang)（銘牌(pai)附近）粘貼示(shi)溫(wen)蠟片。如室溫(wen)過高(gao)，應(ying)采(cai)取(qu)必要(yao)的(de)通風、降溫(wen)措施(shi)，如果(guo)采(cai)取(qu)措施(shi)后仍然不能滿足室溫(wen)控制在(zai)40℃以下(xia)的(de)要(yao)求時(shi)，應(ying)立即停(ting)止運行。如系電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器問題應(ying)更換電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。