一、電容器跳閘的原因分析

電容器組采用常用的星型接線方式，三相共體外殼接于同一鐵框架，框架接地。電容器內部結構(gou)為多個元件并聯的(de)(de)(de)四串(chuan)結構(gou)，并設(she)置內熔(rong)(rong)(rong)絲保(bao)護，檢修人員與廠家人員對(dui)損(sun)壞的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)進行(xing)解(jie)剖，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)受損(sun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)A、B相內熔(rong)(rong)(rong)絲均熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷了兩(liang)根，外(wai)(wai)包(bao)封破裂(lie)，經過(guo)認真(zhen)分析(xi)，認為一(yi)相熔(rong)(rong)(rong)絲熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷兩(liang)根后，造(zao)成(cheng)外(wai)(wai)包(bao)封損(sun)傷(shang)，在(zai)外(wai)(wai)包(bao)封受傷(shang)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，長期運行(xing)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)對(dui)殼(ke)(ke)擊(ji)穿(chuan)，并發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)單(dan)相接地(di)(di)。由于單(dan)相接地(di)(di)呈不穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧接地(di)(di)，使(shi)健全相產生過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而另(ling)一(yi)相也有兩(liang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)絲熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷，外(wai)(wai)包(bao)封受傷(shang)致使(shi)在(zai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)用下發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)對(dui)殼(ke)(ke)擊(ji)穿(chuan)，由此形成(cheng)相間短路，盡管(guan)保(bao)護可靠動(dong)作(zuo)，但巨大的(de)(de)(de)短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生的(de)(de)(de)熱效應，仍對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)造(zao)成(cheng)一(yi)定(ding)程度的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷(shang)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)嚴重變形。

另外(wai)由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中存在大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非線(xian)性負荷，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)占有一定含(han)量(liang)(liang)。110kV張河變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)除擔任城郊(jiao)居民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)，主要擔任工(gong)業(ye)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，除幾條(tiao)10kV工(gong)業(ye)專線(xian)外(wai)，其他10kV線(xian)路上還有一些小型化(hua)工(gong)廠、鑄造廠等工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)戶，這些用(yong)戶都(dou)可能產生(sheng)(sheng)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)。盡(jin)管每戶產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)很少，但可以(yi)匯(hui)集成(cheng)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)饋入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)水平升高，影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運行(xing)。由(you)于此(ci)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無功補償(chang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，配(pei)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率為(wei)6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率雖然能對5次及以(yi)上諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)有抑制作用(yong)，但在3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)下使串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)與補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻抗(kang)成(cheng)容(rong)(rong)性，出現(xian)(xian)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放大(da)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)過(guo)負荷。盡(jin)管母線(xian)上以(yi)5次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)為(wei)主，3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)是很高，而(er)裝(zhuang)設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)后，容(rong)(rong)性阻抗(kang)將(jiang)原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)(liang)放大(da)，可能造成(cheng)內(nei)(nei)熔絲(si)(si)熔斷。由(you)于總保護(hu)按四組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.3倍整定，而(er)4組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)全部(bu)投入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況極(ji)少。當某一段時(shi)間內(nei)(nei)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)(liang)偏高時(shi)，總過(guo)流(liu)保護(hu)不(bu)能動作，造成(cheng)某相(xiang)內(nei)(nei)熔絲(si)(si)熔斷，而(er)內(nei)(nei)熔絲(si)(si)熔斷后不(bu)能被及時(shi)發現(xian)(xian)，導致事故擴(kuo)大(da)，造成(cheng)速斷跳閘(zha)。

從(cong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護配置(zhi)來看，電容器內部故(gu)障的保(bao)(bao)(bao)護只設置(zhi)內熔(rong)絲保(bao)(bao)(bao)護，而并未設置(zhi)導致事(shi)故(gu)擴大(da)的后(hou)備(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護——不(bu)平衡電壓保(bao)(bao)(bao)護，使內熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷后(hou)不(bu)能(neng)及時發(fa)現，造成速斷跳(tiao)閘事(shi)故(gu)，因(yin)此，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護配置(zhi)不(bu)完善是造成電容器事(shi)故(gu)擴大(da)的主要(yao)原因(yin)。

另(ling)外，不定期測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)也是(shi)(shi)造(zao)成事(shi)故(gu)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因之一。由于(yu)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器內(nei)部(bu)裝置最直接的(de)(de)反(fan)應是(shi)(shi)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)變化，而(er)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)手段落后，進行電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，需(xu)采用拆(chai)除連接線的(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法，不僅測(ce)量(liang)(liang)麻(ma)煩而(er)且可能因拆(chai)裝連接線導致套(tao)管受力而(er)發生套(tao)管漏油(you)的(de)(de)故(gu)障。因此，自(zi)投入運行以(yi)來檢修人(ren)員從未進行過電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)，而(er)又未設(she)置反(fan)應電容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器內(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障的(de)(de)保護，當內(nei)部(bu)個(ge)別內(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷時(shi)，無(wu)法及時(shi)發現，造(zao)成事(shi)故(gu)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)。

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二、電容器的常見故障和處理

（一）滲（漏）油

問題：

對于電容器來說，滲漏油(you)就如同家常便飯一般(ban)，造成的原因也是相當多(duo)方多(duo)面的，主(zhu)要有以下(xia)幾點(dian)：

1、由于搬運(yun)方法(fa)不當，或提拿瓷套管致使其法(fa)蘭焊接處產(chan)生裂(lie)縫。

2、接(jie)線時，因(yin)擰螺絲用(yong)力過大造成瓷(ci)套焊接(jie)處損傷。

3、產(chan)品(pin)制造過程中存(cun)在的一些缺陷，均(jun)可能造成電容器出(chu)現滲、漏油(you)現象(xiang)。

4、電容器投入運行后，由于溫度變化劇烈，內(nei)部壓力增加則會使滲、漏油現象更加嚴重(zhong)。

5、由(you)于運(yun)行(xing)維護不當(dang)，電容器(qi)長(chang)期(qi)運(yun)行(xing)缺乏維修導致外殼(ke)漆層(ceng)剝落，鐵皮銹蝕(shi)，也是造成運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)電容器(qi)滲、漏油的一個原因。

雖(sui)然比(bi)較(jiao)常(chang)見，但是(shi)(shi)可不能忽略哦，有(you)時候一個小小的(de)毛病就容易造成大問題。電(dian)容器滲(shen)、漏(lou)油的(de)后果(guo)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)浸漬(zi)劑減少，元件上部(bu)容易受潮并(bing)擊穿而使(shi)電(dian)容器損壞(huai)。所以，必須要進行及時的(de)處(chu)理(li)。

解決：

1、安(an)裝電(dian)容器時，每臺(tai)電(dian)容器的(de)接(jie)線(xian)最好采(cai)用單獨的(de)軟線(xian)與母(mu)(mu)線(xian)相連，不要采(cai)用硬母(mu)(mu)線(xian)連接(jie)，以防(fang)止(zhi)裝配應(ying)力造成(cheng)電(dian)容器套管損壞，破壞密封而(er)引(yin)起漏油。

2、搬(ban)運電容器時(shi)應直立放(fang)置，嚴禁搬(ban)拿套管(guan)；接線時(shi)，擰螺(luo)絲(si)不能用力過大并要注意保護好套管(guan)。

3、電容器箱(xiang)殼和套管焊(han)縫處(chu)滲油，可對滲、漏(lou)處(chu)進(jin)行除銹，然后(hou)用(yong)錫釬焊(han)料修補，修補套管焊(han)縫處(chu)時應注意烙(luo)鐵(tie)不能過(guo)熱以(yi)免銀層(ceng)脫落，修補后(hou)進(jin)行涂(tu)漆。滲、漏(lou)油嚴重的要(yao)更換電容器。

（二）電容器外殼變形

問題：

由于電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部(bu)介質(zhi)在高壓(ya)電(dian)場作(zuo)用下發生(sheng)游離，使介質(zhi)分解而析(xi)(xi)出氣體，或者由于部(bu)分元件擊穿，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)極對(dui)外殼(ke)接地(di)放電(dian)等原因均會使介質(zhi)析(xi)(xi)出氣體。密(mi)封的(de)外殼(ke)中這些(xie)氣體將(jiang)引(yin)起(qi)內部(bu)壓(ya)力的(de)增(zeng)加，因而將(jiang)引(yin)起(qi)外殼(ke)膨脹變形。所以，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)外殼(ke)變形，是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)發生(sheng)故(gu)障或故(gu)障前的(de)征兆。

解決：

經常對運行(xing)的電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組進行(xing)外(wai)觀檢查，如發現電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)殼膨(peng)(peng)脹變形應及時采取措施，膨(peng)(peng)脹嚴重者(zhe)（100Kvar以(yi)下每(mei)面(mian)膨(peng)(peng)脹量應不(bu)大于10mm；100Kvar及以(yi)上每(mei)面(mian)膨(peng)(peng)脹量就(jiu)不(bu)大于20mm）應立即停止使用(yong)，并查明原因，更(geng)換電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)。外(wai)殼膨(peng)(peng)脹不(bu)嚴重的要采取通風措施，加(jia)強(qiang)運行(xing)檢查工作(zuo)。

（三）保護裝置動作

問題：

1、由于電容器(qi)組三(san)相(xiang)電容量(liang)不(bu)平衡，造成三(san)相(xiang)電流(liu)不(bu)平衡，使電容器(qi)組保護裝置動作跳開電容器(qi)組斷路器(qi)。

2、對(dui)于裝有熔(rong)斷器(qi)保護裝置的電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)，因電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部異常、電容(rong)(rong)(rong)量變化、極對(dui)外殼接地、涌流(liu)過大和過電壓等情況，使熔(rong)斷器(qi)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷。

3、運行(xing)操作(zuo)不(bu)當，致使電容器運行(xing)電壓超過規定(ding)值，使保護裝置動作(zuo)跳開斷路器。

解決：

1、定期測量電容(rong)器電容(rong)值(zhi)(zhi)，電容(rong)值(zhi)(zhi)偏差不超過額定值(zhi)(zhi)的-5%～+10%范圍，電容(rong)值(zhi)(zhi)不應小于出(chu)廠值(zhi)(zhi)的95%。

2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)之前，要(yao)(yao)分配一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量，使其三相容(rong)量平衡，其誤(wu)差(cha)不(bu)應超過(guo)一相總容(rong)量的5％；當裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)時(shi)還應滿足運行時(shi)平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)流誤(wu)差(cha)不(bu)超過(guo)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的要(yao)(yao)求；保護(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)動作后(hou)，應測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器極對外(wai)殼絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻不(bu)低(di)于2000MΩ。

3、為了限制涌流(liu)和(he)高次諧波(bo)的(de)流(liu)入，電容器組應加(jia)裝串聯(lian)電抗(kang)器。

4、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)應在額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下使用，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)網上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)達不到額(e)(e)定出力(li)，長(chang)期過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓運行使電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)發熱，加速(su)絕緣老(lao)化，容(rong)易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)損壞。根據規定，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓長(chang)期超過電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10%時，應將電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)退出運行。

5、采用熔(rong)斷器(qi)作電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)保(bao)護時，熔(rong)斷器(qi)的選(xuan)擇(ze)要適當，一(yi)般熔(rong)體的額定電(dian)流不應大于電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)額定電(dian)流的1.3倍。

6、測量電容器(qi)極對(dui)外殼絕緣電阻應不低(di)于2000MΩ。

（四）電容器瓷套表面閃絡放電

問題：

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器在(zai)運行中，由于(yu)缺乏清掃和維護，其瓷(ci)(ci)絕緣表(biao)(biao)面(mian)臟(zang)污，臟(zang)污物吸(xi)附水(shui)分后，使(shi)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)絕緣降低，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)泄漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增大(da)，造(zao)成瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)閃(shan)絡(luo)放電(dian)(dian)。另外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)臟(zang)污，在(zai)系統某種過電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)作用下，造(zao)成瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)閃(shan)絡(luo)放電(dian)(dian)。閃(shan)絡(luo)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)，導致瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)瓷(ci)(ci)質損壞，可能造(zao)成瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)絕緣擊(ji)穿斷路器跳閘(zha)事故(gu)。

解決：

運(yun)行中的電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組應定期檢查(cha)、清掃；按防(fang)污等級采(cai)取相(xiang)應防(fang)污措(cuo)施，在(zai)污穢(hui)嚴重地區，電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)不宜(yi)安裝在(zai)室外。

（五）電容器爆炸

問題：

運行(xing)中電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器爆(bao)炸是一(yi)(yi)種惡性事故，一(yi)(yi)般在內部元件發生極間或對(dui)外(wai)殼絕緣(yuan)擊穿時，與之并聯的其他電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器將對(dui)該電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器釋放(fang)很(hen)大的能量(liang)，可能會使電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器爆(bao)炸以致(zhi)引起火災(zai)。其原因有：

1、電容器內部元件(jian)擊穿(chuan)：主要是由(you)于(yu)制造工藝不良所引起。

2、電容(rong)器(qi)外(wai)殼絕緣的損壞(huai)：電容(rong)器(qi)高壓(ya)側引出線由薄(bo)銅(tong)片制成，如果制造工藝不(bu)良，邊緣不(bu)平有毛刺或嚴重彎折，其尖端(duan)容(rong)量產生電暈(yun)，電暈(yun)會使(shi)油分解、箱(xiang)殼膨(peng)脹、油面下降(jiang)而造成擊(ji)穿(chuan)。另外(wai)，在封蓋時轉(zhuan)角處燒焊時間過長，將(jiang)內部絕緣燒傷并產生油污(wu)和(he)氣(qi)體使(shi)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)大(da)大(da)下降(jiang)而損壞(huai)。

3、密(mi)封(feng)不良(liang)和(he)漏油(you)：由(you)于(yu)裝配套管密(mi)封(feng)不良(liang)，潮氣進入內部，使(shi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻降低；或因(yin)漏油(you)使(shi)油(you)面(mian)下(xia)降，導致極對殼放(fang)電(dian)(dian)或元件擊穿。

4、鼓(gu)肚和內部(bu)游離(li)(li)：主要是由于(yu)內部(bu)產生(sheng)(sheng)電暈、擊穿放(fang)電和嚴(yan)重游離(li)(li)時(shi)，電容器在過電壓的作用下(xia)，會使元件起始游離(li)(li)電壓降低到工作電場強度之下(xia)，由此引起一系列物(wu)理(li)、化(hua)學、電氣效應，使絕緣加速老化(hua)、分解，產生(sheng)(sheng)氣體(ti)。形成惡性循(xun)環，致(zhi)使箱殼壓力增大(da)，造成箱壁外鼓(gu)以致(zhi)爆炸。

5、帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)閘引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)爆炸：任何額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)均禁止帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)閘。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)每次重(zhong)新合(he)閘，必須在開關斷開的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后才(cai)能進行。否則合(he)閘瞬間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)極(ji)性(xing)可能與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)上殘(can)留電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)極(ji)性(xing)相(xiang)反而(er)引(yin)起(qi)爆炸。為(wei)此一般(ban)規定(ding)容量(liang)在160Kvar以上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)，應裝(zhuang)設無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時自動(dong)跳(tiao)閘裝(zhuang)置，并(bing)規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)開關不(bu)允許(xu)裝(zhuang)設自動(dong)重(zhong)合(he)閘。

此外(wai)，還可(ke)能由(you)于溫度過(guo)(guo)高(gao)、通風不良、運行電(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)(guo)高(gao)、電(dian)(dian)壓諧波分量過(guo)(guo)大或操作過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)爆炸。

解決：

電容(rong)器(qi)的投為了防止電容(rong)器(qi)發生爆(bao)裂事故，除要求加強運行(xing)中的巡視檢查外(wai)，最主要的是安(an)裝電容(rong)器(qi)的保護裝置(zhi)，將電容(rong)器(qi)釀成爆(bao)裂事故前及時切除。在(zai)運行(xing)時，如(ru)發現電容(rong)器(qi)發出“咕(gu)咕(gu)”聲(sheng)，是電容(rong)器(qi)內部絕緣崩潰的先兆，因此應停(ting)止運行(xing)，查找(zhao)故障電容(rong)器(qi)。電容(rong)器(qi)發生爆(bao)裂后(hou)，應更換電容(rong)器(qi)。

（六）端子安裝不牢

問題：

電(dian)容器接線(xian)端(duan)子安裝不牢(lao)，在電(dian)流通過(guo)導線(xian)時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)引(yin)起接觸電(dian)阻增加，有時(shi)(shi)會(hui)發出“吱吱”的(de)放電(dian)聲，使(shi)端(duan)子發熱變形，并發出放電(dian)聲，嚴重時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)端(duan)子燒紅熔化。

解決：

用紅(hong)外熱像儀(yi)測量端(duan)子(zi)(zi)及(ji)器(qi)身(shen)溫度。如端(duan)子(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)有過發熱氧化現象，應打磨端(duan)子(zi)(zi)接觸面(mian)，涂上(shang)導電脂后擰緊螺絲。如端(duan)子(zi)(zi)發熱嚴重(zhong)或熔化，應更換接線端(duan)。

（七）電容器溫度升高

問題：

主要原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)長時間過電(dian)(dian)壓運行、附近(jin)的整流(liu)裝置產生的高(gao)次(ci)諧波(bo)流(liu)入(ru)使電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)選擇不當、油量過少和通(tong)風條(tiao)件差等。另外，由于電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)長期(qi)運行后(hou)介質(zhi)老(lao)化(hua)，介質(zhi)損耗不斷增(zeng)加都可能導致電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)溫升過高(gao)。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)溫度升高(gao)將影響電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的壽(shou)命并導致電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)絕緣擊(ji)穿而損壞(huai)。

解決：

運行中應嚴格監視和控制電容器室的環境溫度，為了便于監視運行中的環境溫度，應選擇散熱條件最差處（電容器高度的三分之二處）裝設溫度計，要使溫度計的裝設位置便于觀察。為了監視電容器的外(wai)殼溫度(du)，可在電容(rong)(rong)器外(wai)殼上（銘牌附(fu)近）粘貼示溫蠟(la)片。如室溫過高(gao)，應采(cai)取(qu)必要的通風(feng)、降(jiang)溫措施，如果采(cai)取(qu)措施后仍然不能滿足(zu)室溫控制在40℃以(yi)下的要求時(shi)，應立(li)即停止運行(xing)。如系電容(rong)(rong)器問題應更(geng)換電容(rong)(rong)器。