一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指出線瓷套管、電容(rong)元件組和(he)外殼等(deng)組成(cheng)的(de)一類電容(rong)器(qi)。高壓電容(rong)器(qi)具有耗損低、質量輕的(de)特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)主要由出線瓷(ci)套(tao)管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件組和外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)由薄鋼板(ban)密封焊接(jie)而成(cheng)(cheng)，出線瓷(ci)套(tao)管焊接(jie)在(zai)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)上(shang)。接(jie)線端子(zi)從出線瓷(ci)套(tao)管中引出。外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)內的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件組（又稱為芯子(zi)）由若(ruo)干(gan)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件連(lian)接(jie)而成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)紙(zhi)、膜紙(zhi)復合或純薄膜作為工作介質，用(yong)鋁鉑作極板(ban)卷制(zhi)而成(cheng)(cheng)的。為適(shi)應各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)耐壓(ya)的要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件可串(chuan)聯或并聯。單(dan)臺三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元件組在(zai)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)內部(bu)接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)三角形。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為10kV及以(yi)下的高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)內，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件上(shang)都串(chuan)有(you)一個熔絲，作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的內部(bu)短路保護。有(you)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)設(she)有(you)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷(duan)開后(hou)，能夠(gou)通過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般情(qing)況下10min后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)殘(can)壓(ya)可降至75V以(yi)下。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)具(ju)有耗損低(di)、質量輕的特點(dian)，主要作用有：

1、在輸(shu)電(dian)線路(lu)中，利用(yong)高壓電(dian)容器可(ke)以組(zu)成串補站(zhan)，提高輸(shu)電(dian)線路(lu)的輸(shu)送能(neng)力(li)。

2、在大型(xing)變電站中(zhong)，利(li)用高壓(ya)電容器可以(yi)組(zu)成(cheng)靜止型(xing)相控電抗器式動(dong)態無功補償裝置（SVC），提高電能質量。

3、在配電(dian)線路末(mo)端(duan)，利(li)用高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容器可以提高(gao)線路末(mo)端(duan)的(de)功率因(yin)數，保障線路末(mo)端(duan)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)質量。

4、在變(bian)電站的(de)中、低壓各段母線，均裝(zhuang)有(you)高(gao)壓電容器，以(yi)補(bu)償負(fu)荷消(xiao)耗的(de)無功(gong)，提高(gao)母線側的(de)功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數。

5、在(zai)有(you)非線性(xing)負荷(he)的(de)負荷(he)終端站(zhan)，也會裝設(she)高壓電容器，作為濾波用(yong)。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電(dian)容器應有標出基本(ben)參數(shu)等(deng)內容的制造廠銘牌。

2、電容(rong)器(qi)金屬(shu)外殼應有明(ming)顯接地標志，其外殼應與(yu)金屬(shu)架構共(gong)同接地。

3、電容器周圍(wei)環境無易燃、易爆危險，無劇烈沖擊和震動。

4、電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)應有溫度測(ce)量設備，可在適當部位(wei)安(an)裝(zhuang)溫度計或貼示溫蠟片。一般(ban)情況下(xia)，環境(jing)溫度在+40℃之問時，充礦物油的電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)允許溫升為50℃，充硅油的電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)允許溫升為55℃。

5、電容器應有合格的放電設備(bei)。

6、允許(xu)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)：電(dian)容器組在日常運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可在1.1倍額定電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)長期運行(xing)。對于瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間較短(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間限定過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)倍數(shu)。

7、允許(xu)過電流：電容器組(zu)允許(xu)在1.3倍額定(ding)電流下長期(qi)運(yun)行。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)，再拉開(kai)其他各支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)；恢復全變電(dian)所送電(dian)時的(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)順序(xu)與(yu)停(ting)電(dian)操(cao)作(zuo)相反，應先(xian)(xian)閉合(he)各支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)，最后(hou)閉合(he)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)。事故情況下，全站無電(dian)后(hou)，必須將高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)支(zhi)路(lu)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)。

2、并聯電容器組斷路器跳閘后不(bu)準強送電。熔體(ti)熔斷后，在未查明原因之前，不(bu)可更(geng)換熔體(ti)后恢復送電。

3、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)禁止在自身帶電(dian)(dian)荷時(shi)合(he)閘(zha)(zha)。如果電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本身有存儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)荷，將它(ta)接入交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩端所承(cheng)受的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就會超過(guo)(guo)其額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。如果電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)剛斷電(dian)(dian)又合(he)閘(zha)(zha)，因(yin)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本身有存儲(chu)的電(dian)(dian)荷，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所承(cheng)受的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可能達到兩倍以上(shang)的額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)峰值，這不僅有害于電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，更可能燒斷熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)或使斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)跳閘(zha)(zha)，以防產生過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組再次合(he)閘(zha)(zha)，應(ying)在其斷電(dian)(dian)3min后進行。