一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指出線瓷套管、電(dian)容(rong)(rong)元件組(zu)和外殼等組(zu)成的一類電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。高壓電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器具有耗損低、質量(liang)輕的特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)由出(chu)線(xian)瓷(ci)套(tao)(tao)管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)和外(wai)殼(ke)等組(zu)成。外(wai)殼(ke)由薄(bo)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)密封焊接(jie)而(er)成，出(chu)線(xian)瓷(ci)套(tao)(tao)管焊接(jie)在外(wai)殼(ke)上。接(jie)線(xian)端子從出(chu)線(xian)瓷(ci)套(tao)(tao)管中引(yin)出(chu)。外(wai)殼(ke)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)（又稱為(wei)芯子）由若干個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)連接(jie)而(er)成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)紙、膜(mo)紙復(fu)合或純(chun)薄(bo)膜(mo)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)(zuo)介質，用(yong)鋁(lv)鉑作(zuo)(zuo)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)卷制(zhi)而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。為(wei)適應(ying)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)耐壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可串(chuan)聯(lian)或并聯(lian)。單臺(tai)三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客(ke)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)在外(wai)殼(ke)內(nei)部接(jie)成三角形。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)10kV及以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上都串(chuan)有一個熔(rong)絲，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部短路保護。有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷開(kai)后，能夠(gou)通過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般(ban)情況下10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)殘(can)壓可降至75V以下。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電容器具(ju)有(you)耗損低、質量(liang)輕的特(te)點，主(zhu)要(yao)作用有(you)：

1、在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)電線路(lu)中，利(li)用高(gao)壓電容器可(ke)以組成串補站，提高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)電線路(lu)的輸(shu)(shu)送能(neng)力。

2、在大(da)型變電(dian)站中(zhong)，利用(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)容器可以組(zu)成靜止型相控電(dian)抗器式動態無功(gong)補償裝置（SVC），提高(gao)(gao)電(dian)能質量。

3、在配(pei)電線路(lu)末端，利用高壓(ya)電容器可以提高線路(lu)末端的功率因數，保障(zhang)線路(lu)末端的電壓(ya)質量(liang)。

4、在變(bian)電站的(de)(de)中、低壓各段母線，均裝(zhuang)有高壓電容器(qi)，以補償負(fu)荷(he)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)無功，提高母線側的(de)(de)功率因數。

5、在有非線(xian)性負荷的(de)負荷終端站，也會裝設高壓(ya)電容(rong)器，作為濾波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容器應有標出(chu)基本參數等(deng)內容的(de)制造廠銘牌。

2、電容(rong)器(qi)金屬(shu)外(wai)殼應有(you)明顯接地標志(zhi)，其外(wai)殼應與金屬(shu)架構(gou)共同接地。

3、電容器周(zhou)圍環境無易燃、易爆(bao)危(wei)險，無劇烈沖擊和(he)震(zhen)動。

4、電容器(qi)應(ying)有溫(wen)度(du)測(ce)量(liang)設備，可在(zai)適(shi)當(dang)部位(wei)安裝(zhuang)溫(wen)度(du)計或貼示溫(wen)蠟(la)片。一般(ban)情況下，環境溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)+40℃之問時，充礦物(wu)油的電容器(qi)允(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升為50℃，充硅(gui)油的電容器(qi)允(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升為55℃。

5、電(dian)容器應(ying)有合格的放電(dian)設(she)備。

6、允(yun)許過電(dian)壓(ya)：電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組在(zai)日常運行時，可在(zai)1.1倍額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)下長期運行。對于瞬時過電(dian)壓(ya)，時間(jian)較(jiao)短時根據過電(dian)壓(ya)時間(jian)限定(ding)過電(dian)壓(ya)倍數。

7、允許(xu)過電流(liu)：電容器組允許(xu)在(zai)1.3倍額定電流(liu)下(xia)長期運行。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，再拉開(kai)其(qi)他各(ge)支路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；恢復全(quan)(quan)變電(dian)所送電(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)順序與停電(dian)操作(zuo)相(xiang)反，應先閉(bi)合各(ge)支路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，最(zui)后(hou)閉(bi)合高壓電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。事故情況下，全(quan)(quan)站無(wu)電(dian)后(hou)，必須將(jiang)高壓電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)支路(lu)(lu)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)。

2、并聯(lian)電容器組斷(duan)路器跳(tiao)閘(zha)后不(bu)準(zhun)強送電。熔體熔斷(duan)后，在(zai)未查(cha)明原(yuan)因之前(qian)，不(bu)可更換熔體后恢(hui)復送電。

3、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)禁(jin)止在自身(shen)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)時合(he)(he)閘(zha)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)本身(shen)有(you)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，將它接入交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)兩端所承受的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)會超過(guo)其額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)剛斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又合(he)(he)閘(zha)，因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)本身(shen)有(you)存儲的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)所承受的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可能達到兩倍(bei)以(yi)上的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)峰值，這不僅有(you)害于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)，更可能燒斷(duan)(duan)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)或(huo)使(shi)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)跳閘(zha)，以(yi)防(fang)產生(sheng)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)組再次合(he)(he)閘(zha)，應在其斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行。