連帶清償責任是什么
連帶清(qing)償(chang)責任是(shi)指數(shu)人債務(wu)者承擔共(gong)同(tong)清(qing)償(chang)債務(wu)的法律責任,也就(jiu)說數(shu)人負(fu)同(tong)一債務(wu),明示對于債權人各負(fu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部給(gei)付之(zhi)責任。債權人有權要求(qiu)任何一個債務(wu)人還(huan)錢。連帶債務(wu)之(zhi)債權人,得(de)對于債務(wu)人中之(zhi)一人或(huo)(huo)數(shu)人或(huo)(huo)其全(quan)(quan)(quan)體,同(tong)時(shi)或(huo)(huo)先後請(qing)求(qiu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部或(huo)(huo)一部之(zhi)給(gei)付。連帶債務(wu)未全(quan)(quan)(quan)部履行前,全(quan)(quan)(quan)體債務(wu)人仍負(fu)連帶責任。
根據《擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法》的有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)是指(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)約定(ding)(ding)(ding),當債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)時,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)按照約定(ding)(ding)(ding)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)或者承擔(dan)責(ze)(ze)任的行(xing)(xing)為。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)的方式有(you)(you)一(yi)般保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)和(he)連(lian)帶(dai)責(ze)(ze)任保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)。當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)合同(tong)中約定(ding)(ding)(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)承擔(dan)連(lian)帶(dai)責(ze)(ze)任的,為連(lian)帶(dai)責(ze)(ze)任保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)。連(lian)帶(dai)責(ze)(ze)任保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)的債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)主合同(tong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)期屆(jie)滿沒(mei)有(you)(you)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的,債(zhai)(zhai)權(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)可以(yi)要(yao)求債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),也(ye)可以(yi)要(yao)求保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)其保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)范圍內承擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)責(ze)(ze)任。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)承擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)責(ze)(ze)任后,有(you)(you)權(quan)向債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)追(zhui)償。此(ci)外(wai),《民法通則》第(di)89條(tiao)、《經濟(ji)合同(tong)法》第(di)15條(tiao)以(yi)及有(you)(you)關(guan)司法解釋對(dui)因保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)而承擔(dan)連(lian)帶(dai)責(ze)(ze)任也(ye)作了明確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。
連帶責任擔保債權清償順序
《最高人(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)適用(yong)(yong)<中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)(gong)和國擔保(bao)法(fa)>若(ruo)干問題(ti)的(de)解(jie)釋(shi)》第二十條規定(ding),“連(lian)(lian)帶共(gong)(gong)同保(bao)證(zheng)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)承擔保(bao)證(zheng)責(ze)任后(hou),向債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)不能追償(chang)(chang)的(de)部分(fen),由(you)各連(lian)(lian)帶保(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)按其(qi)(qi)內(nei)部約定(ding)的(de)比例分(fen)擔。沒有(you)約定(ding)的(de),平均分(fen)擔”。由(you)此可見(jian),在連(lian)(lian)帶共(gong)(gong)同保(bao)證(zheng)中(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)一個(ge)連(lian)(lian)帶保(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)先(xian)(xian)行向債(zhai)權人(ren)清償(chang)(chang)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de),其(qi)(qi)享有(you)向其(qi)(qi)他(ta)責(ze)任人(ren)追償(chang)(chang)的(de)權利(li),但應首(shou)先(xian)(xian)向主債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)追償(chang)(chang),如主債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)清償(chang)(chang)不能的(de),再由(you)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)連(lian)(lian)帶保(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)在前者不能清償(chang)(chang)的(de)范圍(wei)內(nei)償(chang)(chang)付。《最高人(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)適用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)(gong)和國擔保(bao)法(fa)若(ruo)干問題(ti)的(de)解(jie)釋(shi)理解(jie)與適用(yong)(yong)》作為法(fa)官審判業務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)重要參考文獻(xian),也闡(chan)明(ming)了這一先(xian)(xian)后(hou)順序(xu)。
但是(shi)追償(chang)順序(xu)有先后(hou)并不代表訴(su)訟需要(yao)(yao)分開進行(xing)。在(zai)實(shi)際糾紛中(zhong),已經(jing)清(qing)償(chang)債(zhai)務的連(lian)(lian)帶(dai)保(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)可(ke)以同(tong)時起(qi)(qi)訴(su)主債(zhai)務人(ren)(ren)和(he)其他連(lian)(lian)帶(dai)保(bao)證(zheng)人(ren)(ren),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)兩者分別(bie)承(cheng)擔(dan)全(quan)部清(qing)償(chang)責(ze)任和(he)補(bu)充清(qing)償(chang)責(ze)任,在(zai)執(zhi)行(xing)程序(xu)中(zhong)先以主債(zhai)務人(ren)(ren)的財產(chan)受償(chang);也(ye)可(ke)以先起(qi)(qi)訴(su)債(zhai)務人(ren)(ren),在(zai)對其財產(chan)執(zhi)行(xing)完畢后(hou)再(zai)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)連(lian)(lian)帶(dai)保(bao)證(zheng)責(ze)任人(ren)(ren)。
但是,后一種做法不可避免的會涉及到訴訟時效的問題,即對主債務人起訴是否會對其他連帶保證人發生訴訟時效中斷的效果。《最高人民法院關于民事案件訴訟時效若干問題的解釋》第十七條只規定了連帶之債中訴訟時效中斷事由的涉他性,而連帶保證人先行清償后,主債務人和其他連帶保證人之間并非連帶責任關系,而是補充責任關系,因此其中一方訴訟時效中斷的事由是否具有涉他性沒有明確的法律依據。
夫妻共同債務離婚時是否具有連帶清償責任
1、連(lian)(lian)帶(dai)責任(ren)是指兩個或(huo)兩個以上的(de)(de)債(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)分別就共同債(zhai)務(wu)對債(zhai)權人(ren)承擔(dan)全部清償的(de)(de)責任(ren)。連(lian)(lian)帶(dai)責任(ren)制度(du)是與債(zhai)務(wu)人(ren)有連(lian)(lian)帶(dai)關(guan)系的(de)(de)人(ren)承擔(dan)債(zhai)務(wu)責任(ren)的(de)(de)制度(du)。
2、婚姻法第四十一條規定,離(li)婚時(shi),原為夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)生活(huo)所負(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)債務,應(ying)當(dang)(dang)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)償(chang)還(huan)。既(ji)然規定夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)生活(huo)所負(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)債務,應(ying)當(dang)(dang)由夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)償(chang)還(huan),也就包含了夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)中的(de)(de)任(ren)何一方(fang)都負(fu)(fu)有清償(chang)全部債務(共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)債務)的(de)(de)義務,在此不能將共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)償(chang)還(huan)僅(jin)僅(jin)理解(jie)為夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)等份償(chang)還(huan)。共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)償(chang)還(huan)就設定了償(chang)還(huan)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)債務是夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)責任(ren)。
3、婚姻法第四十一條同時還規定,共同財產不足清償的,或財產歸各自所有的,由雙方協議清償;協議不成時,由人民法院判決。這就規定了,夫妻共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)財產不(bu)足以(yi)償(chang)還共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)債務(wu)時(shi),夫妻兩(liang)方則(ze)要以(yi)各自的(de)個人財產清(qing)償(chang)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)債務(wu),而并不(bu)是規定對(dui)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)財產不(bu)足的(de)部分予以(yi)免責。這就說明夫妻兩(liang)方對(dui)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)債務(wu)的(de)清(qing)償(chang)是一種無限連帶責任。