一、氧化鋅避雷器的工作原理是什么
避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)很廣泛的(de)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓限制器(qi)(qi),它實(shi)質是(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓能量的(de)吸收器(qi)(qi),它與被保(bao)護(hu)(hu)設備并聯運行,當作用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)壓超過(guo)(guo)一定幅(fu)值(zhi)后避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)總是(shi)(shi)先動作,通過(guo)(guo)它自身泄(xie)放掉大(da)量的(de)能量,限制過(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)氣設備。氧化(hua)鋅避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)具有(you)良好(hao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)性(xing)能的(de)避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi),利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氧化(hua)鋅良好(hao)的(de)非線性(xing)伏安特(te)性(xing),利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氧化(hua)鋅的(de)非線性(xing)起到泄(xie)流和開(kai)斷的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),它的(de)工作原(yuan)理是(shi)(shi)如何呢?
氧化鋅避雷器是以(yi)氧化(hua)鋅閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)組(zu)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)的(de)(de),氧化(hua)鋅閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)具有(you)較好(hao)的(de)(de)非線性伏安特(te)性,在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下,具有(you)極高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,呈絕緣(yuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai),在(zai)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)用下,則(ze)呈現低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻狀(zhuang)態(tai),泄(xie)放雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,使(shi)與避雷(lei)器并聯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)殘(can)壓被抑制在(zai)設(she)備(bei)絕緣(yuan)安全值(zhi)以(yi)下,待有(you)害的(de)(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓消(xiao)失后,閥(fa)片(pian)(pian)又迅速恢復高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,呈絕緣(yuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai),從而(er)起到保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)絕緣(yuan)免受(shou)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓損害的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
二、氧化鋅避雷器的優點有哪些
氧化鋅避雷器不(bu)同于傳(chuan)統的瓷式避雷器,它具有以(yi)下優(you)點:
1、非線性系統很小,故具有較好的非線性伏安特性。氧化鋅避雷(lei)器在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下,具有(you)極大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),而呈現(xian)絕緣狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。在(zai)(zai)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)作用下,則呈現(xian)低電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。泄放雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)流,使與避雷(lei)器并聯(lian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)殘壓(ya)(ya)被限制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)設備(bei)的(de)安全值以下,待有(you)害的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)消(xiao)失(shi)后,避雷(lei)器便迅速的(de)恢復高電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),呈現(xian)出絕緣狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai),從而有(you)效地保護設備(bei)的(de)絕緣免受過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)損(sun)害。
2、結構簡單,無間隙,體積小,重量輕。可以(yi)省去串(chuan)聯的火花間隙,成為(wei)無(wu)間隙避雷器,由于無(wu)間隙,在陡波頭沖擊(ji)放電電壓作用下,殘壓值(zhi)升(sheng)高(gao)也較小(xiao),可使電力設備的絕緣水平降低(di),這對于超高(gao)壓系統經濟意(yi)義重大(da)。
3、動作響應快,保護性能好,氧化鋅避(bi)雷器放電(dian)沒有時延,一旦作(zuo)用電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)始升高,閥片(pian)立即開(kai)(kai)始吸收過電(dian)壓的能量(liang),抵制過電(dian)壓的發展。
4、通流容量大,氧(yang)化鋅(xin)避雷器的(de)通流能力完(wan)全(quan)不受串聯間隙被灼傷的(de)制約,完(wan)全(quan)可以用來限(xian)制操作(zuo)過(guo)電壓(ya),也(ye)可以耐受一定持續時間的(de)工(gong)頻(pin)過(guo)電壓(ya)。
5、無續流,能耐(nai)受(shou)多重雷電過電壓或(huo)操(cao)作過電壓。
6、耐污穢性能好。