一、電源避雷器的工作原理是什么

1、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)它強(qiang)干擾對(dui)(dui)通(tong)信(xin)系統的(de)致(zhi)損(sun)(sun)及(ji)(ji)由(you)(you)此引起的(de)后果(guo)是嚴重(zhong)的(de)，雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)護(hu)將成為必需。雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由(you)(you)高(gao)能的(de)低頻(pin)成分與(yu)極具(ju)滲透(tou)性的(de)高(gao)頻(pin)成分組(zu)成。其(qi)主要通(tong)過兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)形式，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源防(fang)雷(lei)器一種(zhong)(zhong)是通(tong)過金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)直接傳導雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)致(zhi)損(sun)(sun)設(she)備(bei)(bei)；一種(zhong)(zhong)是閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)及(ji)(ji)泄流通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁脈沖以各種(zhong)(zhong)耦合(he)方式感(gan)應到金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)生浪(lang)涌(yong)致(zhi)損(sun)(sun)設(she)備(bei)(bei)。絕大部分雷(lei)損(sun)(sun)由(you)(you)這種(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應而引起。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子信(xin)息設(she)備(bei)(bei)而言，危害主要來(lai)(lai)自于(yu)由(you)(you)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引起的(de)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁脈沖的(de)耦合(he)能量，通(tong)過以下三個通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)所產(chan)生的(de)瞬態(tai)浪(lang)涌(yong)。金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，如自來(lai)(lai)水管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天饋線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信(xin)號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、航(hang)空(kong)障礙(ai)燈引線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等產(chan)生的(de)浪(lang)涌(yong)；地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)們反擊(ji)；空(kong)間通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源防(fang)雷(lei)器的(de)輻射能量。

2、其中金屬管(guan)線通道的(de)(de)(de)浪涌和地線通道的(de)(de)(de)地電(dian)位(wei)反擊(ji)是(shi)電(dian)子信息系統(tong)致損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)，它的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)見的(de)(de)(de)致損(sun)形式是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)力線上(shang)引起的(de)(de)(de)雷損(sun)，所以需作為防(fang)擴的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)。由(you)于雷電(dian)無孔(kong)不入地侵襲電(dian)子信息系統(tong)，雷電(dian)防(fang)護將是(shi)個系統(tong)工(gong)程。雷電(dian)防(fang)護的(de)(de)(de)中心內容是(shi)泄放(fang)和均衡。

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二、電源防雷器怎么接線

電源防雷器(qi)接入模(mo)式：

1、在TN制式中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般情況下電源防(fang)雷(lei)器只(zhi)需(xu)作共模接(jie)法(fa)，即(ji)接(jie)于相線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)保護(hu)地(di)線(xian)(xian)之間。但在TN-S制式的(de)起始(shi)位置，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)保護(hu)地(di)線(xian)(xian)之間無須接(jie)入(ru)電涌(yong)防(fang)雷(lei)器。只(zhi)有對(dui)A級(ji)防(fang)雷(lei)等(deng)級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)第(di)三、四級(ji)和B級(ji)防(fang)雷(lei)等(deng)級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)第(di)三級(ji)上(shang)的(de)特(te)別重要設備的(de)電源端口，才需(xu)做差模接(jie)入(ru)，即(ji)增加(jia)接(jie)于相線(xian)(xian)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)之間的(de)電源防(fang)雷(lei)器。

2、在TT制式中，當第一級電源防雷器位于漏電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)之后，可作(zuo)上述共模(mo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)法。當第一級電源(yuan)防(fang)雷器(qi)(qi)位于漏電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)之前，且(qie)高壓系(xi)(xi)統為中(zhong)心點(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地系(xi)(xi)統，電源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)應作(zuo)“3+1”接(jie)(jie)(jie)法，即三(san)個相(xiang)線(xian)對中(zhong)性線(xian)各接(jie)(jie)(jie)一個電源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)性線(xian)對保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地線(xian)再接(jie)(jie)(jie)一個電源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)IT制式中(zhong)，電源(yuan)防(fang)雷器(qi)(qi)只作(zuo)共模(mo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)法。