板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材按材質分類可分為(wei)實(shi)(shi)木板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、人(ren)造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩大類;按成(cheng)型分類可分為(wei)實(shi)(shi)心(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、夾(jia)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、裝飾面板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、防火板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)等(deng)。
顧名(ming)思義(yi),實木板(ban)(ban)就是采(cai)用(yong)完整的(de)木材制成的(de)木板(ban)(ban)材。這些板(ban)(ban)材堅固耐用(yong)、紋路(lu)自然,是裝修中(zhong)優中(zhong)之選。但由于(yu)此類(lei)板(ban)(ban)材造(zao)價(jia)高,而(er)且施工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)要求高,在裝修中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)反(fan)而(er)并不多。實木板(ban)(ban)一般按照板(ban)(ban)材實質(zhi)名(ming)稱分類(lei),沒有統一的(de)標準規格。目前(qian)除了地板(ban)(ban)和門(men)扇會使(shi)用(yong)實木板(ban)(ban)外(wai),一般我(wo)們所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)板(ban)(ban)材都是人工(gong)加工(gong)出來的(de)人造(zao)板(ban)(ban)。
夾板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),也稱(cheng)膠合板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、行內俗稱(cheng)細(xi)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。由三層(ceng)或(huo)多層(ceng)一毫(hao)米(mi)厚的單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)薄板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膠貼熱壓制(zhi)而成。是目(mu)前手(shou)工(gong)制(zhi)作家具最為常用的材料。夾板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一般分為3厘(li)(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、5厘(li)(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、9厘(li)(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、12厘(li)(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、15厘(li)(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和18厘(li)(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)六(liu)種規格(1厘(li)(li)(li)即為1mm)。
裝飾(shi)面(mian)板(ban),俗稱面(mian)板(ban)。是將實木板(ban)精(jing)密(mi)刨切成厚(hou)度為(wei)0.2mm左(zuo)右的(de)微薄(bo)木皮(pi),以(yi)夾(jia)板(ban)為(wei)基(ji)材,經(jing)過膠粘工藝制做而成的(de)具有(you)單面(mian)裝飾(shi)作用的(de)裝飾(shi)板(ban)材。它是夾(jia)板(ban)存在的(de)特殊方(fang)式(shi),厚(hou)度為(wei)3厘。
細木工板(ban)(ban),俗稱大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)。大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)是(shi)由兩片單板(ban)(ban)中間粘壓(ya)(ya)拼接木板(ban)(ban)而(er)成。大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)的價格比細芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)要便宜,其豎向(以芯(xin)(xin)材走向區分)抗彎壓(ya)(ya)強度差(cha),但橫(heng)向抗彎壓(ya)(ya)強度較(jiao)高。
刨花板是(shi)用木(mu)材碎料為主要(yao)原料,再滲加膠水,添加劑(ji)經壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)而成的薄型板材。按壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)方法可分為擠壓(ya)(ya)刨花板、平壓(ya)(ya)刨花板二類。此類板材主要(yao)優點是(shi)價格極其(qi)便宜(yi)。其(qi)缺點也很明顯(xian):強度極差(cha)。一般不適宜(yi)制(zhi)作較大型或者有力學要(yao)求的家私。
密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板,也稱纖(xian)維(wei)板。是(shi)以木質(zhi)纖(xian)維(wei)或(huo)其他植物(wu)纖(xian)維(wei)為(wei)原料,施加脲醛樹脂或(huo)其他適用的膠粘劑制成(cheng)的人造(zao)板材(cai),按其密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)的不同,分為(wei)高(gao)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板、中密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板、低密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板。密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板由于(yu)質(zhi)軟耐沖(chong)擊,也容易再(zai)加工。在國外,密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板是(shi)制作家私的一種良好材(cai)料,但由于(yu)國家關于(yu)高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)板的標(biao)準比國際的標(biao)準低數(shu)倍,所以,密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)板在我國的使用質(zhi)量還有待提高(gao)。
防(fang)火板是采用硅質(zhi)(zhi)材料或鈣質(zhi)(zhi)材料為(wei)(wei)主要原料,與一定(ding)比例(li)的纖維材料、輕質(zhi)(zhi)骨料、黏合(he)劑(ji)和化學添加劑(ji)混(hun)合(he),經蒸壓技術制(zhi)成的裝飾板材。是目前(qian)越來(lai)越多(duo)使用的一種新型材料,其使用不僅僅是因為(wei)(wei)防(fang)火的因素。防(fang)火板的施工對于粘(zhan)貼(tie)膠水的要求比較高,質(zhi)(zhi)量較好的防(fang)火板價(jia)格比裝飾面板也要貴。防(fang)火板的厚度一般為(wei)(wei)0.8mm、1mm和1.2mm。
三聚氰(qing)胺(an)板(ban),全稱是(shi)三聚氰(qing)胺(an)浸漬(zi)膠膜紙飾面人造板(ban),是(shi)一種墻面裝飾材料。其制造過程是(shi)將帶(dai)有(you)不同(tong)顏色或紋理的紙放入(ru)三聚氰(qing)胺(an)樹脂(zhi)膠粘(zhan)劑中(zhong)浸泡(pao),然后干(gan)燥(zao)到(dao)一定固化程度(du),將其鋪裝在刨花(hua)板(ban)、中(zhong)密度(du)纖維(wei)板(ban)或硬質纖維(wei)板(ban)表面,經(jing)熱(re)壓(ya)而成的裝飾板(ban)。