電磁繼電器可(ke)以用(yong)低電壓、弱電流控制(zhi)高電壓、強(qiang)電流電路,還可(ke)實現遠距離(li)操縱(zong)和生(sheng)產自動化,在(zai)現代(dai)生(sheng)活中起著越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)重要的作(zuo)用(yong)。
二、電磁繼電器的工作原理
繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),一般指的(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)機械(xie)動作(zuo)那種(zhong)。繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用本(ben)質是(shi)(shi)用一個(ge)(ge)回路(lu)(lu)(一般是(shi)(shi)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流)去控制另外一個(ge)(ge)回路(lu)(lu)(一般是(shi)(shi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流)的(de)通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)(duan),而且這個(ge)(ge)控制過程中,兩個(ge)(ge)回路(lu)(lu)一般是(shi)(shi)隔離的(de),它的(de)基(ji)本(ben)原理,是(shi)(shi)利(li)用了電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁效應來控制機械(xie)觸(chu)點(dian)達到通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)(duan)目的(de),給帶有鐵芯線(xian)圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)-線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產(chan)生磁場-磁場吸(xi)附銜(xian)鐵動作(zuo)通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)(duan)觸(chu)點(dian),整個(ge)(ge)過程是(shi)(shi)“小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流-磁-機械(xie)-大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流”這樣一個(ge)(ge)過程。
只要在(zai)(zai)線(xian)圈兩端加上一定的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya),線(xian)圈中就(jiu)會流(liu)過一定的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu),從(cong)而(er)產生電(dian)磁效應,銜(xian)鐵(tie)就(jiu)會在(zai)(zai)電(dian)磁力(li)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下克服返(fan)回(hui)彈(dan)簧的(de)(de)拉力(li)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)向鐵(tie)芯,從(cong)而(er)帶動(dong)銜(xian)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)動(dong)觸(chu)點(dian)與靜觸(chu)點(dian)(常(chang)開觸(chu)點(dian))吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)合。當線(xian)圈斷電(dian)后,電(dian)磁的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)力(li)也(ye)隨之消失(shi),銜(xian)鐵(tie)就(jiu)會在(zai)(zai)彈(dan)簧的(de)(de)反作(zuo)用力(li)返(fan)回(hui)原來的(de)(de)位置,使動(dong)觸(chu)點(dian)與原來的(de)(de)靜觸(chu)點(dian)(常(chang)閉(bi)觸(chu)點(dian))釋放。這樣(yang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)合、釋放,從(cong)而(er)達到了在(zai)(zai)電(dian)路中的(de)(de)導通、切(qie)斷的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。對于(yu)繼(ji)電(dian)器的(de)(de)“常開(kai)、常閉”觸(chu)點(dian)(dian),可以這(zhe)樣來(lai)區分:繼(ji)電器線圈未通電時處于斷(duan)開(kai)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)靜觸(chu)點(dian)(dian),稱(cheng)為(wei)“常開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)”;處于接通狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)靜觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為(wei)“常閉觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)”。
三、電磁繼電器的應用
防訊報(bao)警(jing)(jing)器:水(shui)位上(shang)漲超(chao)過(guo)警(jing)(jing)戒線(xian)時,浮(fu)子(zi)上(shang)升,使控制電路接通,電磁鐵吸下銜鐵,于(yu)是報(bao)警(jing)(jing)器指示(shi)燈電路接通,燈亮(liang)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)。
溫(wen)度(du)(du)自動(dong)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)器:當(dang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升高到一定值時(shi),水(shui)(shui)銀溫(wen)度(du)(du)計(ji)中水(shui)(shui)銀面上(shang)升到金(jin)(jin)屬絲(si)處,水(shui)(shui)銀是導(dao)體。因此將電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)電(dian)路(lu)接通,電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)吸引彈簧(huang)片(pian),使(shi)電(dian)鈴電(dian)路(lu)閉合,電(dian)鈴響(xiang)報(bao)(bao)警(jing),當(dang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)下降后,水(shui)(shui)銀面離開金(jin)(jin)屬絲(si),電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)電(dian)路(lu)斷開,彈簧(huang)片(pian)回原狀,電(dian)鈴電(dian)路(lu)斷開,電(dian)鈴不(bu)再發聲(sheng)。