【固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)】固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作原(yuan)理 固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)組成部(bu)分 固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)優缺(que)點

固態繼電器工作原理

固(gu)態繼電器(qi)是一(yi)種兩個接線端(duan)為(wei)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)，另兩個接線端(duan)為(wei)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)的四端(duan)器(qi)件(jian)，中間(jian)采用(yong)隔(ge)離(li)器(qi)件(jian)實現(xian)輸(shu)(shu)入輸(shu)(shu)出的電隔(ge)離(li)。

固態(tai)繼電器(qi)按負(fu)載電源類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為交流型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)直流型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。按開(kai)關型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為常開(kai)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)常閉(bi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。按隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為混合型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、變壓器(qi)隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)光(guang)電隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以光(guang)電隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為最(zui)多。

固態繼電器的組成部分

固態繼電器是具(ju)有(you)隔(ge)離(li)功(gong)能的(de)(de)無觸(chu)點電(dian)子開關，在(zai)開關過程(cheng)中無機械(xie)(xie)接觸(chu)部件，因此固(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)器除具(ju)有(you)與電(dian)磁繼電(dian)器一樣的(de)(de)功(gong)能外，還具(ju)有(you)邏輯電(dian)路兼容，耐(nai)振耐(nai)機械(xie)(xie)沖擊，安裝位(wei)置無限制(zhi)，具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)防(fang)潮防(fang)霉(mei)防(fang)腐蝕性(xing)能，在(zai)防(fang)爆和防(fang)止臭氧污(wu)染方面的(de)(de)性(xing)能也極(ji)佳，輸入功(gong)率(lv)小，靈敏度高，控制(zhi)功(gong)率(lv)小，電(dian)磁兼容性(xing)好(hao)，噪聲低(di)和工作(zuo)頻率(lv)高等特(te)點。目前已廣(guang)泛應用于計算機外圍接口設備(bei)(bei)，調溫(wen)、調速(su)、調光、電(dian)機控制(zhi)、電(dian)爐加溫(wen)控制(zhi)、電(dian)力(li)石化、醫療器械(xie)(xie)、金融設備(bei)(bei)、煤炭、儀器儀表(biao)、交通信號等領(ling)域。

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固態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有三(san)部分組成：輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，隔離(耦(ou)合(he))和(he)(he)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。按輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)不同(tong)類別，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)可(ke)分為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)三(san)種。有些(xie)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)還具有與TTL/CMOS兼容，正負邏輯控制和(he)(he)反相等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。固態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)與輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)隔離和(he)(he)耦(ou)合(he)方式有光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合(he)和(he)(he)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)耦(ou)合(he)兩種。固態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也可(ke)分為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)形(xing)式。交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出時，通常(chang)使(shi)用兩個(ge)可(ke)控硅或一(yi)個(ge)雙(shuang)(shuang)向可(ke)控硅，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出時可(ke)使(shi)用雙(shuang)(shuang)極(ji)性(xing)器(qi)(qi)件或功(gong)率場(chang)效應管。

固態繼電器的優缺點

1、固態繼電器的優點

(1)高(gao)壽命，高(gao)可靠：固(gu)態繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)沒有(you)(you)機械零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)，有(you)(you)固(gu)體器(qi)(qi)件(jian)完成觸點功能(neng)，由(you)于沒有(you)(you)運動的零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)，因(yin)此能(neng)在高(gao)沖擊，振動的環境下工作，由(you)于組成固(gu)態繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)的固(gu)有(you)(you)特性，決定了固(gu)態繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的壽命長(chang)，可靠性高(gao)。固(gu)態繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)

(2)靈敏度高，控(kong)制(zhi)功率小，電磁兼容性好：固態繼電器的輸入電壓范(fan)圍(wei)較寬，驅動(dong)功率低，可與大多數邏輯集成電路兼容不需加緩沖(chong)器或驅動(dong)器。

(3)快(kuai)速轉(zhuan)換(huan)：固(gu)(gu)態繼(ji)電(dian)器因為(wei)采用固(gu)(gu)體(ti)器件，所以(yi)切換(huan)速度可從幾毫秒至幾微妙(miao)。

(4)電(dian)磁干(gan)擾(rao)小：固態繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)沒有(you)輸入“線圈”，沒有(you)觸點燃弧(hu)和(he)回跳，因而(er)減(jian)(jian)少了(le)電(dian)磁干(gan)擾(rao)。大(da)多數交流輸出固態繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)是一個零(ling)電(dian)壓開(kai)關(guan)，在零(ling)電(dian)壓處(chu)導通，零(ling)電(dian)流處(chu)關(guan)斷，減(jian)(jian)少了(le)電(dian)流波形的突然(ran)中斷，從而(er)減(jian)(jian)少了(le)開(kai)關(guan)瞬態效應(ying)。

2、固態繼電器的缺點

(1)導通后的(de)管壓(ya)降大，可控(kong)硅或(huo)雙(shuang)相控(kong)硅的(de)正向降壓(ya)可達1~2V，大功率晶體(ti)管的(de)飽和壓(ya)降也在1~2V之間，一般功率場效應管的(de)導通電阻也較機(ji)械觸點(dian)的(de)接觸電阻大。

(2)半(ban)導體器(qi)件關斷后(hou)仍可有數微(wei)安(an)至數毫安(an)的漏電流，因此不(bu)能(neng)實現理想的電隔離(li)。

(3)由于(yu)管壓降大，導通后(hou)的功(gong)耗(hao)和發熱量也大，大功(gong)率固態(tai)繼電(dian)器的體積(ji)遠遠大于(yu)同容量的電(dian)磁繼電(dian)器，成本也較高。

(4)電子(zi)元(yuan)器件(jian)的溫度特性(xing)和電子(zi)線路的抗干(gan)擾能力較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)，耐輻射能力也較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)，如不(bu)采取(qu)有效(xiao)措施(shi)，則(ze)工作可靠(kao)性(xing)低。

(5)固(gu)態繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)對過載(zai)有(you)較大的(de)(de)敏感性，必須(xu)用快速熔斷器(qi)或(huo)RC阻尼電路對其進行過載(zai)保護。固(gu)態繼(ji)(ji)電器(qi)的(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)與環境溫度明(ming)顯有(you)關，溫度升高，負(fu)載(zai)能力(li)將迅速下降。

(6)主要(yao)不足(zu)是存(cun)在通態(tai)壓(ya)降(需相應散熱措(cuo)施)，有斷態(tai)漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不能通用，觸點組數少，另外過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上(shang)升(sheng)率、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)升(sheng)率等指(zhi)標差。固態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)器