【固態(tai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)】固態(tai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作原理 固態(tai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)組成部(bu)分 固態(tai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)優缺點(dian)
固態繼電器工作原理
固態(tai)繼電(dian)器是(shi)一(yi)種兩個(ge)接(jie)線端為輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端,另兩個(ge)接(jie)線端為輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端的四(si)端器件,中(zhong)間采用隔(ge)離(li)器件實現輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)的電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)。
固態繼電(dian)器按負載(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)類型(xing)(xing)可分為(wei)(wei)交流型(xing)(xing)和直流型(xing)(xing)。按開(kai)關型(xing)(xing)式可分為(wei)(wei)常開(kai)型(xing)(xing)和常閉(bi)型(xing)(xing)。按隔離(li)型(xing)(xing)式可分為(wei)(wei)混合型(xing)(xing)、變(bian)壓器隔離(li)型(xing)(xing)和光(guang)電(dian)隔離(li)型(xing)(xing),以光(guang)電(dian)隔離(li)型(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)最多(duo)。
固態繼電器的組成部分
固態繼電器是(shi)具有(you)(you)隔離(li)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)無(wu)觸點電子開關(guan),在開關(guan)過程中無(wu)機械接觸部件(jian),因此固態繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)除(chu)具有(you)(you)與電磁繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)一樣的(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)外(wai),還具有(you)(you)邏輯電路兼(jian)(jian)容(rong),耐振耐機械沖擊,安裝位(wei)置(zhi)無(wu)限制,具有(you)(you)良好的(de)防(fang)潮防(fang)霉防(fang)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),在防(fang)爆(bao)和防(fang)止(zhi)臭(chou)氧(yang)污染方(fang)面(mian)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也極(ji)佳,輸(shu)入功率小,靈敏度(du)高,控(kong)制功率小,電磁兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)好,噪聲低和工作(zuo)頻率高等特點。目前已廣泛應用于計算機外(wai)圍接口設(she)備,調溫(wen)、調速、調光、電機控(kong)制、電爐(lu)加溫(wen)控(kong)制、電力石化、醫療器(qi)(qi)械、金融(rong)設(she)備、煤炭、儀器(qi)(qi)儀表(biao)、交通信號等領域。
固態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)有(you)三部(bu)分組成(cheng):輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu),隔離(li)(耦(ou)合(he)(he))和輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。按輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)不同類別(bie),輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分為直流(liu)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu),交(jiao)流(liu)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和交(jiao)直流(liu)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)三種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)些(xie)輸入(ru)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)還具(ju)有(you)與(yu)TTL/CMOS兼容,正負邏輯控制和反(fan)相等(deng)(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。固態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸入(ru)與(yu)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)隔離(li)和耦(ou)合(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合(he)(he)和變壓(ya)器(qi)耦(ou)合(he)(he)兩種(zhong)(zhong)。固態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分為直流(liu)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu),交(jiao)流(liu)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和交(jiao)直流(liu)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)等(deng)(deng)形(xing)式(shi)。交(jiao)流(liu)輸出時(shi),通常使用兩個(ge)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)控硅或一個(ge)雙(shuang)向可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)控硅,直流(liu)輸出時(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使用雙(shuang)極性器(qi)件或功(gong)率場效(xiao)應管(guan)。
固態繼電器的優缺點
1、固態繼電器的優點
(1)高壽命,高可(ke)靠(kao):固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)沒(mei)有機(ji)械零(ling)部件,有固(gu)體器(qi)件完(wan)成觸點(dian)功能(neng),由于沒(mei)有運動的(de)(de)零(ling)部件,因(yin)此能(neng)在(zai)高沖擊,振動的(de)(de)環境下工作,由于組成固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)的(de)(de)元器(qi)件的(de)(de)固(gu)有特性(xing),決定了固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)的(de)(de)壽命長,可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高。固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)
(2)靈敏(min)度高,控制功率(lv)小,電磁兼容性(xing)好:固(gu)態繼電器的輸(shu)入電壓范圍較寬,驅動功率(lv)低,可與大(da)多數邏輯集成電路(lu)兼容不需加緩沖器或驅動器。
(3)快(kuai)速轉換:固(gu)態繼電器因為采(cai)用(yong)固(gu)體(ti)器件,所以切換速度(du)可(ke)從幾(ji)毫秒至幾(ji)微(wei)妙。
(4)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干(gan)擾(rao)小:固態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器沒(mei)有輸入“線圈”,沒(mei)有觸點燃弧和(he)回跳,因而減少了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干(gan)擾(rao)。大多(duo)數(shu)交流(liu)輸出固態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是一個零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)關,在零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)處導(dao)通,零電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)處關斷(duan),減少了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波(bo)形的突然中(zhong)斷(duan),從而減少了(le)開(kai)(kai)關瞬態效應。
2、固態繼電器的缺點
(1)導通后的管壓降(jiang)大,可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)或雙(shuang)相(xiang)控(kong)硅(gui)的正向(xiang)降(jiang)壓可(ke)達1~2V,大功率(lv)晶體管的飽和壓降(jiang)也(ye)(ye)在(zai)1~2V之間,一般功率(lv)場(chang)效應(ying)管的導通電阻也(ye)(ye)較(jiao)機械觸點的接(jie)觸電阻大。
(2)半導體(ti)器(qi)件關斷后(hou)仍可有數微安至數毫安的(de)(de)漏電流(liu),因此不能(neng)實現理想的(de)(de)電隔(ge)離。
(3)由于管壓降大,導通后的功(gong)耗和發熱量也(ye)大,大功(gong)率(lv)固態繼電器(qi)的體積遠遠大于同容(rong)量的電磁繼電器(qi),成(cheng)本也(ye)較高。
(4)電子元(yuan)器(qi)件的溫度特(te)性和電子線路的抗干擾(rao)能力較差(cha),耐(nai)輻射能力也(ye)較差(cha),如(ru)不采(cai)取有效(xiao)措施,則工作可(ke)靠性低。
(5)固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)對過(guo)載(zai)有較(jiao)大的(de)敏感(gan)性,必須用快(kuai)速熔斷器(qi)或RC阻尼電(dian)(dian)路對其(qi)進行過(guo)載(zai)保護。固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)與環(huan)境溫度明顯有關,溫度升高,負(fu)(fu)載(zai)能力將迅速下降。
(6)主要不(bu)足是存在通(tong)態壓降(需相應散熱措施(shi)),有(you)斷(duan)態漏電(dian)流(liu),交直流(liu)不(bu)能通(tong)用,觸點組數少,另外過電(dian)流(liu)、過電(dian)壓及(ji)電(dian)壓上升率(lv)、電(dian)流(liu)上升率(lv)等指(zhi)標差。固態繼電(dian)器