電子詞典組成部分

1、MCU

MCU是Main Control Unit的(de)(de)(de)縮寫(xie)，中(zhong)文(wen)意思為主要控制(zhi)單元，或者(zhe)說主控制(zhi)器，也(ye)就相當于(yu)電(dian)腦(nao)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)CPU,人的(de)(de)(de)大腦(nao)。MCU是電(dian)子詞典中(zhong)最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)一個器件，其他的(de)(de)(de)器件都(dou)是受其控制(zhi)和操作的(de)(de)(de)。

2、存儲設備

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)子詞典里常見的存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)芯片(pian)有(you)三種(zhong)(zhong)：MASKROM掩(yan)膜只讀(du)存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器，FLASH閃存(cun)(cun)(cun)和SRAM靜態隨機存(cun)(cun)(cun)取器。它們是通過不同(tong)的工藝制造(zao)出來的，功能也不盡(jin)相同(tong)。MASK ROM里面(mian)的資(zi)(zi)料只能一次(ci)性的在(zai)廠家(jia)寫入(ru)，一旦寫入(ru)，就(jiu)無(wu)法(fa)更(geng)改里面(mian)的內(nei)容(rong)。FLASH則可(ke)寫入(ru)內(nei)容(rong)，還可(ke)以擦除更(geng)改，這兩種(zhong)(zhong)芯片(pian)里的內(nei)容(rong)即(ji)使(shi)沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)也可(ke)以保存(cun)(cun)(cun)下來，資(zi)(zi)料不會丟(diu)失。

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3、電源及低電壓檢測

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子詞典(dian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)相(xiang)當(dang)于人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)心臟，它給系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)恒定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)源源不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力供(gong)(gong)應。日常(chang)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器件都(dou)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍（不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)器件，有(you)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍），通(tong)常(chang)為2.7伏(fu)(fu)(fu)到(dao)3.6伏(fu)(fu)(fu)之間，超過這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)范(fan)(fan)圍，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)可能(neng)造(zao)成系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不穩定(ding)(ding)，資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)丟(diu)失，甚至(zhi)芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞。而的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)不固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩(liang)(liang)節大(da)約在3.2伏(fu)(fu)(fu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間長了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)降下(xia)來了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模塊就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)確保整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)總是(shi)工作在固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍上。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模塊穩壓(ya)(ya)以(yi)后，出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)了(le)。一(yi)般(ban)為3.0伏(fu)(fu)(fu)或者3.3伏(fu)(fu)(fu)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候確實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不多了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為某一(yi)個(ge)(ge)值以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模塊也(ye)頗(po)感吃力，提(ti)供(gong)(gong)不了(le)那么大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)輸出，只能(neng)干一(yi)些輕松的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要采(cai)取一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施了(le)，比如提(ti)示報(bao)警(jing)、禁(jin)止(zhi)發音(yin)、禁(jin)止(zhi)游戲等等。不然的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，這(zhe)(zhe)些非常(chang)消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作會(hui)(hui)拉低系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，造(zao)成死機，資(zi)料丟(diu)失。以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)兩(liang)(liang)節7號(hao)(hao)堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機器來說(shuo)(shuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在2.3伏(fu)(fu)(fu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低于2.3伏(fu)(fu)(fu)，機器就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)自(zi)動檢測(ce)到(dao)，然后一(yi)些比較耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)被禁(jin)止(zhi)了(le),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)示用(yong)戶。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)更低的(de)(de)(de)(de)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)已經不能(neng)保證任(ren)何功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運行了(le)，為了(le)保護資(zi)料及系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要由(you)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)強行關機了(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)級(ji)檢測(ce)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)通(tong)常(chang)所說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)。同(tong)樣(yang)以(yi)兩(liang)(liang)節7號(hao)(hao)堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機器來說(shuo)(shuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)點一(yi)般(ban)在2.0伏(fu)(fu)(fu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。

4、鍵盤

鍵(jian)(jian)盤就是按的(de)鍵(jian)(jian)，通常包括(kuo)復(fu)位(wei)鍵(jian)(jian)，開關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)，方向鍵(jian)(jian)，２６字母，數字，符號(hao)，退出(chu)，輸入以及一(yi)些(xie)常用的(de)快捷鍵(jian)(jian)，如目錄(lu)、發音(yin)等(deng)等(deng)。

5、顯示模塊

LCD是Liquid Crystal Display的(de)(de)縮寫，中文名稱(cheng)為液態晶(jing)體(ti)顯示器，有時簡稱(cheng)為液晶(jing)，由(you)于它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)構造大致(zhi)是由(you)兩塊玻璃(li)中夾(jia)著(zhu)液態晶(jing)體(ti)構成(cheng)，外(wai)表看也(ye)象(xiang)玻璃(li)一(yi)樣，所以(yi)也(ye)有人把LCD叫作玻璃(li)。通常(chang)LCD需要專(zhuan)(zhuan)用的(de)(de)集成(cheng)電路（IC－Integrated Circuit）也(ye)就是芯片(pian)來(lai)驅(qu)動(dong)它(ta)(ta)工作，這(zhe)個專(zhuan)(zhuan)用的(de)(de)芯片(pian)就是LCD Driver,有的(de)(de)主控制(zhi)器本身(shen)有可以(yi)直接(jie)驅(qu)動(dong)LCD的(de)(de)功(gong)能（或者說把主控制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和LCD的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)做(zuo)在一(yi)個芯片(pian)上了），就不需要再(zai)外(wai)接(jie)LCD的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)芯片(pian)了，的(de)(de)新英漢2280的(de)(de)MCU就是這(zhe)樣。但大多(duo)數MCU不具備這(zhe)種功(gong)能，都(dou)需要外(wai)接(jie)獨立的(de)(de)LCD驅(qu)動(dong)芯片(pian)，如A系列等.有關(guan)顯示方面的(de)(de)具體(ti)介紹請參考LCD顯示原理與維(wei)修部分。

6、發音部分

電子詞典的(de)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)通常(chang)(chang)分為(wei)兩種(zhong)，真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)和(he)合(he)成發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)。真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)是把要發(fa)的(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)錄下來(lai)(lai)，進行(xing)壓縮(suo)處理存(cun)下來(lai)(lai)，發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)時(shi)候就先進行(xing)解壓縮(suo)，再播放出來(lai)(lai)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)方(fang)(fang)法占用的(de)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)空間(jian)非常(chang)(chang)大。發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)數量(liang)和(he)所(suo)(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)的(de)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)空間(jian)是成比例的(de)，能發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)越(yue)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)空間(jian)越(yue)大，機(ji)器成本越(yue)高，但相對來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，語音(yin)(yin)(yin)清晰(xi)一些(xie)。合(he)成發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)簡單(dan)(dan)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是指單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)是由各部分合(he)成而(er)來(lai)(lai)。不需(xu)(xu)要對每個單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)進行(xing)錄音(yin)(yin)(yin)，只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)要對各個音(yin)(yin)(yin)標（或(huo)者說(shuo)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)各部分）錄音(yin)(yin)(yin)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)音(yin)(yin)(yin)標可以用在很多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)里面，音(yin)(yin)(yin)標只(zhi)有(you)那么(me)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以相對來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，他(ta)所(suo)(suo)(suo)占用的(de)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)空間(jian)非常(chang)(chang)小(xiao)。而(er)且幾乎所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)的(de)單(dan)(dan)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)都可以發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)發(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)質量(liang)相對來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)要差一點(dian)。