電子詞典組成部分

1、MCU

MCU是Main Control Unit的(de)縮寫(xie)，中文意思為(wei)主要(yao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元，或者說主控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器，也(ye)就相當于電(dian)腦里的(de)CPU,人的(de)大腦。MCU是電(dian)子詞(ci)典中最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)一個器件(jian)，其他的(de)器件(jian)都(dou)是受(shou)其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和操作的(de)。

2、存儲設備

在(zai)電子詞典里(li)常見的(de)存(cun)(cun)儲芯片(pian)有三(san)種(zhong)：MASKROM掩膜只(zhi)讀存(cun)(cun)儲器，FLASH閃存(cun)(cun)和SRAM靜態隨機存(cun)(cun)取器。它們(men)是通過不(bu)同的(de)工藝(yi)制(zhi)造出來(lai)的(de)，功能也不(bu)盡相同。MASK ROM里(li)面的(de)資料只(zhi)能一次(ci)性(xing)的(de)在(zai)廠家寫入(ru)(ru)，一旦寫入(ru)(ru)，就無法更改里(li)面的(de)內容(rong)(rong)。FLASH則可(ke)(ke)寫入(ru)(ru)內容(rong)(rong)，還可(ke)(ke)以擦除更改，這兩(liang)種(zhong)芯片(pian)里(li)的(de)內容(rong)(rong)即使沒有電也可(ke)(ke)以保(bao)存(cun)(cun)下(xia)來(lai)，資料不(bu)會丟失(shi)。

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3、電源及低電壓檢測

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子詞典中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)相(xiang)當于人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心臟，它(ta)給系統(tong)(tong)提(ti)供恒定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)源(yuan)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)供應。日常所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件(jian)都有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)（不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)，有不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)），通常為(wei)2.7伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)到3.6伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之間(jian)，超過這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)范圍(wei)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有可能(neng)(neng)造成系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)穩(wen)定，資(zi)(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丟失(shi)，甚(shen)至芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞。而的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩節(jie)大約(yue)在(zai)3.2伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)左(zuo)右，用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)降(jiang)下來了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊(kuai)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)保(bao)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)系統(tong)(tong)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)在(zai)固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)上。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊(kuai)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)以(yi)(yi)后，出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)了(le)。一(yi)般為(wei)3.0伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)或(huo)者3.3伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池用(yong)到一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候確(que)實(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)多了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)某一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)值以(yi)(yi)下時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊(kuai)也(ye)頗感吃力(li)，提(ti)供不(bu)了(le)那么大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率輸出(chu)，只能(neng)(neng)干一(yi)些輕松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)采取一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施了(le)，比如提(ti)示(shi)報(bao)警、禁(jin)止(zhi)發音、禁(jin)止(zhi)游戲等(deng)等(deng)。不(bu)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，這(zhe)些非常消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)會拉低(di)(di)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，造成死機(ji)(ji)，資(zi)(zi)料(liao)丟失(shi)。以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)兩節(jie)7號(hao)堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)來說，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)2.3伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)左(zuo)右。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于2.3伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會自動(dong)檢測(ce)到，然(ran)后一(yi)些比較(jiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會被(bei)禁(jin)止(zhi)了(le),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)提(ti)示(shi)用(yong)戶。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)更低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)已經不(bu)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證任何功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全運行(xing)了(le)，為(wei)了(le)保(bao)護資(zi)(zi)料(liao)及系統(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)由(you)系統(tong)(tong)強行(xing)關(guan)機(ji)(ji)了(le)，這(zhe)一(yi)級檢測(ce)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通常所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)。同(tong)樣以(yi)(yi)兩節(jie)7號(hao)堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)來說，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)點(dian)一(yi)般在(zai)2.0伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)左(zuo)右。

4、鍵盤

鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)盤就(jiu)是按的鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)，通(tong)常包括復位(wei)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)，開關鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)，方向(xiang)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)，２６字母，數字，符(fu)號，退出，輸入以(yi)及一些(xie)常用(yong)的快捷鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)，如(ru)目錄(lu)、發音(yin)等等。

5、顯示模塊

LCD是Liquid Crystal Display的(de)(de)(de)縮寫，中文(wen)名稱(cheng)為液態晶體顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)，有時簡稱(cheng)為液晶，由于(yu)它的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造大(da)致(zhi)是由兩塊玻璃中夾(jia)著液態晶體構(gou)成，外表看也(ye)象(xiang)玻璃一樣，所(suo)以也(ye)有人把LCD叫作玻璃。通常LCD需要(yao)專用的(de)(de)(de)集成電路（IC－Integrated Circuit）也(ye)就(jiu)是芯(xin)(xin)片來(lai)驅動(dong)它工(gong)作，這個(ge)專用的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)片就(jiu)是LCD Driver,有的(de)(de)(de)主控(kong)制器(qi)本身有可(ke)以直接驅動(dong)LCD的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能（或者說把主控(kong)制單元(yuan)和LCD的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)單元(yuan)做在(zai)一個(ge)芯(xin)(xin)片上了(le)），就(jiu)不需要(yao)再外接LCD的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)片了(le)，的(de)(de)(de)新英漢2280的(de)(de)(de)MCU就(jiu)是這樣。但(dan)大(da)多數MCU不具(ju)備這種功(gong)能，都需要(yao)外接獨立的(de)(de)(de)LCD驅動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)片，如A系列等.有關(guan)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體介紹請參考LCD顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)原理與維修(xiu)部分。

6、發音部分

電子詞典的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)通常(chang)分為兩種，真人發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)和合(he)(he)成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)。真人發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)是(shi)把(ba)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)錄(lu)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)，進(jin)行壓縮處理存下(xia)來(lai)(lai)，發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)時候就先進(jin)行解壓縮，再播放(fang)出來(lai)(lai)。這種發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)方(fang)法占用的(de)(de)存儲空(kong)間(jian)非(fei)常(chang)大。發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞的(de)(de)數量和所(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)存儲空(kong)間(jian)是(shi)成(cheng)比(bi)例(li)的(de)(de)，能(neng)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞越(yue)多(duo)，所(suo)(suo)需(xu)(xu)空(kong)間(jian)越(yue)大，機器(qi)成(cheng)本越(yue)高，但相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，語音(yin)(yin)清晰一些。合(he)(he)成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)簡單(dan)(dan)(dan)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)指單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)是(shi)由各部(bu)分合(he)(he)成(cheng)而來(lai)(lai)。不(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞進(jin)行錄(lu)音(yin)(yin)，只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)各個(ge)(ge)音(yin)(yin)標（或(huo)者說(shuo)單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞的(de)(de)各部(bu)分）錄(lu)音(yin)(yin)，這些音(yin)(yin)標可以(yi)(yi)用在很多(duo)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞里面，音(yin)(yin)標只(zhi)有(you)那么多(duo)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，他所(suo)(suo)占用的(de)(de)存儲空(kong)間(jian)非(fei)常(chang)小(xiao)。而且幾乎所(suo)(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)詞都可以(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)。這種發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)方(fang)法的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)質量相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)要(yao)差(cha)一點。