小(xiao)麥(mai)免耕播(bo)種機使用中應注意的問(wen)題
小(xiao)麥免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)種是保護性(xing)耕(geng)(geng)作的核心(xin)技(ji)術,小(xiao)麥免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)種機(ji)是保護性(xing)耕(geng)(geng)作的關鍵機(ji)具(ju),它與常規播(bo)種機(ji)在構(gou)造(zao)、原理、性(xing)能等(deng)方面有(you)很大不同,正確(que)使用免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)種機(ji)應特(te)別(bie)注意以下幾方面問題。
一(yi)、機具安(an)(an)裝時(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)動萬(wan)向節和(he)組合旋(xuan)(xuan)耕刀(dao)位置(zhi)要正確。萬(wan)向節安(an)(an)裝后,兩頭花鍵節叉(cha)應在同(tong)一(yi)個平面內(nei),方軸(zhou)與方管不能頂死(si)。否則,機具升降、轉動不靈活,加大震動、減少壽命。播(bo)種(zhong)苗帶旋(xuan)(xuan)耕刀(dao)由彎刀(dao)和(he)直刀(dao)組成,安(an)(an)裝時(shi)(shi)彎刀(dao)要向內(nei)彎曲,保(bao)證作業時(shi)(shi)把秸(jie)稈(gan)拋(pao)到壟(long)間,播(bo)種(zhong)溝內(nei)基本無(wu)長秸(jie)稈(gan),為小麥出(chu)苗發育創造良好條件(jian)。
二、作(zuo)業時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意起步和地(di)頭(tou)(tou)機具提升(sheng)(sheng)操(cao)作(zuo)得(de)(de)當(dang)。作(zuo)業起步時(shi),旋耕刀離地(di),結(jie)合動(dong)力,待空轉達到(dao)一(yi)定速度(du)(du)后,再掛(gua)擋起步,同時(shi)緩慢降落機具逐(zhu)漸入土,直至正常作(zuo)業。到(dao)地(di)頭(tou)(tou)轉彎提升(sheng)(sheng)機具時(shi),不(bu)得(de)(de)提升(sheng)(sheng)過高,萬向節(jie)與動(dong)力輸出(chu)軸夾(jia)角不(bu)得(de)(de)大于(yu)25度(du)(du),若必(bi)須提高要(yao)切斷動(dong)力。否則,容易(yi)損壞機件。
三(san)、免(mian)(mian)耕播(bo)種要適當加大播(bo)種量(liang)和播(bo)種深度(du)(du)。小(xiao)(xiao)麥免(mian)(mian)耕播(bo)種,因(yin)為播(bo)種苗帶土壤中(zhong)混有較(jiao)多秸稈,種床(chuang)條(tiao)件不(bu)如(ru)常規播(bo)種的好,為保證小(xiao)(xiao)麥出苗發育(yu)生長(chang),免(mian)(mian)耕播(bo)種小(xiao)(xiao)麥播(bo)種量(liang)要比常規播(bo)種多1-1.5kg,播(bo)種深度(du)(du)要深1-2cm。
四、要(yao)保證播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)帶寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)。免耕播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)麥的行(xing)距(ju)和苗帶都比(bi)常(chang)規(gui)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)寬(kuan)(kuan),行(xing)距(ju)一般在25cm左右,苗帶12cm左右。小(xiao)麥既(ji)能保證良好的通風透光條件,又(you)能保證畝株數。作(zuo)業中,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)器播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)往(wang)往(wang)達不到要(yao)求。因此,作(zuo)業時是要(yao)經(jing)常(chang)清理播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)舌(she)粘土(tu),保持舌(she)面種(zhong)(zhong)子導流槽(cao)清潔,保證種(zhong)(zhong)帶寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)和播(bo)(bo)撒均勻。
五、要有適當(dang)鎮壓(ya)強度。為解決(jue)小麥(mai)免(mian)耕播(bo)種(zhong)苗床秸(jie)稈較(jiao)多(duo),易透氣(qi),不(bu)易保墑(di)的問題,免(mian)耕播(bo)種(zhong)機設置了鎮壓(ya)器。播(bo)種(zhong)作業時,要根(gen)據土壤墑(di)情調(diao)整鎮壓(ya)強度。可(ke)通過改變鎮壓(ya)輪兩側(ce)搖臂(bei)上限位(wei)銷的位(wei)置,調(diao)整壓(ya)力,上限位(wei)銷下(xia)移越多(duo),鎮壓(ya)力越大。