一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電壓(ya)是干(gan)(gan)電池性(xing)能的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)能指標之一，它表示干(gan)(gan)電池在一定狀態(tai)下電池兩端的(de)電勢差，一般干(gan)(gan)電池的(de)電壓(ya)有三(san)種：

1、標準電壓

又稱額定電(dian)壓，指電(dian)池正負極(ji)材(cai)料因化學反(fan)應而造成的(de)電(dian)位(wei)差，由此產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)壓值。干電(dian)池的(de)標準電(dian)壓為(wei)1.5V。

普通干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)化學電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液反應的(de)(de)激烈(lie)程度(du)只能達到使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發揮出約1.5V的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)水平。這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟(gen)化學離(li)子化傾(qing)向(xiang)有關(guan)，也就是說跟(gen)陰(yin)極(ji)和陽極(ji)材料有關(guan)，鋅跟(gen)碳棒在電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液中產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢就是大約1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)非工作狀態下(xia)即電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中無(wu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池正負極(ji)之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)勢差。干電(dian)(dian)池滿電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端(duan)電(dian)壓(ya)，是(shi)(shi)指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在工(gong)作狀態下即(ji)電(dian)路(lu)中有電(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過時(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)正負極之間的電(dian)勢(shi)差。在電(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)工(gong)作狀態下，當電(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部時(shi)，需克(ke)服電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的內阻所造成阻力，故工(gong)作電(dian)壓(ya)總是(shi)(shi)低于(yu)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)，充電(dian)時(shi)則與之相反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選(xuan)定(ding)一個適當(dang)的負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)并聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的正負極間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)存在(zai)某種(zhong)已知(zhi)關系，所以(yi)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的容量(liang)及用途(tu),再測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，看此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)帶負荷時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較空(kong)載時(shi)(shi)下(xia)降程度，就可以(yi)判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)；不過前提條(tiao)件(jian)是不施(shi)加(jia)任何負載的情(qing)況下(xia)，加(jia)負載后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會因為內部(bu)阻(zu)抗引起壓(ya)降失真，并隨時(shi)(shi)間的推移以(yi)不同速率逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低，并且在(zai)去除負載后逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)高。因此如(ru)果施(shi)加(jia)負載的話(hua)，會影響干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的檢測(ce)結果。

萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)也(ye)可以準確(que)測量(liang)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，通(tong)過(guo)測量(liang)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)高(gao)低，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進行(xing)判斷，如果測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)小于干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，說(shuo)明干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)充(chong)足的(de)；小于干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越多(duo)，說(shuo)明干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越多(duo)，由于型號的(de)不(bu)同(tong)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)檢測結果會受到影響，但是(shi)對(dui)單(dan)節(jie)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來(lai)說(shuo)，只(zhi)要使用是(shi)普(pu)通(tong)指針(zhen)式(shi)萬(wan)能表(biao)(biao)，將萬(wan)能表(biao)(biao)選(xuan)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檔(dang)（0.5A-1A），負表(biao)(biao)筆接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負極，正表(biao)(biao)筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正極上迅速(su)碰(peng)一下，注意觀察表(biao)(biao)針(zhen)運(yun)動（短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）情(qing)況，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還剩多(duo)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)會隨著使(shi)用時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)增加不(bu)斷下降(jiang)，下降(jiang)到一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)就(jiu)不(bu)能用了，一(yi)般情況下，干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時(shi)，就(jiu)可以視為干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)即(ji)將沒(mei)電，這時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)已(yi)經不(bu)能滿足大(da)部分電子設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作需求(qiu)，需要更換(huan)干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)。