一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別
干電池按照電解質性質不同,可分為堿性和碳性兩種,它們雖然都是干電池,但在很(hen)多方面有(you)(you)所(suo)不同,堿性干(gan)電池和碳性干(gan)電池的(de)區別主要有(you)(you):
1、結構原理不同
碳性干(gan)(gan)電池和(he)堿性干(gan)(gan)電池的(de)(de)結(jie)構和(he)原(yuan)理都是(shi)基于鋅-錳體系(xi),但是(shi)有(you)一些不同之處。碳性干(gan)(gan)電池的(de)(de)正極是(shi)由二氧化(hua)錳和(he)石墨組成的(de)(de)炭(tan)棒,負極是(shi)由鋅皮制(zhi)成的(de)(de)外殼,電解質是(shi)含有(you)氯化(hua)銨(an)和(he)氯化(hua)鋅的(de)(de)水溶液。
堿性(xing)干電池的(de)(de)正極(ji)是由二(er)(er)氧化(hua)錳(meng)和(he)(he)碳粉組成的(de)(de)環形極(ji)片,負(fu)極(ji)是由鋅粉和(he)(he)添(tian)加劑制(zhi)成的(de)(de)鋅膏,電解(jie)質是含(han)有氫氧化(hua)鉀(jia)的(de)(de)水(shui)溶(rong)液。碳性(xing)干電池和(he)(he)堿性(xing)干電池的(de)(de)放(fang)電反應(ying)都是鋅和(he)(he)二(er)(er)氧化(hua)錳(meng)在電解(jie)質中發生氧化(hua)還原反應(ying),產生電流和(he)(he)電壓(ya)。
2、電池容量不同
碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓都是1.5伏,但(dan)(dan)是它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量卻有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別,堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量是碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4-7倍,這意味著堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以持續(xu)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間更長(chang),或者可以為更大功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器提供電(dian)(dian)能。堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量會隨(sui)著放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加而減(jian)小,但(dan)(dan)是仍然高于碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
3、重量不同
由(you)于堿性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的內部材料和結構比碳(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更(geng)復雜(za),堿性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的重量一般比碳(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重。
4、價格不同
堿性干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的價(jia)格也(ye)比碳性干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)高(gao)(gao),一(yi)般是(shi)碳性干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的1.5-2倍,不過(guo)堿性干(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命通常要更長(chang)一(yi)些,性價(jia)比還(huan)是(shi)比較高(gao)(gao)的。
5、適用范圍不同
碳性(xing)(xing)干電池適合用(yong)(yong)于低電流(liu)和低功率的電器(qi),如手電筒、收音機(ji)、遙控(kong)器(qi)、鐘表等。這些(xie)電器(qi)的特(te)點(dian)是用(yong)(yong)電量小,對電池的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)要求不(bu)高,使用(yong)(yong)碳性(xing)(xing)干電池可以(yi)滿足基本的需求。
堿(jian)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池適合用(yong)于高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)高(gao)功(gong)率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),如數碼相機、閃光燈、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動玩具、剃須刀、無線(xian)鼠標等。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)特點是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量大,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性能(neng)要求(qiu)高(gao),使用(yong)堿(jian)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)正常工作和(he)良好的(de)(de)性能(neng)。
6、保質期和自放電不同
保(bao)質期是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在未使(shi)用的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),能夠保(bao)持(chi)一定的電(dian)(dian)量和性(xing)能的時間。自放電(dian)(dian)是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在未使(shi)用的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),由于內部(bu)化學反應(ying)而逐漸損(sun)失(shi)電(dian)(dian)量的現象。
一(yi)般來說,堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)要(yao)遠遠超過碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)。碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)一(yi)般為(wei)1-2年(nian),而堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)一(yi)般為(wei)5-10年(nian),甚至更長。堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也比碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低,一(yi)般為(wei)每(mei)年(nian)2-3%,而碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般為(wei)每(mei)年(nian)10-15%。這意(yi)味著堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以更長時間地保存和(he)使(shi)用,不會因為(wei)時間過長而失效(xiao)。
7、環保性不同
碳性(xing)干電(dian)池中(zhong)含有重金屬鎘(ge)(ge)和(he)水(shui)銀,這(zhe)些(xie)物質對人(ren)體和(he)環境都有危害,如果不經過回收處理(li),就直接丟棄,會污染土壤和(he)水(shui)源,影響生態平衡。堿性(xing)干電(dian)池中(zhong)不含重金屬鎘(ge)(ge)和(he)水(shui)銀,相對來(lai)說要環保一些(xie)。
二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好
堿性干電池和碳(tan)性干電池對比起來,在很多(duo)方面都(dou)有所區別,不(bu)過(guo)并不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)堿性干電池就(jiu)更(geng)好(hao),或者碳(tan)性干電池更(geng)好(hao),要根(gen)據設(she)備功(gong)率需求、使用(yong)時間和環(huan)境考慮選擇:
一(yi)般來說,堿性干電(dian)池通(tong)常具有更(geng)高的(de)能量(liang)密(mi)度和較長的(de)壽命,適合(he)高耗能設(she)備(bei);而碳(tan)性干電(dian)池價(jia)格便(bian)宜,適用(yong)于低功率設(she)備(bei)。
三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎
堿性干電池和(he)碳(tan)性干電池很(hen)多在外表上(shang)并沒有多大區別,有用戶可(ke)能會混用,不(bu)過一般這兩種干電池是不(bu)建議共用的。
由于(yu)堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正極(ji)、負極(ji)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質均不同,因此他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)量都(dou)有所不同,一(yi)般(ban)來說,堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量是碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)五到六(liu)倍,而電(dian)(dian)(dian)流也(ye)(ye)比碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要大,混(hun)用的(de)(de)(de)話可能(neng)影(ying)響(xiang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian);而且碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會更早用完,頻繁(fan)更換(huan)也(ye)(ye)麻煩,因此一(yi)般(ban)建議不要混(hun)用。