一、一次電池是什么意思
一次電池,也叫一次性電池,是指(zhi)放電(dian)結束后不能(neng)再通(tong)(tong)過充電(dian)使(shi)其復(fu)原(yuan),再度使(shi)用的電(dian)池,這種電(dian)池通(tong)(tong)常只能(neng)一次性使(shi)用,無法通(tong)(tong)過充電(dian)或其它(ta)方式將原(yuan)有電(dian)能(neng)補充回來。
一次電(dian)池一般用完即廢,這一特性是它的電(dian)池反應或(huo)(huo)電(dian)極反應的不可逆性或(huo)(huo)條件(jian),限制使電(dian)池反應很(hen)難可逆地進(jin)行所決定(ding)的。
二、干電池是一次性電池嗎
是的。
干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的原(yuan)理是利用氧化(hua)還原(yuan)反應(ying)將(jiang)化(hua)學(xue)能轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能,這一化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)是不可逆的,不能進行充電(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)循環使用,因此屬于(yu)一次性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。除(chu)了干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外,常見的碳(tan)鋅電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、水銀電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋅空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等都屬于(yu)一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
三、一次電池和二次電池的區別
和一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相(xiang)對的(de)(de),二(er)次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就是指可以通過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)或其他(ta)方式補充電(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),這(zhe)兩種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)區別(bie)主要有:
1、二次電池在放電時(shi)電極(ji)體積(ji)和結構之(zhi)間發生可逆變(bian)化(hua),而一次電池內部則簡單(dan)得多,因為(wei)它不(bu)需要調(diao)節這些可逆性變(bian)化(hua)。
2、一次電(dian)池(chi)的質量比(bi)容量和(he)體積比(bi)容量均(jun)大(da)于普通充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi),但內阻遠比(bi)二次電(dian)池(chi)大(da),因(yin)此負載能力較低(di)。
3、一次電池的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遠小于(yu)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)只能放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次,如,堿性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和碳性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就屬(shu)于(yu)此(ci)類,二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可反復循環使(shi)用。
4、一次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)遠大(da)二次電(dian)池(chi)(chi),其大(da)電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)亦不及二次電(dian)池(chi)(chi),在(zai)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)、間歇(xie)性(xing)放電(dian)的(de)條件(jian)下,一次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)比容(rong)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)普通二次電(dian)池(chi)(chi),但當放電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大(da)于(yu)800mAh,則一次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)優勢就會明顯減小(xiao)。
5、二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相對(dui)一次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)更環(huan)保(bao)。一次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用后就必(bi)須廢(fei)棄,而充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可反(fan)復(fu)使用,符合國家(jia)標準的次(ci)世代充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通常可反(fan)復(fu)使用1000次(ci)以(yi)上,也就是(shi)說充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產生的廢(fei)棄物不到(dao)一次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的1000分之(zhi)1,不論從(cong)減少(shao)廢(fei)棄物還是(shi)從(cong)資源利用及經濟的角度來(lai)考慮,二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的優越性都是(shi)十分明顯的。