行星(xing)的(de)定義(yi):一是必須圍繞恒星(xing)運轉(zhuan)的(de)天(tian)體;二是質(zhi)量(liang)足夠大,能依靠自身引力使天(tian)體呈圓球狀(zhuang);三是其軌道附近應該沒(mei)有其他物體。
我(wo)們所在(zai)的(de)太(tai)陽系(xi)有八個行(xing)星(xing)(xing),按(an)照離太(tai)陽的(de)距(ju)離從近到(dao)遠,它們依次為水(shui)星(xing)(xing)、金星(xing)(xing)、地球、火(huo)星(xing)(xing)、木星(xing)(xing)、土星(xing)(xing)、天王星(xing)(xing)和海王星(xing)(xing)。而曾經被(bei)認為是“九大行(xing)星(xing)(xing)”之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)冥王星(xing)(xing)于2006年8月24日被(bei)定義(yi)為“矮行(xing)星(xing)(xing)”。此外,太(tai)陽系(xi)中還有很多較小的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)分布在(zai)火(huo)星(xing)(xing)與木星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)間的(de)小行(xing)星(xing)(xing)帶,以及(ji)從柯(ke)伊伯帶延(yan)伸將近一(yi)光年遠的(de)奧爾特星(xing)(xing)云,都屬于太(tai)陽系(xi)的(de)范圍。
太陽系
赤道(dao)半徑大小的排(pai)列順序和體(ti)積(ji)是(shi)一樣的,下(xia)面是(shi)以地(di)球體(ti)積(ji)為1作比例,比較出八大行星排(pai)列順序(體(ti)積(ji))的大小關系,如下(xia)面數據所示:
體積:(以地球為1,體積1.0832073×1012km3)
太陽 :木星(xing) :土星(xing) :天王(wang)星(xing) :海王(wang)星(xing) :地(di)球(qiu) :金星(xing) :火(huo)星(xing) :水星(xing) = 1300000 :1317 :745 :65 :57 :1 :0.86 :0.15 :0.056
一、水星(質量3.3022×1023kg、平均密度5.42794g/cm3)
水(shui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)國古代稱為辰星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)系中(zhong)的(de)類地行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),其主(zhu)要由石質和(he)鐵質構(gou)成,密度(du)較高。自(zi)轉(zhuan)周(zhou)期很長為58.65天,自(zi)轉(zhuan)方向和(he)公轉(zhuan)方向相同,水(shui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在88個(ge)地球日里就能繞太陽(yang)一周(zhou),平均速度(du)47.89千(qian)米,是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)系中(zhong)運動最(zui)(zui)(zui)快的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。無衛星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環繞。它是(shi)(shi)八大(da)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),也是(shi)(shi)離太陽(yang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)近的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。水(shui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最(zui)(zui)(zui)接(jie)近太陽(yang),是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)系的(de)八大(da)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排列順序排名第一的(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
水(shui)星在直徑(jing)上(shang)小于(yu)木衛三和(he)土衛六(liu),水(shui)星上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)看上(shang)去要比在地球(qiu)(qiu)上(shang)大二倍半,太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光比地球(qiu)(qiu)赤(chi)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)光還要強(qiang)六(liu)倍。水(shui)星朝向(xiang)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian),溫度非常(chang)高,可達到(dao)400℃以上(shang)。這樣熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,就連錫和(he)鉛都會熔化,何(he)況水(shui)呢(ni)。 但(dan)背向(xiang)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian),長期不(bu)見陽(yang)(yang)光,溫度非常(chang)低,達到(dao)-173℃,在這里(li)也不(bu)可能有固態的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)。1974年3月、9月和(he)1975年3月,美(mei)國發射的(de)(de)(de)(de)“水(shui)手10號”探測(ce)了水(shui)星,向(xiang)地面(mian)發回(hui)5000多張照片。水(shui)星地貌酷(ku)似月球(qiu)(qiu),大小不(bu)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形山(shan),還有輻射紋、平(ping)原、裂谷、盆(pen)地等地形。水(shui)星是太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)系中(zhong)僅(jin)次于(yu)地球(qiu)(qiu),密度第二大的(de)(de)(de)(de)天體。
二、金星 (質量4.869×1024千克、平均密度: 5.24 1.318cm3)
金星(xing)按離(li)太陽由近(jin)及遠(yuan)的(de)(de)次序是第二顆。它(ta)是離(li)地球(qiu)(qiu)最近(jin)的(de)(de)行星(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)代稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)長庚(geng)、啟(qi)明、太白或太白金星(xing)。公(gong)轉周(zhou)期是224.71地球(qiu)(qiu)日(ri)(ri)。夜(ye)空中(zhong)(zhong)亮(liang)度僅次于(yu)月球(qiu)(qiu),排第二,金星(xing)要(yao)在日(ri)(ri)出稍前或者日(ri)(ri)落稍后才能(neng)達到亮(liang)度最大(da)。它(ta)日(ri)(ri)出稍前出現在東方天(tian)空,被稱為(wei)(wei)“啟(qi)明”;有時(shi)黃昏后出現在西方天(tian)空,被稱為(wei)(wei)“長庚(geng)”。金星(xing)是全天(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)除太陽和(he)月亮(liang)外(wai)最亮(liang)的(de)(de)星(xing),亮(liang)度最大(da)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)-4.4等,比著(zhu)名的(de)(de)天(tian)狼星(xing)(除太陽外(wai)全天(tian)最亮(liang)的(de)(de)恒星(xing))還要(yao)亮(liang)14倍(bei),猶(you)如一顆耀(yao)眼的(de)(de)鉆石,于(yu)是古(gu)希臘人稱它(ta)為(wei)(wei)阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite)——愛與美的(de)(de)女神,而(er)羅馬人則(ze)稱它(ta)為(wei)(wei)維納斯(Venus)——美神。
三、地球 (質量5.965×1024kg、平均密度5507.85kg/m3)
地(di)(di)球(qiu)是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)系從內(nei)到外的(de)第(di)三顆行星(xing)(xing)(xing),也是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)系中(zhong)直(zhi)徑(jing)、質量(liang)和密(mi)度最大(da)的(de)類(lei)地(di)(di)行星(xing)(xing)(xing)。它也經常被(bei)稱作世界。英語的(de)地(di)(di)球(qiu)Earth一(yi)詞來自于古英語及日耳曼語。地(di)(di)球(qiu)已有(you)44~46億(yi)歲,有(you)一(yi)顆天然衛(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)月球(qiu)圍繞(rao)著地(di)(di)球(qiu)以(yi)30天的(de)周期旋轉,而地(di)(di)球(qiu)以(yi)近24小時(shi)的(de)周期自轉并(bing)且以(yi)一(yi)年的(de)周期繞(rao)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)轉。迪士尼有(you)同名紀錄片。地(di)(di)球(qiu)與太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)平均距離為14960萬公(gong)(gong)里,在行星(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)排第(di)三位,它的(de)赤道半徑(jing)為6378.2公(gong)(gong)里,其(qi)大(da)小在行星(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)列第(di)五位。
四、火星 (質量6.4219×1023kg、平均密度3.94g/cm3)
火(huo)星(xing)是(shi)太陽系由(you)內往外數的(de)第四顆行(xing)星(xing),屬(shu)于類地(di)(di)行(xing)星(xing),直徑為地(di)(di)球的(de)一半,自轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)傾角、自轉(zhuan)(zhuan)周期相近(jin),公轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一周則花兩(liang)倍時(shi)間。在西方稱(cheng)為戰神瑪爾斯,中國則稱(cheng)為“熒惑”。橘(ju)紅色外表是(shi)因(yin)為地(di)(di)表的(de)赤鐵礦(kuang)(氧(yang)化鐵)。火(huo)星(xing)基本上是(shi)沙漠行(xing)星(xing),地(di)(di)表沙丘、礫石(shi)遍布,沒有穩定的(de)液態水體(ti)。二氧(yang)化碳為主的(de)大氣既(ji)稀薄又寒(han)冷,沙塵懸浮其中,每年常有塵暴發生。火(huo)星(xing)兩(liang)極(ji)皆(jie)有水冰(bing)與(yu)干冰(bing)組成的(de)極(ji)冠,會隨著季節消(xiao)長(chang)。
五、木星 (質量1.90×1027千克、平均密度1.326g/cm3)
木星(xing),為太(tai)陽系八大行星(xing)之(zhi)一,距(ju)太(tai)陽(由近及遠)順序(xu)為第五,亦(yi)為太(tai)陽系體積最大、自(zi)轉最快的(de)(de)行星(xing)。木星(xing)主要由氫和氦(hai)組成,中(zhong)(zhong)心溫(wen)度估(gu)計高達(da)30,500℃。古代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)稱(cheng)之(zhi)歲星(xing),取其繞行天球一周為12年,與地支相同之(zhi)故。西方語(yu)言一般稱(cheng)之(zhi)朱比特(拉丁語(yu):Jupiter),源自(zi)羅馬神話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)眾神之(zhi)王、相當(dang)于希臘神話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)宙斯(si)。
木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在太陽(yang)系的(de)(de)八大(da)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)體(ti)積和質量最大(da),它(ta)有(you)(you)著極其(qi)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)質量,是(shi)其(qi)它(ta)七大(da)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)總(zong)和的(de)(de)2.5倍還(huan)(huan)多,是(shi)地球的(de)(de)318倍,而(er)體(ti)積則是(shi)地球的(de)(de)1,321倍。按照與太陽(yang)的(de)(de)距離由近到遠排,木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)位列第五。同時,木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)太陽(yang)系中(zhong)自轉最快的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),所以木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)并不是(shi)正球形(xing)的(de)(de),而(er)是(shi)兩極稍(shao)扁,赤道略鼓。木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)天空(kong)中(zhong)第四亮的(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),僅次于(yu)太陽(yang)、月球和金(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(在有(you)(you)的(de)(de)時候,木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會比(bi)火星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)稍(shao)暗,但有(you)(you)時卻(que)要比(bi)金(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還(huan)(huan)要亮)。木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主要由氫和氦(hai)組成(cheng),中(zhong)心(xin)溫度估計高(gao)達30,500℃。木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表面(mian)有(you)(you)一個大(da)紅斑,從東到西有(you)(you)40,000千米,從北(bei)到南(nan)有(you)(you)13,000千米,面(mian)積大(da)約(yue)453,250,000平方(fang)千米。對(dui)于(yu)它(ta)是(shi)什么仍有(you)(you)爭論,很多人認為它(ta)是(shi)一個永不停息的(de)(de)旋(xuan)風,它(ta)的(de)(de)范圍可以吞沒3個地球。
六、土星(質量(地球質量=1) :95.18、平均密度0.70g/cm3)
土(tu)(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),為(wei)(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)系八大(da)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之一(yi),至太(tai)陽(yang)距離(由近到遠)位于(yu)第六、體積則僅(jin)次于(yu)木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。并與(yu)木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、天(tian)王星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及海王星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)同屬氣體(類木(mu)(mu))巨星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。古(gu)代(dai)中國亦稱之鎮(zhen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或填星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。土(tu)(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)古(gu)稱鎮(zhen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或填星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),因為(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公轉(zhuan)周(zhou)期大(da)約為(wei)(wei)29.5年,我國古(gu)代(dai)有28宿(su),土(tu)(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)幾乎是(shi)每年在一(yi)個宿(su)中,有鎮(zhen)住或填滿該宿(su)的意(yi)味,所(suo)以稱為(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或填星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑119300公里(為(wei)(wei)地球的9.5倍),是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)系第二大(da)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。它(ta)與(yu)鄰居木(mu)(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)十分相像,表面也是(shi)液態(tai)氫(qing)和氦的海洋,上方(fang)同樣覆(fu)蓋(gai)著厚厚的云(yun)層(ceng)。土(tu)(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上狂(kuang)風肆虐,沿東西(xi)方(fang)向的風速可超(chao)過每小時1600公里。土(tu)(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上空的云(yun)層(ceng)就是(shi)這(zhe)些狂(kuang)風造成的,云(yun)層(ceng)中含有大(da)量(liang)的結晶(jing)氨。
七、天王星(質量8.6810 ±13×1025kg、平均密度1.318cm3)
天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是太陽向外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)七顆(ke)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在太陽系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體積是第(di)(di)(di)三大(比(bi)海(hai)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大),質量排名第(di)(di)(di)四(比(bi)海(hai)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輕(qing))。他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱來自古希(xi)臘神話中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)空(kong)之神烏拉諾斯,是克洛諾斯(農神)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父親(qin),宙斯(朱(zhu)比(bi)特)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖父。天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)顆(ke)在現(xian)(xian)(xian)代發現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然(ran)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)度(du)與(yu)五(wu)顆(ke)傳(chuan)統行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)樣,亮度(du)是肉眼可見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),但由(you)于較為黯淡而未被古代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀測者發現(xian)(xian)(xian)。威廉·赫歇耳(er)爵士在1781年3月13日宣布他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian)(xian)(xian),在太陽系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代史上首度(du)擴展了已知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界限(xian)。這也是第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)顆(ke)使用望遠鏡發現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)海(hai)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部和(he)大氣(qi)構(gou)(gou)成不同(tong)于更巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體巨(ju)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)——木(mu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)土星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),天(tian)(tian)文(wen)學家(jia)設立了不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冰(bing)巨(ju)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分類來安置它(ta)們。天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要成分是氫和(he)氦,還包(bao)含較高(gao)比(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)水(shui)、氨、甲(jia)烷結成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“冰(bing)”,與(yu)可以察(cha)覺到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳氫化合物。他(ta)是太陽系(xi)內(nei)溫度(du)最(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),最(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)只有49K,還有復(fu)合體組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云層(ceng)結構(gou)(gou),水(shui)在最(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云層(ceng)內(nei),而甲(jia)烷組成最(zui)高(gao)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云層(ceng)。
八、海王星(質量1.0247e26千克、平均密度1.66g/cm3)
海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)繞太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)八顆(ke)(ke)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)圍繞太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)公(gong)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)四大(da)(da)天(tian)體(ti)(直徑(jing)上)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在直徑(jing)上小于天(tian)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),但(dan)質(zhi)量比它大(da)(da)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量大(da)(da)約是(shi)(shi)(shi)地球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17倍,而類似雙胞胎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)因密度較低,質(zhi)量大(da)(da)約是(shi)(shi)(shi)地球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14倍。海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)羅(luo)馬神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尼普頓(Neptune),因為尼普頓是(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen),所以(yi)中(zhong)文譯為海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。天(tian)文學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號,是(shi)(shi)(shi)希臘神(shen)(shen)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen)波塞冬使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三叉戟(ji)。作(zuo)為典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上呼(hu)嘯(xiao)著(zhu)按帶狀分布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)風暴(bao)(bao)或旋風,海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風暴(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)系中(zhong)最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),時速(su)達到2000千米。海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍色(se)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)甲烷吸收了日光中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅光造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。盡管海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個寒(han)冷而荒涼(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)球(qiu)。不過科學家(jia)們推測(ce)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部有(you)熱源。和土星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、木星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)樣(yang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)內(nei)部有(you)熱源--它輻射出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)它吸收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍多。由于海(hai)(hai)(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)顆(ke)(ke)淡(dan)藍色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),人(ren)們根據(ju)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)命名(ming)法(fa),稱其為涅普頓。涅普頓是(shi)(shi)(shi)羅(luo)馬神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)統(tong)治大(da)(da)海(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)神(shen)(shen),掌握著(zhu)1/3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宇宙,頗有(you)神(shen)(shen)通。
九、Planet X
除了上述的(de)(de)八大(da)行星(xing),科學(xue)(xue)家(jia)們在(zai)計算(suan)天(tian)王(wang)星(xing)和海王(wang)星(xing)軌(gui)道和其它(ta)(ta)參數時(shi),發現它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)繞日公轉(zhuan)軌(gui)道呈不規則的(de)(de)現象,因此推測在(zai)柯伊伯帶之外存在(zai)著(zhu)一(yi)個大(da)型行星(xing),并命名為“Planet X”( 行星(xing)X)。通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)腦模擬(ni),天(tian)文學(xue)(xue)家(jia)認為這應當(dang)是(shi)一(yi)顆海王(wang)星(xing)大(da)小的(de)(de)天(tian)體,直(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)約為地(di)球的(de)(de)4倍,質量(liang)可(ke)能約是(shi)地(di)球的(de)(de)2至5倍,距離太(tai)陽(yang)約1400億英里(約2250億公里),它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)軌(gui)道可(ke)能比(bi)冥王(wang)星(xing)的(de)(de)更傾斜,公轉(zhuan)一(yi)周將耗時(shi)一(yi)千多年。
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