家裝隱蔽工程很重要 專家教你如何驗收
家庭裝(zhuang)修中的隱(yin)蔽(bi)(bi)工(gong)程是指隱(yin)蔽(bi)(bi)在裝(zhuang)飾(shi)表面內部的管線工(gong)程和結構工(gong)程。管線工(gong)程包(bao)括電器(qi)回(hui)路(lu)、給排水(shui)、煤氣管道(dao)(dao)、空(kong)調系(xi)統等;結構工(gong)程指用于(yu)固定、支撐(cheng)房屋荷載的內部構造。雖然曾經流行一時的野獸派和高(gao)科技派以暴露管道(dao)(dao)結構為美,但是這種手法不適(shi)于(yu)普通(tong)百姓人家的裝(zhuang)修。
值得注(zhu)意的(de)是(shi),目前隱蔽(bi)工(gong)程的(de)質(zhi)量問(wen)題普遍存在(zai),而且由于維修不便(bian),留下很多隱患。因此,有必(bi)要了(le)解它的(de)結構和材料。家庭裝(zhuang)修的(de)隱蔽(bi)工(gong)程主要包括六個方面:
(1)給排水工程。由于鍍鋅管(guan)易生銹、積垢(gou)、不(bu)保(bao)溫(wen),而且會發生凍(dong)裂,將被逐(zhu)步淘汰。目前(qian)使(shi)用(yong)最多的是(shi)塑鋁復合管(guan)、塑鋼管(guan)、PPR管(guan)。這些管(guan)子有(you)良好(hao)的塑性、韌性,而且保(bao)溫(wen)不(bu)開裂、不(bu)積垢(gou),采用(yong)專用(yong)接頭或(huo)熱塑接頭,質量(liang)保(bao)證、能(neng)耗少。
(2)電器管線工程。一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)分硬線(xian)(xian)、軟(ruan)線(xian)(xian)、護套(tao)線(xian)(xian)等,按銅芯粗細又分為(wei)(wei)(wei)1平方毫(hao)米(mi)線(xian)(xian)、1.5平方毫(hao)米(mi)線(xian)(xian)、2.5平方毫(hao)米(mi)線(xian)(xian)……為(wei)(wei)(wei)安全起見,更為(wei)(wei)(wei)了便于維修,電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)應套(tao)套(tao)管。此外(wai)常用(yong)的還有(you)音響線(xian)(xian)、信(xin)號線(xian)(xian)等。插座分為(wei)(wei)(wei)10A,15A,品牌也有(you)多種,假(jia)冒的也多。劣質的插座容(rong)易(yi)引起事故,建議到正規(gui)電(dian)(dian)器用(yong)品商店購買較為(wei)(wei)(wei)妥當。電(dian)(dian)器線(xian)(xian)路工(gong)程,要求(qiu)施工(gong)規(gui)范,以保(bao)證安全,消除隱患。
(3)地板基層。實木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban)基層有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)做法:一種(zhong)(zhong)在水泥(ni)樓板(ban)上(shang)鋪設(she)(she)木(mu)(mu)龍(long)(long)骨(gu),最后釘(ding)地(di)板(ban);另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法在龍(long)(long)骨(gu)上(shang)先(xian)鋪一層細(xi)木(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban),或者是(shi)毛地(di)板(ban),然后釘(ding)地(di)板(ban),采用這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法,地(di)板(ban)受力(li)均勻,結(jie)構(gou)牢固。復(fu)合地(di)板(ban)安裝(zhuang)方(fang)(fang)便,基層也(ye)有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)作法:一種(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)作找平層,然后鋪設(she)(she)PVC墊(dian)層,之(zhi)后鋪設(she)(she)復(fu)合地(di)板(ban);另(ling)一種(zhong)(zhong)在水泥(ni)找平層上(shang),鋪設(she)(she)木(mu)(mu)龍(long)(long)骨(gu)和毛地(di)板(ban),兩鋪復(fu)合地(di)板(ban)。
(4)護墻基層。護(hu)墻板有平板式和凹凸式。做法是在墻面上(shang)(shang)安裝30mm×40mm木龍骨(gu),在此基礎上(shang)(shang)釘(ding)多(duo)層板或細木工板,最后釘(ding)飾面夾(jia)板。為防止發霉,在護(hu)墻板上(shang)(shang)部開(kai)一系列直徑為6mm的氣孔(kong)。
(5)門窗套基層。先排設龍骨,然后釘(ding)細木工板(ban),表面(mian)用飾面(mian)夾板(ban)釘(ding)木線條,避免日后膨脹。
(6)吊頂基層。吊(diao)(diao)頂(ding)材料有石膏板,灰板,夾(jia)板,鋁合金扣板,塑料扣板,磨砂玻璃,彩繪玻璃等,龍(long)骨分木龍(long)骨和(he)輕鋼龍(long)骨。吊(diao)(diao)頂(ding)開裂的現象經常出(chu)現,如使用(yong)彈性(xing)膩子嵌(qian)縫(feng),并(bing)貼尼龍(long)綁帶(dai),可以改善這種情(qing)況(kuang)。
隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)后,需驗收,確保不留隱患(huan),合格(ge)后才能進行后續(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。否則(ze)今后發現問題(ti),需要(yao)返工(gong)(gong),既(ji)影響質量,又拖延工(gong)(gong)期。業主和承包方都將蒙受損(sun)失。